scholarly journals Special Issue: “Urban Agriculture, Forestry and Green-Blue Infrastructure as “Re-Discovered Commons”: Bridging Urban-Rural Interface”

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5872
Author(s):  
Ryo Kohsaka ◽  
Yuta Uchiyama
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

This Special Issue re-explores research topics related to the relationships between urban and rural areas during the COVID-19 pandemic period in 2020 and beyond [...]

An Analysis of Consumption Pattern in Pakistan

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehana Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Total Expenditure ◽  
Demand Growth ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The paper aims at testing the validity of Engel's law with data on Pakistan. Consumption functions for urban and rural areas have been estimated separately. These functions are shown to be determined by total expenditure and household size. Engel's law is confirmed for some commodity groups but not for all. Following tests of urban-rural homogeneity and of stability of urban and rural consumption functions, demand growth rates for different food and non-food items have been calculated, assuming different growth rates of total expenditure and household size.

scholarly journals Delineation of the Urban-Rural Boundary through Data Fusion: Applications to Improve Urban and Rural Environments and Promote Intensive and Healthy Urban Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7180
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Xiaodie Yuan ◽  
Xueping Tan ◽  
Xue Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

As one of the most important methods for limiting urban sprawl, the accurate delineation of the urban–rural boundary not only promotes the intensive use of urban resources, but also helps to alleviate the urban issues caused by urban sprawl, realizing the intensive and healthy development of urban cities. Previous studies on delineating urban–rural boundaries were only based on the level of urban and rural development reflected by night-time light (NTL) data, ignoring the differences in the spatial development between urban and rural areas; so, the comprehensive consideration of NTL and point of interest (POI) data can help improve the accuracy of urban–rural boundary delineation. In this study, the NTL and POI data were fused using wavelet transform, and then the urban–rural boundary before and after data fusion was delineated by multiresolution segmentation. Finally, the delineation results were verified. The verification result shows that the accuracy of delineating the urban–rural boundary using only NTL data is 84.20%, and the Kappa value is 0.6549; the accuracy using the fusion of NTL and POI data on the basis of wavelet transform is 93.2%, and the Kappa value is 0.8132. Therefore, we concluded that the proposed method of using wavelet transform to fuse NTL and POI data considers the differences between urban and rural development, which significantly improves the accuracy of the delineation of urban–rural boundaries. Accurate delineation of urban–rural boundaries is helpful for optimizing internal spatial structure in both urban and rural areas, alleviating environmental problems resulting from urban development, assisting the formulation of development policies for urban and rural fringes, and promoting the intensive and healthy development of urban areas.

scholarly journals Association between Rural Land Use Transition and Urban–Rural Integration Development: From 2009 to 2018 Based on County-Level Data in Shandong Province, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1228
Author(s):  
Zhiheng Yang ◽  
Nengneng Shen ◽  
Yanbo Qu ◽  
Bailin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
County Level ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
Land Use Transition ◽  
Rural Land Use ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Integrated development in urban and rural areas has led to a new form of urban–rural interdependence, which promotes rural territorial functional evolution and land use changes. Rural land use transition, showing the synchronous development between cities and villages, is an important window through which to observe integrated development in urban and rural areas. We focus on uncovering the association between rural land use transition and urban–rural integration development (URID), put forward a dynamic relationship assumption between rural land use transformation and URID stages based on the transmission mechanism of urban–rural linkages, and undertake empirical analysis using the panel regression model with the data of county-level administrative units in Shandong Province, China. The results show that rural land use transition has maintained a close association with URID, and that the changes in cultivated land, forest land, and surface-water area are highly related to URID. There are different leading urban–rural linkages in rural areas around big-sized cities, mid-sized cities, and small-sized cities, which determine whether rural areas are in different URID stages of high, medium, or low levels. Further, rural areas can take different actions to promote URID at different stages through strengthening or introducing urban–rural linkages driven by economies of scale and deepening urbanization. This provides a reference for developing countries to formulate rural land use policies on achieving the goal of URID.

scholarly journals Decomposing Urban-rural Differences in Multimorbidity Among Older Adults in India: A Study Based on Lasi Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shekhar Chauhan ◽  
Shobhit Srivast ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Ratna Patel
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Ageing Study ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Background: Multimorbidity is defined as the co-occurrence of two or more than two diseases in the same person. With rising longevity, multimorbidity has become a prominent concern among the older population. Evidence from both developed and developing countries shows that older people are at much higher risk of multimorbidity, however, urban-rural differential remained scarce. Therefore, this study examines urban-rural differential in multimorbidity among older adults by decomposing the risk factors of multimorbidity and identifying the covariates that contributed to the change in multimorbidity.Methods: The study utilized information from 31,464 older adults (rural-20,725 and urban-10,739) aged 60 years and above from the recent release of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave 1 data. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate decomposition analysis techniques were used.Results: Overall, significant urban-rural differences were found in the prevalence of multimorbidity among older adults (difference: 16.3; p<0.001). Moreover, obese/overweight and high-risk waist circumference were found to narrow the difference in the prevalence of multimorbidity among older adults between urban and rural areas by 8% and 9.1%, respectively.Conclusion: There is a need to substantially increase the public sector investment in healthcare to address the multimorbidity among older adults, more so in urban areas, without compromising the needs of older adults in rural areas.

scholarly journals Demographic dynamics, urban-rural divides and the (changing) mother's age at birth in Greece: a regional analysis, 1980–2016

2018 ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Luca Salvati ◽  
Ilaria Zambon
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Fertility Trends ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Age At Birth

