scholarly journals Developing and Applying a Model for Evaluating Risks Affecting Greening Existing Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6403
Author(s):  
Usama Issa ◽  
Ibrahim Sharaky ◽  
Mamdooh Alwetaishi ◽  
Ashraf Balabel ◽  
Amal Shamseldin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Aspect Social

Improving building performance through reducing negative environmental impacts can be achieved by greening existing buildings (GEB), which is considered a very important sustainability process. Due to the risky and uncertain nature of the process of GEB, a growing amount of attention should be given to eliminating the effects of risks on GEB. This research aims to identify most expected risk factors related to GEB, as well as to evaluate their effects through calculating risk factor characteristics, such as risk factor presence (RFP), impact on the GEB process (IGEB), and impact on building performance in the long run (IBP), as new indices describe these risks. Sixty-six risk factors were categorized in seven risk groups related to the economic aspect, social aspect, environmental aspect, managerial aspect, sustainability operation, sustainable design, and renovation. Moreover, a fuzzy model for risk analysis was developed to combine the multi-effects of the aforementioned three risk factor characteristics in one index representing the risk factors’ overall importance. The model was applied and verified for data collected in Saudi Arabia. The results of this study showed that the most important risk group is the greening process of environmental control, while the least important is the greening process of renovation and construction. Using the proposed model improved the results of evaluating risks affecting GEB through merging the multi-effects of risk factor characteristics. The results and analysis proved that the most important key risk factors were environmental in nature. An intricate relationship of the impacts on the GEB process and building performance with the overall importance of the risk factors was clearly found. The decision makers who deal with greening projects in Saudi Arabia should be aware of the key risks identified in this study. The proposed methodology and model can be easily applied to other countries to help decision makers in evaluating their GEB projects, as well as comparing more greening projects based on risk analysis.

scholarly journals Congenital anomalies and associated risk factors in a Saudi population: a cohort study from pregnancy to age 2 years

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e026351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M Kurdi ◽  
Muhammad Ali Majeed-Saidan ◽  
Maha S Al Rakaf ◽  
Amal M AlHashem ◽  
Lorenzo D Botto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Chromosomal Anomalies ◽  
Saudi Population ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Renal Malformations

ObjectiveTo assess the three key issues for congenital anomalies (CAs) prevention and care, namely, CA prevalence, risk factor prevalence and survival, in a longitudinal cohort in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.SettingTertiary care centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ParticipantsSaudi women enrolled during pregnancy over 3 years and their 28 646 eligible pregnancy outcomes (births, stillbirths and elective terminations of pregnancy for foetal anomalies). The nested case-control study evaluated the CA risk factor profile of the underlying cohort. All CA cases (1179) and unaffected controls (1262) were followed through age 2 years. Referred mothers because of foetal anomaly and mothers who delivered outside the study centre and their pregnancy outcome were excluded.Primary outcome measuresPrevalence and pattern of major CAs, frequency of CA-related risk factors and survival through age 2 years.ResultsThe birth prevalence of CAs was 412/10 000 births (95% CI 388.6 to 434.9), driven mainly by congenital heart disease (148 per 10 000) (95% CI 134 to 162), renal malformations (113, 95% CI 110 to 125), neural tube defects (19, 95% CI 25.3 to 38.3) and chromosomal anomalies (27, 95% CI 21 to 33). In this study, the burden of potentially modifiable risk factors included high rates of diabetes (7.3%, OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.12), maternal age >40 years (7.0%, OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.35 to 3.3), consanguinity (54.5%, OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.81). The mortality for live births with CAs at 2 years of age was 15.8%.ConclusionsThis study documented specific opportunities to improve primary prevention and care. Specifically, folic acid fortification (the neural tube defect prevalence was >3 times that theoretically achievable by optimal fortification), preconception diabetes screening and consanguinity-related counselling could have significant and broad health benefits in this cohort and arguably in the larger Saudi population.

