scholarly journals The Perception of Polish Business Stakeholders of the Local Economic Impact of Maritime Spatial Planning Promoting the Development of Offshore Wind Energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6755
Author(s):  
Tomasz Laskowicz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Local Municipalities ◽  
Joint Strategy ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Maritime Spatial Planning ◽  
Offshore Development ◽  
The Impact

The recently adopted maritime spatial plan for Polish sea waters promotes offshore wind farm (OWF) development. The study’s identification of the local municipalities affected by offshore development was based on the plan’s provisions. Through the analysis of the plan and literature findings, both positive and negative impacts of future OWF development were identified and examined. Such an analysis seems to be a precondition for the more active engagement of local stakeholders in the debate on the ways in which to best utilize the new opportunities created by the plan and cope with the threats resulting from maritime spatial planning (MSP). The key impacts recognized by the local business stakeholders have been related to landscape pollution and fishing limitations. Stakeholders less frequently have noticed positive impacts of MSP such as development of a new form of tourism. Up to this point, small municipalities have not undertaken sufficient action, and there is a lack of communication between developers, marine planners and coastal communities. Planners have not assessed the impact of their plan on local economic development. The proposed remedies cover standard actions related to communication, education and dialogue, but in addition to that, a consolidated action of local municipalities on how to capitalize on OWF development has been proposed. The first step proposed is preparation of a joint strategy by coastal municipalities addressing this issue.

scholarly journals Towards navigational safety of ecosystem based Maritime Spatial Planning solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Mihhail Fetissov ◽  
Robert Aps ◽  
Kaidi Katus ◽  
Anni Konsap ◽  
Liisi Lees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Maritime Spatial Planning ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact

According to EU Directive establishing a framework for Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) the main purpose of MSP is to promote sustainable development and to identify the utilization of maritime space for different sea uses as well as to manage spatial uses and conflicts in marine areas. The offshore wind energy production is considered to be one of the main drivers of MSP in the Baltic Sea Region. However, the impact on navigational safety from offshore renewable energy installations (OREI) should be assessed and taken into account in the MSP processes. In a course of implementation of the INTERREG BSR Baltic LINes project, this planning issue is addressed by analysis of the potential impact on navigational safety from planned OREI off the Hiiumaa Island (Estonia) in the Baltic Sea. As a result, the safe distance of turbines’ boundary from shipping route is evaluated referring as an example to UK relevant regulations determining the manoeuvring space that vessels need in order to keep a safe distance from multiple structures such as OREI. Accompanying environmental safety issues related to marine space allocation for OREI developments off the Hiiumaa Island are addressed.

scholarly journals Multi-Use of the Sea as a Sustainable Development Instrument in Five EU Sea Basins

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8159
Author(s):  
Joanna Przedrzymirska ◽  
Jacek Zaucha ◽  
Helena Calado ◽  
Ivana Lukic ◽  
Martina Bocci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Maritime Spatial Planning ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the concept of maritime multi-use as a territorial/SPATIAL governance instrument for the enhancement of sustainable development in five EU sea basins. Multi-use (MU) is expected to enhance the productivity of blue economy sectors, as well as deliver additional socio-economic benefits related to the environmental and social dimensions of sustainable development. The paper provides a definition of maritime multi-use and identifies the multi-uses with the highest potential in EU sea basins. In each sea basin, multi-use plays a different role as concerns sustainable development. For the Eastern Baltic Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea, the MU focus should remain on the environmental pillar of sustainable development. In the North Sea, North Atlantic and Western Baltic Sea, addressing social sustainability seems a key precondition for success of MU in enhancement of sustainable spatial development at sea. Moreover, it has been suggested to introduce MU key global strategies such as SDGs or Macroregional strategies and action plans and to supplement maritime spatial planning with sectoral incentives and educational efforts as key vehicles supporting MU. The paper concludes by identifying aspects which, in order to inform maritime spatial planning and maritime governance regarding a more conscious application of the aforementioned concept, require further investigation. Key tasks are related to: more profound evaluation of performance of policies supporting MUs, researching the impact of MU on societal goals and on the MU costs and benefits, including external ones, and finally identifying the impact of MU on the development of various sectors and regions on land.

scholarly journals Exploring the impact of innovative developments to the installation process for an offshore wind farm

2015 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 623-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan Barlow ◽  
Diclehan Tezcaner Öztürk ◽  
Matthew Revie ◽  
Evangelos Boulougouris ◽  
Alexander H. Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
The Impact

