scholarly journals Herbicide Resistance to Metsulfuron-Methyl in Rumex dentatus L. in North-West India and Its Management Perspectives for Sustainable Wheat Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6947
Author(s):  
Ankur Chaudhary ◽  
Rajender Singh Chhokar ◽  
Sachin Dhanda ◽  
Prashant Kaushik ◽  
Simerjeet Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
North India ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
North West ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Als Inhibitor

Herbicide resistance in weeds is a global threat to sustaining food security. In India, herbicide-resistant Phalaris minor was the major problem in wheat for more than two decades, but the continuous use of metsulfuron-methyl (an ALS inhibitor) to control broadleaf weeds has resulted in the evolution of ALS inhibitor-resistant Rumex dentatus L. This review summarizes the current scenario of herbicide resistance in R. dentatus, along with its ecology and management perspectives. Studies have provided valuable insights on the emergence pattern of R. dentatus under different environments in relation to tillage, cropping systems, nutrients, and irrigation. Moreover, R. dentatus has exhibited higher emergence under zero tillage, with high infestation levels in rice-wheat compared to other wheat-based cropping systems (sorghum-wheat). Alternative herbicides for the management of resistant R. dentatus include pendimethalin, 2,4-D, carfentrazone, isoproturon, and metribuzin. Although the pre-emergence application of pendimethalin is highly successful in suppressing R. dentatus, but its efficiency is questionable under lower field soil moisture and heavy residue load conditions. Nevertheless, the biological data may be utilized to control R. dentatus. Therefore, herbicide rotation with suitable spray techniques, collecting weed seeds at differential heights from wheat, crop rotation, alternate tillage practices, and straw retention are recommended for addressing the resistance issue in R. dentatus in North India conditions. Overall, we discuss the current state of herbicide resistance in R. dentatus, the agronomic factors affecting its population, its proliferation in specific cropping systems (rice-wheat), and management strategies for containing an infestation of a resistant population.

scholarly journals Seed germination ecology of Conyza stricta Willd. and implications for management

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244059
Author(s):  
Safdar Ali ◽  
Fakhar Din Khan ◽  
Rehmat Ullah ◽  
Rahmat Ullah Shah ◽  
Saud Alamri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
Germination Ecology ◽  
Tillage Practices

Numerous cropping systems of the world are experiencing the emergence of new weed species in response to conservation agriculture. Conyza stricta Willd. is being a newly emerging weed of barley-based cropping systems in response to conservational tillage practices. Seed germination ecology of four populations (irrigated, rainfed, abandoned and ruderal habitats) was studied in laboratory and greenhouse experiments. The presence/absence of seed dormancy was inferred first, which indicated seeds were non-dormant. Seed germination was then recorded under various photoperiods, constant and alternating day/night temperatures, and pH, salinity and osmotic potential levels. Seedling emergence was observed from various seed burial depths. Seeds of all populations proved photoblastic and required 12-hour light/dark period for germination. Seeds of all populations germinated under 5–30°C constant temperature; however, peak germination was recorded under 17.22–18.11°C. Nonetheless, the highest germination was noted under 20/15°C alternating day/night temperature. Ruderal and irrigated populations better tolerated salinity and germinated under 0–500 mM salinity. Similarly, rainfed population proved more tolerant to osmotic potential than other populations. Seeds of all populations required neutral pH for the highest germination, whereas decline was noted in germination under basic and alkaline pH. Seedling emergence was retarded for seeds buried >2 cm depth and no emergence was recorded from >4 cm depth. These results add valuable information towards our understanding of seed germination ecology of C. stricta. Seed germination ability of different populations under diverse environmental conditions suspects that the species can present severe challenges in future if not managed. Deep seed burial along with effective management of the emerging seedlings seems a pragmatic option to manage the species in cultivated fields. However, immediate management strategies are needed for rest of the habitats.