scholarly journals Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013: A National Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charbel El Bcheraoui ◽  
Ziad A. Memish ◽  
Marwa Tuffaha ◽  
Farah Daoud ◽  
Margaret Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Borderline Hypertension ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Current data on hypertension in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are lacking. We conducted a national survey to inform decision-makers on the current magnitude of the epidemic. We measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 10,735 Saudis aged 15 years or older and interviewed them through a national multistage survey. We used multivariate logistic regressions to describe sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors of hypertensive, borderline hypertensive, and undiagnosed hypertensive Saudis. We found that 15.2% and 40.6% of Saudis were hypertensive or borderline hypertensive, respectively. Risk of hypertension increased among men, with age, obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. 57.8% of hypertensive Saudis were undiagnosed. These were more likely to be male, older, and diagnosed with diabetes. Among participants diagnosed with hypertension, 78.9% reported taking medication for their condition. About 45% of participants on medication for hypertension had their blood pressure controlled. The prevalence of hypertension and borderline hypertension is very high in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, control of hypertension is poor. With the majority of hypertensive Saudis being unaware of their condition, a national plan is needed to increase utilization of freely available screening, preventive, and medical services.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Secondary Post-Tonsillectomy Bleeding among Children in Saudi Arabia: Risk Factor Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556132094466
Author(s):  
Turki Aldrees ◽  
Abdullah Alzuwayed ◽  
Abdullah Majed ◽  
Abdulrhman Alzamil ◽  
Mohammed Almutairi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Peritonsillar Abscess ◽  
Recurrent Tonsillitis ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Background: Tonsillectomy is one of the most widely recognized surgeries for tonsillitis. It is the default surgery option for obstructive sleep apnea, recurrent tonsillitis, and recurrent peritonsillar abscess. However, there are limited risk factor analyses in Saudi Arabia related to tonsillectomy. The goal of study is to evaluate and analyze the risk factors for secondary post-tonsillectomy bleeding in Saudi Arabia. Method: This retrospective review study was directed at King Abdullah Specialized Children’s Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Univariate and multivariate investigations were performed to decide the risk factors. Results: A total of 713 children were included. Post-tonsillectomy bleeding occurred in only 5.3% of tonsillectomies. There was no seasonal variation impact on post-tonsillectomy bleeding rate ( P = .8). The multivariate analysis showed a significant association between post-tonsillectomy bleeding and both age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.156; 95% CI: 1.007-1.326; P = .039) and sleep disorder breathing/obstructive sleep apnea (OR = 3.581; 95% CI: 1.454-8.820; P = .006). Conclusion: This study revealed that age, sleep disorder/obstructive sleep apnea, and longer hospital stay after tonsillectomy are significant risk factors for post-tonsillectomy bleeding. This study provides an important baseline for further local studies in the future.

Analytical Hierarchy Process Applied to Risk Analysis of Deep Excavation

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 1646-1650
Author(s):  
Jiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Deep Excavation ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
Hierarchy Process

The application of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to the risk analysis of deep excavation was investigated. Firstly, the occurring probabilities of various risk factors during deep excavation were calculated. Secondly, the aftereffects of the risks were concluded by consulting the experts. Thirdly, the weight of each risk factor was obtained by AHP. Finally, the total risk of deep excavation could be evaluated by fuzzy complex evaluation. This risk analysis method was applied to evaluate the total risk of a real deep excavation, and the exemplification verified its feasibility.

scholarly journals Mental Health Outcomes Amongst Health Care Workers During COVID 19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Al Ammari ◽  
Khizra Sultana ◽  
Abin Thomas ◽  
Lolowa Al Swaidan ◽  
Nouf Al Harthi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Frontline Worker

Objectives: The study aimed to assess the mental health outcomes and associated factors among health care workers during COVID 19 in Saudi Arabia.Design, Setting, and Participants: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of health care workers from tertiary care and ministry of health Centers across the Central, Eastern, and Western regions of Saudi Arabia. There were 1,130 participants in the survey, and we collected demographic and mental health measurements from the participants.Primary Outcomes and Measures: The magnitude of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia was measured using the original version of 9-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), the 7-item generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7), and 7-item insomnia severity index (ISI). We use the multiple logistic regression analysis to identify the associated risk factors of individual outcomes.Results: The scores on the PHQ-9 showed that the largest proportion of health care workers (76.93%) experienced only normal to mild depression (50.83 and 26.1%, respectively). The scores on the GAD-7 showed that the largest proportion of health care workers (78.88%) experienced minimal to mild anxiety (50.41 and 28.47%, respectively). The scores on the ISI showed that the largest proportion of health care workers (85.83%) experienced absence to subthreshold insomnia (57.08 and 28.75%, respectively). The risk factors for depression in health care workers were Saudi, living with family, working from an isolated room at home and frontline worker. For anxiety, being female was risk factor and for insomnia, being frontline worker was risk factor.Conclusion: It was observed that the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia were reported in a lower proportion of health care workers in our study. The participants who were female, frontline workers, Saudi, living with family, and working from home in isolated rooms were predisposed to developing psychological disorders.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease risk factors in the community of the western region of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Alsafrani ◽  
A Abukhodair ◽  
O Khojah ◽  
E Jastania ◽  
R Alamri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Western Region ◽  
The Western Region

