scholarly journals Distribution and Integration of Military Settlements’ Cultural Heritage in the Large Pass City of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty: A Case Study of Juyong Pass Defense Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7166
Author(s):  
Yukun Zhang ◽  
Songyang Li ◽  
Lifeng Tan ◽  
Jiayin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
North West ◽  
Cultural Routes ◽  
Great Wall ◽  
The Ming Dynasty

The Great Wall of China is more than a wall: it is an extensive cultural route. Pass cities, which are usually large defensive fortresses overseeing an entire fortified area, are an essential part of this heritage and are at the core of the Great Wall’s defense system. Juyong Pass was the closest Pass city to Beijing during the Ming Dynasty when the Great Wall reached its peak. It consisted of five regions—south, east, north, west, and central—that form three fortification levels: core castle, Bao city, and End facility. Based on the Juyong defense area military settlements database, this paper applied spatial analysis methods and found that more than half of the military’s resources for the whole defense area were focused on the western part of the wall, which formed another military core alongside Juyong Pass city. However, the current conservation strategy only focuses on Juyong Pass itself, neglecting the settlements in the western part, thereby destroying the integrity of the Great Wall’s heritage. By clarifying the distribution of cultural heritage in this area, we hope to encourage the preservation of many fortifications according to their authentic historical sphere of control and provide a reference for the sustainable integration of resources along the significant cultural routes of the Great Wall.

SpaCeborne SAR Interferometry as a Noninvasive tool to assess the vulnerability over Cultural hEritage sites (SCIENCE)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasia-Maria Tompolidi ◽  
Issaak Parcharidis ◽  
Constantinos Loupasakis ◽  
Michalis Fragkiadakis ◽  
Pantelis Soupios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Science Project ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Persistent Scatterers ◽  
Great Wall

<p>Cultural heritage is a key element of history as the ancient monuments and archaeological sites enrich today’s societies and help connect us to our cultural origins. The project entitled ''SpaCeborne SAR Interferometry as a Nonivasive tool to assess the vulnerability over Cultural hEritage sites (SCIENCE)'' has as ultimate objective to predict the vulnerability of the archaeological sites to ground deformation in time and space and protect them against natural/man-made damage. The SCIENCE project aims to develop, demonstrate, and validate, in terms of geotechnical local conditions and monuments’ structural health, SAR interferometric techniques to monitor potential ground deformation affecting the archaeological sites and monuments of great importance. </p><p>During the last few years, spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry has proven to be a powerful remote sensing tool for detecting and measuring ground deformation and studying the deformation’s impact on man-made structures. It provides centimeter to millimeter resolution and even single buildings/monuments can be mapped from space. Considering the limitations of conventional MT-InSAR techniques, such as Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI), in this project a two-step Tomography-based Persistent Scatterers (PS) Interferometry (Tomo-PSInSAR) approach is proposed for monitoring ground deformation and structural instabilities over the Ancient City Walls (Ming Dynasty) in Nanjing city, China and in the Great Wall in Zhangjiakou, China. The Tomo-PSInSAR is capable of separating overlaid PS in the same location, minimizing the unfavorable layover effects of slant-range imaging in SAR data. Moreover, the demonstrations are performed on well-known test sites in China and in Greece, such as: a) Ming Dynasty City Walls in Nanjing, b) Great Wall in Zhangjiakou, c) Acropolis complex of Athens and d) Heraklion walls (Crete Island), respectively.</p><p>In particular, in the framework of SCIENCE project are processed several radar datasets such as Sentinel 1 A & B data of Copernicus program and the high resolution TerraSAR-X data. The products of Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) are exported in various formats for the identification of the persistent scatterers using high resolution optical images, aerial photographs and fusing with high accuracy Digital Surface Models (DSM). In addition, the validation of the results is taking place through in-situ measurements (geological, geothechnical e.t.c) and data for the cultural heritage sites conditions.</p><p>SCIENCE project’s final goal is the risk assessment analysis of the cultural heritage monuments and their surrounding areas aiming to benefit institutions, organizations, stakeholders and private agencies in the cultural heritage domain through the creation of a validated pre-operation non-invasive system and service based on earth observation data supporting end-user needs by the provision knowledge about cultural heritage protection. In conclusion, SCIENCE project is composed by a bilateral consortium of the Greek delegation of Harokopio University of Athens, National Technical University of Athens, Terra Spatium S.A, Ephorate of Antiquities of Heraklion (Crete), Acropolis Restoration Service (Athens) of Ministry of Culture and Sports and by the Chinese delegation of Science Academy of China (Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth) and  International Centre on Space Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage (HIST) under the auspices of UNESCO (HIST-UNESCO).</p>

Landscape Elements Analysis of Defensive Settlements along Ming Dynasty Great Wall with the Concept of Cultural Landscape

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 2104-2109
Author(s):  
Xiang Ming Cao ◽  
Ran Quan
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Landscape Elements ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Settlement Type ◽  
Heritage Protection ◽  
Great Wall