Widespread occurrence of multiple herbicide resistance in Western Australian annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) populations

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mechelle J. Owen ◽  
Michael J. Walsh ◽  
Rick S. Llewellyn ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Sustainability Challenges ◽  
Random Survey ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
Western Australian

In 2003, a random survey was conducted across the Western Australian wheatbelt to establish the frequency and distribution of herbicide resistance in ryegrass populations infesting crop fields. Five hundred cropping fields were visited at crop maturity, and ryegrass seed was collected in 452 of these fields. Subsequently, each crop field population was screened with herbicides of various modes of action that are commonly used for ryegrass control in Australian cropping systems. Most of these ryegrass populations were found to be resistant to the ACCase-inhibitor herbicide diclofop-methyl (68%) and the ALS-inhibitor herbicide sulfometuron (88%). A comparison of resistance levels in the same agronomic zones surveyed 5 years earlier determined that there had been an increase of 20 percentage points in the frequency of resistance over this 5-year period. This survey also determined that the majority (64%) of populations were found to be multiple resistant to both diclofop-methyl and sulfometuron. The distribution patterns of the collected populations indicated that there were higher frequencies of resistant and developing resistance populations occurring in the intensively cropped regions of the wheatbelt, which had greater herbicide selection pressure. Of concern is that 24% and 8% of populations were found to be developing resistance to trifluralin and clethodim, respectively. Currently these herbicides are heavily relied upon for control of ACCase and ALS herbicide resistant ryegrass. Nearly all populations remain susceptible to glyphosate. Ryegrass across the WA wheatbelt now exhibits multiple resistance across many but not all herbicides, posing severe management and sustainability challenges.

Investigating the resistance levels and mechanisms to penoxsulam and cyhalofop-butyl in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) from Ningxia province, China

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Qian Yang ◽  
Xia Yang ◽  
Zichang Zhang ◽  
Jieping Wang ◽  
Weiguo Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
Encoding Genes

Abstract Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) is a noxious grass weed which infests rice fields and causes huge crop yield losses. In this study, we collected twelve E. crus-galli populations from rice fields of Ningxia province in China and investigated the resistance levels to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor penoxsulam and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor cyhalofop-butyl. The results showed that eight populations exhibited resistance to penoxsulam and four populations evolved resistance to cyhalofop-butyl. Moreover, all of the four cyhalofop-butyl-resistant populations (NX3, NX4, NX6 and NX7) displayed multiple-herbicide-resistance (MHR) to both penoxsulam and cyhalofop-butyl. The alternative herbicides bispyribac-sodium, metamifop and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl cannot effectively control the MHR plants. To characterize the molecular mechanisms of resistance, we amplified and sequenced the target-site encoding genes in resistant and susceptible populations. Partial sequences of three ALS genes and six ACCase genes were examined. A Trp-574-Leu mutation was detected in EcALS1 and EcALS3 in two high-level (65.84- and 59.30-fold) penoxsulam-resistant populations NX2 and NX10, respectively. In addition, one copy (EcACC4) of ACCase genes encodes a truncated aberrant protein due to a frameshift mutation in E. crus-galli populations. None of amino acid substitutions that are known to confer herbicide resistance were detected in ALS and ACCase genes of MHR populations. Our study reveals the widespread of multiple-herbicide resistant E. crus-galli populations at Ningxia province of China that exhibit resistance to several ALS and ACCase inhibitors. Non-target-site based mechanisms are likely to be involved in E. crus-galli resistance to the herbicides, at least in four MHR populations.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertility in semiarid dryland wheat production is challenging for beginning organic farmers

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew J. Lyon ◽  
Gary W. Hergert
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Fertility ◽  
Summer Fallow

AbstractOrganic farming systems use green and animal manures to supply nitrogen (N) to their fields for crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of green manure and composted cattle manure on the subsequent winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) crop in a semiarid environment. Dry pea (Pisum sativumL.) was seeded in early April and terminated at first flower in late June. Composted cattle manure was applied at 0, 11.2 or 22.5 Mg ha−1just prior to pea termination. Winter wheat was planted in mid September following the green manure or tilled summer fallow. No positive wheat response to green manure or composted cattle manure was observed in any of the 3 years of the study. In 2 of the 3 years, wheat yields and grain test weight were reduced following green manure. Green manure reduced grain yields compared with summer fallow by 220 and 1190 kg ha−1in 2009 and 2010, respectively. This may partially be explained by 40 and 47 mm less soil water at wheat planting following peas compared with tilled summer fallow in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Also, in 2008 and 2009, soil nitrate level averaged 45 kg ha−1higher for black fallow compared with green manure fallow when no compost was added. Organic growers in the semiarid Central Great Plains will be challenged to supply N fertility to their winter wheat crop in a rapid and consistent manner as a result of the inherently variable precipitation. Growers may need to allow several years to pass before seeing the benefits of fertility practices in their winter wheat cropping systems.