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of the risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) in the community of the Western Region, Saudi Arabia. Background CAD is a significant cause of mortality globally, particularly in developing countries, and predicted to increase significantly. The risk factors for CAD, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and smoking are increasingly prevalent, in addition to an increased prevalence of obesity. Design/Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a mall, using a consecutive sampling technique. Individuals were interviewed in terms of clinical signs and symptoms as well as the risk factors. The anthropometric measurements were done on site to identify asymptomatic risk factors. Results In total, 193 individuals participated in this study. The mean age of the sample was 36.3 ± 12.4 years, with 53% male. Smoking was the most frequent risk factor (36.1%), followed by dyslipidemia (22.5%), hypertension (16.6%), and diabetes mellitus (14.5%). Less than half (40%) of the sample participated in sport for one to two hours per week. Almost all consumed fast food at least once a week, and 16.6% consumed fast food more than four times a week. The average systolic blood pressure was 129.41± 22.5 mmHg and the average body mass index (BMI) 28.6 ± 9.5 kg/m2. Conclusion Dyslipidemia was the most prevalent risk factor, followed by hypertension and diabetes mellitus. These three risk factors are first in the risk factor pyramid in commonality, and preventative interventions are pivotal to decrease the incidence of cardiovascular disease. The consumption of fast food is relatively high with a low level of physical activity. Educating the community regarding measures to reduce the modifiable risk factors is foundational to avoid catastrophic results.

Hypertension in Saudi Arabia: Assessing Life Style and Attitudes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Bushra Elbashir ◽  
Msab Al-dkheel ◽  
Hamad Aldakheel ◽  
Naif Aruwished ◽  
Nasser Alodayani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Salty Food ◽  
Fatty Food ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Background: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet lowers blood pressure (BP) effectively. There is evidence that strongly supports the concept that lifestyle modification has powerful effect on BP. DASH diet includes increased physical activity, reduced salt intake, weight loss, increased potassium intake, and an overall healthy dietary pattern. This study assesses the knowledge and attitudes of Saudis in Riyadh City towards lifestyle and hypertension. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed using a questionnaire-based assessment tool, which included sociodemographic data, knowledge and lifestyle attitude with hypertension, such as dietary factors, stress, smoking, physical activities, diet-related diseases such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. Statistical analyses included frequency, percentile, and chi-square test. Results: Out of total 934 participants, 13.6% were hypertensive; 84.4% and 60.2% of participants believed eating salty food and fatty food, respectively, was risk factors for hypertension. Almost 65.8% of participants considered stress as a risk factor for the development of hypertension, whereas 77.0% considered smoking as a risk factor. The data showed that 87.5% considered obesity as a risk factor, and 73.8% considered reducing weight as a preventive measure for hypertension. Also, 68.8% believed that physical inactivity was a risk factor for hypertension. Data showed that 16.6 % ate vegetables and 23.1% ate fruits as recommended, whereas 18.8% and 18.4%, respectively, rarely ate vegetables and fruits. About 12.1% smoked and 19.7% exercised regularly, whereas 15.6% did not exercise at all. Traffic and examination were reported as stress factors by younger participants whereas older participants reported chronic diseases as stressors. Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The knowledge of the relationship between hypertension risk factors with eating salty food and fatty food was high, whereas knowledge of not eating vegetables and fruits as a risk factor for the development of hypertension was very low among the Saudis. Key words: • DASH • Hypertension • Life style • Knowledge • Saudi Arabia   Copyright © 2020 Elbashir et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