Research of Large-Scale Offshore Wind Farm Collection System Short Circuit Equivalent Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1732-1737
Author(s):  
Liu Bin ◽  
Hong Wei Cui ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Zhu Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyses the characteristics of large-scale offshore wind farm collection network and the impact of the medium voltage collection system optimization,while from the electrical technology point,it proposes the short circuit current of the collection network computational model and algorithms,based on the principle of equivalent circuit.Taking a wind power coolection system planned for a certain offshore wind farm planning for example, the validity of the model and algorithm is verified.

scholarly journals Decision Support Tool for Offshore Wind Farm Vessel Routing under Uncertainty

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Dawid ◽  
David McMillan ◽  
Matthew Revie
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Impact

This paper for the first time captures the impact of uncertain maintenance action times on vessel routing for realistic offshore wind farm problems. A novel methodology is presented to incorporate uncertainties, e.g., on the expected maintenance duration, into the decision-making process. Users specify the extent to which these unknown elements impact the suggested vessel routing strategy. If uncertainties are present, the tool outputs multiple vessel routing policies with varying likelihoods of success. To demonstrate the tool’s capabilities, two case studies were presented. Firstly, simulations based on synthetic data illustrate that in a scenario with uncertainties, the cost-optimal solution is not necessarily the best choice for operators. Including uncertainties when calculating the vessel routing policy led to a 14% increase in the number of wind turbines maintained at the end of the day. Secondly, the tool was applied to a real-life scenario based on an offshore wind farm in collaboration with a United Kingdom (UK) operator. The results showed that the assignment of vessels to turbines generated by the tool matched the policy chosen by wind farm operators. By producing a range of policies for consideration, this tool provided operators with a structured and transparent method to assess trade-offs and justify decisions.

An ecosystem approach for studying the impact of offshore wind farms: a French case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1238-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Pezy ◽  
Aurore Raoux ◽  
Jean-Claude Dauvin
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Ecopath Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The French government is planning the construction of offshore wind farms (OWF) in the next decade (around 2900 MW). Following the European Environmental Impact Assessment Directive 85/337/EEC, several studies have been undertaken to identify the environmental conditions and ecosystem functioning at selected sites prior to OWF construction. However, these studies are generally focused on the conservation of some species and there is no holistic approach for analysing the effects arising from OWF construction and operation. The objective of this article is to promote a sampling strategy to collect data on the different ecosystem compartments of the future Dieppe-Le Tréport (DLT) wind farm site, adopting an ecosystem approach, which could be applied to other OWFs for the implementation of a trophic network analysis. For that purpose, an Ecopath model is used here to derive indices from Ecological Network Analysis (ENA) to investigate the ecosystem structure and functioning. The results show that the ecosystem is most likely detritus-based, associated with a biomass dominated by bivalves, which could act as a dead end for a classic trophic food web since their consumption by top predators is low in comparison to their biomass. The systemic approach developed for DLT OWF site should be applied for other French and European installations of Offshore Wind Farm.

scholarly journals Improved Control Strategy of MMC–HVDC to Improve Frequency Support of AC System

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7282
Author(s):  
Zicong Zhang ◽  
Junghun Lee ◽  
Gilsoo Jang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Frequency Stability ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Inertial Response ◽  
Control Evaluation ◽  
The Impact

With the continuous development of power electronics technology, variable-speed offshore wind turbines that penetrated the grid system caused the problem of inertia reduction. This study investigates the frequency stability of synchronous, offshore wind-farm integration through a modular-multilevel-converter high-voltage direct-current (MMC–HVDC) transmission system. When full-scale converter wind turbines (type 4) penetrate the AC grid, the AC system debilitates, and it becomes difficult to maintain the AC system frequency stability. In this paper, we present an improved inertial-response-control method to solve this problem. The mathematical model of the synchronous generator is based on the swing equation and is theoretically derived by establishing a MMC–HVDC. Based on the above model, the inertia constant is analyzed using a model that integrates the MMC–HVDC and offshore synchronous generator. With the new improved control method, a more sensitive and accurate inertia index can be obtained using the formula related to the effective short-circuit ratio of the AC system. Moreover, it is advantageous to provide a more accurate inertial control evaluation for AC systems under various conditions. Furthermore, the impact of the MMC–HVDC on system safety is assessed based on the capacitor time constant. This simulation was implemented using the PSCAD/EMTDC platform.

Die Schifffahrtsfreiheit in der maritimen Raumplanung der Ausschließlichen Wirtschaftszone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian tho Pesch
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zone ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Coastal State ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
The Law ◽  
Maritime Spatial Planning

Offshore wind farms compete against other uses of the sea for space. Maritime spatial planning ought to resolve such conflicts. What role does the law of the sea play? In the exclusive economic zone, the rights of the coastal state and the rights of other states are of equal importance. How can a coastal state, that is applying maritime spatial planning, respect the rights of other states to comply with the requirements of the law of the sea? This study elaborates on the roots of today´s problems and develops solutions.

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