scholarly journals Chemical and Natural Plant Extract in Ameliorating Negative Impact of Tropospheric Ozone on Wheat Crop: A Case Study in a Part of Semiarid North West India

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1742-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Daripa ◽  
Arti Bhatia ◽  
Sankalpa Ojha ◽  
Ritu Tomer ◽  
Sudipta Chattaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
North West

A Review of Herbicide Resistance in Iran

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javid Gherekhloo ◽  
Mostafa Oveisi ◽  
Eskandar Zand ◽  
Rafael De Prado
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Continuous Use

Continuous use of herbicides has triggered a phenomenon called herbicide resistance. Nowadays, herbicide resistance is a worldwide problem that threatens sustainable agriculture. A study of over a decade on herbicides in Iran has revealed that herbicide resistance has been occurring since 2004 in some weed species. Almost all the results of these studies have been published in national scientific journals and in conference proceedings on the subject. In the current review, studies on herbicide resistance in Iran were included to provide a perspective of developing weed resistance to herbicides for international scientists. More than 70% of arable land in Iran is given over to cultivation of wheat, barley, and rice; wheat alone covers nearly 52%. Within the past 40 years, 108 herbicides from different groups of modes of action have been registered in Iran, of which 28 are for the selective control of weeds in wheat and barley. Major resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides has been shown in some weed species, such as winter wild oat, wild oat, littleseed canarygrass, hood canarygrass, and rigid ryegrass. With respect to the broad area of wheat crop production and continuous use of herbicides with the sole mechanism of action of ACCase inhibition, the provinces of West Azerbaijan, Tehran, Khorasan, Isfahan, Markazi, and Semnan are at risk of resistance development. In addition, because of continuous long-term use of tribenuron-methyl, resistance in broadleaf species is also being developed. Evidence has recently shown resistance of turnipweed and wild mustard populations to this herbicide. Stable monitoring of fields in doubtful areas and providing good education and training for technicians and farmers to practice integrated methods would help to prevent or delay the development of resistance to herbicides.

Immediate drop-out rate in adolescent substance abusers: an out-patient chart review from North India

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidharth Arya ◽  
Rajiv Gupta ◽  
Sunila Rathee ◽  
Vinay Rawat
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Family Type ◽  
North India ◽  
Substance Users ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Adolescent Substance

Abstract Introduction: Although a number of management strategies are available for adolescent substance abusers, the outcomes are limited due to high drop out. The factors related to drop out in adolescent substance users, especially in low and middle income countries (LAMIC) have been sparsely studied. Objective: To study the personal, family and clinical variables related to immediate drop out in adolescent substance abusers. Materials and methods: A retrospective outpatient chart review was carried out for adolescent substance abusers aged 12–19 years from January 2012 to December 2014. Results: Of the 89 patients, 57 (64%) dropped out immediately. The majority of adolescent substance users were >17 years (85%), having some education (90%), belonging to a joint family (76%), having good family support (66%). Drop out was higher in those with later onset and less duration of substance abuse (3.42 vs. 2.36, p=0.014), not currently employed/attending school (OR=2.65, 95% CI=1.04–6.70), not having a psychiatric comorbidity, using a single substance and abusing cannabis. Factors like school drop out, background, family type and support and the relationship to the accompanying person were not associated with immediate drop out. Conclusion: Later onset, lesser duration of substance use, not currently employed/attending school, absence of psychiatric illness and using cannabis were associated with drop out from outpatient treatment. These factors must be thoroughly addressed in substance abuse interventions.

scholarly journals Earthworm communities and microbial metabolic activity and diversity under conventional, feed and biogas cropping systems as affected by tillage practices

2022 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 104232
Author(s):  
Julia Denier ◽  
Michel-Pierre Faucon ◽  
Anne-Maïmiti Dulaurent ◽  
Julien Guidet ◽  
Léa Kervroëdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Microbial Metabolic Activity

scholarly journals Herbicide Resistance: Definition and Management Strategies

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy S Prather ◽  
Joseph M Ditomaso ◽  
Jodie S Holt
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Management Strategies
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