SUBCONTRACTING MANAGEMENT IN AN EPC PROJECT: A CASE STUDY OF DELAY RISKS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Puti Farida Tamin ◽  
Dian Perwitasari ◽  
Rizal Tamin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
Infrastructure Project ◽  
Qualitative Risk Analysis ◽  
Critical Project

Subcontracting was adopted in a major EPC power generating infrastructure project in South-Sumatera, Indonesia. The completion of this project, which was executed in the framework of the government’s alternative energy power generation acceleration endeavor, was delayed. This paper analyzes subcontracting management as the main cause of the delay. A data collecting survey, which included interviews with project respondents, was conducted in the objective to obtain their perception on delay risk caused by subcontracting management. A risk factor list was created based on this survey. A qualitative risk analysis was used to assess the risk extent. 18 risk factors with high and significant levels are presented. The list of risk factors in each of the EPC project’s phases was then used in analyzing the project’s completion delay. It is shown that the main contractor’s lack of experience in the work’s subcontracting management has caused miscommunications in engineering phase, tender process miscalculations, lack of procured materials and equipment quality, imperfect construction preparation, imperfect commissioning, and reworks. Construction was identified as the most critical project phase due to a relatively high number of subcontractors involved in the work and the complexity of the EPC project. The interaction of the whole factors finally caused project completion delay.

scholarly journals Periodontal Disease Status in a Population at Najran Province of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ahmed Zafer Alshabab ◽  
Monsour Heba Almakrami ◽  
Faisal Hassan Almilaq ◽  
Ibrahim Saleh Alhareth ◽  
Md. Zahid Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Common

Background: The common periodontal diseases are of public health concern, with 20-50 percent of the global population affected by gingivitis and or periodontitis. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the common periodontal diseases occurring among the patients who attended the College of Dentistry hospital of Najran University. And also, to determine the correlation among the age groups, nationalities and risk factors related to periodontal diseases. Methods: A retrospective hospital-based descriptive type study was performed, providing 352 records of male patients suffering from various types of periodontal diseases. The Centers for Disease Control and the American Academy of Periodontology (CDC-AAP) classification was used for periodontal diagnosis. Patients were grouped by age as group A (6-20 years), group B (21-40 years), group C (41-60 years) and group D (above 60 years). Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression model were adapted for data analyses. Results: Out of 352 patients, 217 (61%) and 135 (39%) patients suffered from gingivitis and periodontitis, respectively. Mean age of the patients was 32.81 ± 15.96 (range 6-97) years. Sixty-nine (19.6%), 200 (56.8%), 60 (17.0%) and 23 (6.5%) patients of Group A, B, C and D suffered from different forms of periodontal diseases, respectively. Eighty three percent patients were of Saudis and Yemenis and the rest were of Egyptian, Bangladeshi, Pakistani, Indian, Sudanese, Jordanian, Syrian, Chadian, Ghanaian and Tunisian nationalities. Highest number of patients suffered from moderate generalized gingivitis 142 (40.3%) and moderate localized periodontitis 57 (16.2%). Majority had plaque & calculus 290 (82.4%) and the rests had diabetes mellitus, smoking and tobacco chewing habit, asthma, hypertension and heart disease. Correlations among periodontal disease, age group and risk factor were found significant (p <0.05) though between the nationality and risk factor was found not significant (p 0.999). Conclusions: Significant relationships were observed among periodontal diseases and age, nationality and risk factors. This small study of Najran may reflect the periodontal status in a population of Saudi Arabia. Further broad scale study would be conclusive establishing such relationship in Saudi Arabian population.

Hemmkörperentwicklung bei Hämophilie-Patienten nach Präparate wechsel

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S39-S42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kocher ◽  
G. Asmelash ◽  
V. Makki ◽  
S. Müller ◽  
S. Krekeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Observation Period

SummaryThe retrospective observational study surveys the relationship between development of inhibitors in the treatment of haemophilia patients and risk factors such as changing FVIII products. A total of 119 patients were included in this study, 198 changes of FVIII products were evaluated. Results: During the observation period of 12 months none of the patients developed an inhibitor, which was temporally associated with a change of FVIII products. A frequent change of FVIII products didn’t lead to an increase in inhibitor risk. The change between plasmatic and recombinant preparations could not be confirmed as a risk factor. Furthermore, no correlation between treatment regimens, severity, patient age and comorbidities of the patients could be found.

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