The movement of international cultural heritage protection experienced a history from single natural and cultural protection to the integration of nature and culture, at present, the concept of ''cultural landscape" become the hot topic of the cultural heritage research. Based on the cognition to the concept of "cultural landscape", This thesis analyses characteristics and connotation of the settlement-type cultural landscape, and quotes the concept used in the study of the built environment and its significance from Amos Rapoport. As a result, defensive settlements landscape along Ming dynasty Great Wall is divided into three forms: fixed-feature elements, Semi-fixed-feature elements, and the unfixed-feature elements. At the same time, this thesis elaborates the contents and characteristics of each of these three forms. It will make the value of the conservation of defensive settlements clear, and provides the basic research to the conservation for the future defensive settlements along Ming dynasty Great Wall.

scholarly journals The Santiago de Compostela Pilgrim Routes: The Development of European Cultural Heritage Policy and Practice from a Critical Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Grabow
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Santiago De Compostela ◽  
Specific Implementation ◽  
Cultural Routes ◽  
Heritage Policy

Using the case study of the Council of Europe's European Cultural Routes Project, this article examines if and how far supra-national rhetorics of cultural openness, inclusivity, and diversity become reality in terms of actual cultural heritage projects. Against this background, it conducts a critical examination of what is considered one of the flagships of European supranational cultural heritage projects, the Council of Europe's Santiago de Compostela Pilgrim Routes. It focuses on the specific implementation of the Council of Europe's supra-national message of cultural heritage in this project and in its accompanying guidebook. By placing the project in its historical context and comparing it to later additions to the European Cultural Routes Project, this article reflects on the development of a pan-European cultural identity paradigm over the last two decades.

scholarly journals Translator Management: A Case Study of the Ming-Dynasty’s Ethnic House

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-142
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
◽  
Tian Chuanmao ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Contingency Theory ◽  
Contingency Management ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Leadership Management ◽  
The Ming Dynasty

Translator management may be seen as the use of some management methods to manage translators in a certain environment so as to achieve a certain management purpose and improve operational efficiency. The present study applies contingency theory of management to the case study of translator management in the Ethnic House in the Ming Dynasty, focusing on its organisational designs, model of leadership, management methods, and needs and incentives. The findings show that there are no unified models for translator management methods, and today’s translation companies and institutions are expected to follow certain management laws and make certain adjustments based on the external and internal environments as well as the qualifications and needs of managers and translators and establish a system of contingency management in order to promote the healthy and orderly development of the language service industry.

Towards a conservation strategy for Aegilops species

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 126-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maxted ◽  
K. White ◽  
J. Valkoun ◽  
J. Konopka ◽  
S. Hargreaves
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
North West ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Passport Data

Aegilopsspecies provide an invaluable source of genes for the improvement of cultivated wheats. This paper illustrates how the existing geo-referenced passport data associated withAegilopsspecies can be used to identify gaps in current conservation and also to develop a more systematic conservation strategy for the genus. Taxonomic, ecological, geographic and conservation information for the 22Aegilopsspecies were collated from ICARDA, EURISCO, GRIN and SINGER datasets, synthesized and analysed. The combined database contained 9866 unique geo-referenced observations collected between 1932 and 2004. Patterns of specific distribution based on the germplasm accession data and the predicted distribution using climatic models were compared in conservation gap analysis using GIS tools. Theex situconservation status of each taxon was assessed and used to provide a priority ranking. Futureex situcollection is recommended in Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Iran, Israel, Libya, Spain, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The species identified with the highestex situconservation priority are as follows:Aegilops bicornis,Aegilops comosa,Aegilops juvenalis,Aegilops kotschyi,Aegilops peregrina,Aegilops sharonensis,Aegilops speltoides,Aegilops uniaristataandAegilops vavilovii. Patterns of species richness based on the germplasm accession passport data are presented and five complementary regions ofAegilopsdiversity were identified in west Syria and north Lebanon, central Israel, north-west Turkey, Turkmenistan and south France. Within these areas, 16 IUCN-recognized protected areas are found and these are identified as potential sites to establish genetic reserves. However, the premierAegilopshotspots on the Syrian/Lebanese border are not coincident with any existing internationally recognized protected areas, and here there is a need to establish a novel protected area.

scholarly journals The Role of Trust in Sustainable Heritage Management Networks. Case Study of Selected Cultural Routes in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Bogacz-Wojtanowska ◽  
Anna Góral ◽  
Marek Bugdol
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Cultural Routes ◽  
Original Concept

Currently, the most common way of managing cultural heritage in a sustainable manner takes the form of cultural routes. The phenomenon of cultural routes mainly results from their innovative organisation, different from the previously adopted institutionalised and formalised heritage management structure that did not align with the contemporary discourse around cultural heritage, which currently constitutes one of the bases of sustainable development. The novel idea focuses on the active involvement of many diverse entities in heritage management: not only public sector organisations with their statutory appointment for this purpose, but, first and foremost, entrepreneurs who create heritage products, tourists visiting sites on the route, or people who create this heritage. Thus, the cultural route acquires the characteristics of a network-points (nodes) that are shaped depending on the needs of the region and its inhabitants, their knowledge, experience, current ideas about a given place, and the way in which specific communities would like to be perceived. The undertaken research problem explores what features cultural route networks have and how they are managed, as well as what values, including trust, are manifested in the mutual relations of route-related entities. An original concept of shaping trust within the network of cultural routes has also been proposed based on the research results.

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