Being more sensitive to economic fluctuations, childbearing postponement increased during the second demographic transition and was accompanied by a moderate decline in the number of children per woman and the progressive rise of mother’s age at first birth. Under the hypothesis that recessions have a marked influence on population dynamics, the present study investigates spatial changes in mother’s age at birth in Greece with the aim to assess the differential impact of economic crisis along the urban-rural gradient. The percent composition of births by mother's age class – considered a gross indicator of fertility under a changing socioeconomic context – was studied at 4 spatial scales (the whole country, administrative regions, prefectures and metropolitan areas or specific economic districts) over an economic cycle from expansion to recession (1980–2016). While stimulating childbearing postponement observed since the early 1980s, empirical results of this study indicate that the 2007 recession was quite neutral on fertility trends in Greece, consolidating the traditional divide between urban and rural areas.

Współpraca gmin obwarzankowych na płaszczyźnie gospodarczej. Zarys problemu

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-259
Author(s):  
Lech Jańczuk
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Rural Municipality ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Rural Municipalities ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

There are “urban-rural municipalities” in Polish administration nomenclature. They are territorial units where urban and rural areas have one name and one local government. There are also urban and rural municipalities that have one name but different local governments. That neighborhood of municipalities in Polish may be described as “municipalities bagel”. The aim of this article was to investigate whether and to what extent the “municipalities bagel” cooperate (coordinate) the exercising public tasks on the economic level. The article attempts to verify the research hypothesis: in “municipalities bagel” there is a lack of coordination of the exercising public tasks”. The research method was a diagnostic survey in which the questionnaire was conducted. In December 2019, questionnaire forms were sent to all “municipalities bagel” in Poland. The results of the research indicated a lack of coordination in the performance of public tasks between “municipalities bagel”. The result is a reduction of the efficiency of performance of public duties in such municipalities. The “municipalities bagel” are functionally related areas. This link is characterized by the subordination of the interests of the rural municipality (especially economic). The development of bagel rural communes is determined by the development and cooperation with their urban counterparts.

Urban-Rural Synergy in Shrinking Regions Through Application of e-co Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 335-360
Author(s):  
Tijana M. Vujičić ◽  
Dijana Simonović
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Rural Urbanization ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Shrinking Regions ◽  
Northwest Region

Many regions worldwide are faced with the problem of shrinkage, manifested through demographic decline, economic loss, and perforation of the urban tissue. Starting from the assumption that the shrinking phenomenon is present in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the research deals with the diagnosis of the shrinking condition in urban and rural areas of the northwest region of the country. In the light of the shrinkage problems, the chapter defines a new alternative model—e-co—which should enable the recovery from the crisis and restore the vitality of the region. The chance for recovery is recognized in the processes of rural urbanization and urban ruralization, the integration of rural values and urban advantages, the modern globality, and traditional locality.

Rethinking China’s Rural Revitalization from a Historical Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 009614422095209
Author(s):  
Siu Wai Wong ◽  
Bo-sin Tang ◽  
Jinlong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Contemporary China ◽  
Chinese City ◽  
Rural Revitalization ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
New Type ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Rural revitalization calls for a new type of urban–rural relations in urbanizing China. Although the importance of urban–rural dichotomy has received increasing attention by scholars interested in studying urban development and governance in contemporary China, their interpretations about the connection between urban and rural areas remain fragmented and ambiguous. This article seeks to trace the origin of the Chinese city and its relations with the countryside in the imperial era. It generates a more complete understanding of the rural–urban relationship in the traditional Chinese society and to appeal for a more rounded research agenda for the Chinese urbanization based on a sound historical perspective. The findings of this study explain why and how the traditional urban–rural continuum has disappeared in contemporary China, and identifies the key lessons and wisdoms that we can borrow from the imperial era when we come to tackle the present urban–rural development.

scholarly journals Age sequences of the elderly’ social network and its efficacies on well-being: an urban-rural comparison in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Zheng ◽  
Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urban Elderly ◽  
Family Network ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Background Although social network is a known determinant of the elderly’s well-being, it is not clear, in urban-rural and age-comparison, what its structural characteristics are and how it works for well-being. The research aims to discuss the features of the elderly’s social network and the social network efficacies on the well-being of older adults in China’s urban and rural areas as well as revealing the urban-rural disparities among the elderly of different age groups. Methods In this study, descriptive statistical analysis and structural equation Modeling (SEM) were used to make a group comparison between the urban and rural elderly of different age groups. All data are quoted from 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS). The survey adopted the multi-stage probability sampling method, targeting Chinese senior citizens aged 60 and above, the ultimate samples totaled 11,511. Results The social network of the elderly in China feature a “reverse structure” in age sequences: with ageing, family network of the elderly expand while their friend network shrink; also, the expansion scale of the rural elderly’s family network is significantly larger than that of the city’s while the shrinkage scale of their friend network is smaller compared with its urban counterpart. The effect of family network on the rural elderly’s well-being shows a remarkable increase with age. However, there is no noticeable change in urban elderly groups of different ages. Conclusion The social network characteristics of the Chinese elderly are different between different age stages. Namely, the family network and the friend network have the “reverse structure “ in age sequences. Meanwhile, the family network and the friend network have different efficacies on the well-being of the elderly in China, and the differences between urban and rural areas are even more obvious. For rural elderly, family network has very important effects on their well-being. Moreover, With the increase of age, family network’s efficacies increase gradually. For urban elderly, comparatively, family network is just as important as friend network.

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