scholarly journals Spatial–Temporal Heterogeneity and the Related Influencing Factors of Tourism Efficiency in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5825
Author(s):  
Zhiliang Liu ◽  
Chengpeng Lu ◽  
Jinhuang Mao ◽  
Dongqi Sun ◽  
Hengji Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
Low Efficiency

Tourism efficiency is an effective index of measuring the development quality of the tourism industry. In this study, the tourism efficiency of 30 provinces in China during the period from 2006 to 2018 was measured with the SBM model and Malmquist index. On the basis of ESDA and GWR models, we explored the spatial pattern of China’s tourism efficiency and the spatial heterogeneity of the influencing factors in depth. The results revealed that China’s tourism efficiency has been constantly enhanced with an increasingly balanced pattern. Meanwhile, the utilization degrees of various input factors have constantly been improving. Both technological efficiency and technological progress jointly promote rapid growth of total-factor productivity. Accompanied with constant enhancement of the spatial agglomeration effect, the local spatial pattern also showed obvious differentiation. In general, low-efficiency regions were mainly concentrated in northern China, while high-efficiency regions were concentrated in southern China. The distinct spatial–temporal differentiation characteristics of tourist economic efficiency can be attributed to different influencing strengths of various factors in various regions and different action tendencies. The level of economic development, traffic conditions, the professional level of tourism, and openness degree can significantly promote tourism efficiency. Tourism resource endowment and environmental cost impose slight effects and differ in action direction, thereby inhibiting the tourism efficiency of many regions.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Difference Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Tourism Urbanization in China’s Major Tourist Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10414
Author(s):  
Xia Xie ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Feifei Chen ◽  
Chunshan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Correlation Pattern ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
Tourism Urbanization

Tourism is crucial for promoting industrial development and is an important driver of China’s new type of urbanization. A tourism urbanization index system was constructed in three dimensions: the tourism industry, urbanization, and the ecological environment. The spatial–temporal differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of tourism urbanization in 35 major tourist cities in China from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed using the state space method, standard deviation ellipse, and spatial autocorrelation analysis. The results show the following. (1) Over time, the tourism industry index displays an upward trend, the urbanization index exhibits a more obvious upward trend, and the ecological environment index fluctuates strongly. Under the influence of all three factors, the tourism urbanization index shows a fluctuating rising trend. (2) Regarding the spatial distribution pattern, the development center of tourism urbanization shifts to the southeast, and the distribution direction is northeast-southwest. There is a significant agglomeration in global spatial autocorrelation. The local spatial correlation pattern is dominated by correlation characteristics and supplemented by different characteristics. (3) In terms of influencing factors, policy and regional development strategy, tourism resource endowment, economic development level, and traffic conditions are listed in descending order of influencing degree. Finally, we put forward some suggestions.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Carbon Emissions Efficiency of the Logistics Industry Based on a Super-SBM Model and the Malmquist Index from a Strong Transportation Strategy Perspective in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8459
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Jiang ◽  
Jianxiao Ma ◽  
Huizhe Zhu ◽  
Xiucheng Guo ◽  
Zhaoguo Huang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
Sbm Model ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Emission Growth ◽  
Second Category

Carbon emissions from the logistics industry have been rising year after year. Correct handling of the relationship between economic development and environmental protection is of great significance to the implementation of green logistics, which is an important component of China’s strategy for strong transportation. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the carbon emissions efficiency of logistics industry from a new strong transportation strategy perspective. A super-efficiency slack-based measurement (Super-SBM) model and Malmquist index are combined to evaluate the static and dynamic carbon emissions efficiency of the logistics industry. The results indicate that compared with the SBM model, the Super-SBM model can more effectively measure the carbon emissions efficiency of the logistics industry. Pilot regions for the strong transportation strategy were divided into two categories, namely regions with slow carbon emission growth rates but high efficiency, and regions with high carbon emission growth rates but low efficiency. Some policy recommendations from the strong transportation strategy perspective were proposed to improve the carbon emissions efficiency of the logistics industry, especially for the second category of pilot regions. This study is expected to provide a basis for decision-making for efficient emissions reduction measures and policies, and to encourage the pilot regions to take the lead in achieving the goal of China’s strategy for transportation.

scholarly journals Study on the Temporal and Spatial Differentiation of Provincial Tourism Efficiency in Eastern China and Influencing Factors

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Huadi Wang ◽  
Shaogui Xu ◽  
Qiuyi Xie ◽  
Jianying Fan ◽  
Nianxing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Tourism efficiency can be used to effectively measure the utilization of regional tourism resources and the state of tourism economic development. Based on the super efficiency DEA model, Malmquist index, and spatial econometric model, this article measures the static and dynamic tourism efficiency of 11 provinces and cities in eastern China for 2010 to 2019. In combining ArcGIS 10.0 and MATLAB 2016b software, this article studies the temporal and spatial differentiation of tourism efficiency in eastern provinces and cities and influencing factors. The results show that (1) the overall tourism efficiency of eastern provinces is at a high level and relatively stable, but the regional distribution is quite varied, and problems of spatial imbalance are prominent; (2) the overall tourism efficiency of eastern provinces is increasing, and the change index of technical efficiency contributes the most, followed by the change index of scale efficiency; and (3) industrial status, traffic conditions, tourism resource endowment, and the labour force are the main factors affecting the temporal and spatial differentiation of tourism efficiency in eastern provinces and cities, while the level of economic development and information technology have no significant impact.

scholarly journals Measurement and Analysis of Urban Total Factor Energy Efficiency in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Feifei Lu ◽  
Yinling Lu ◽  
Na Lei
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Central China ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Low Efficiency

The improvement of urban energy efficiency is of great significance to reduce carbon emissions and achieve China’s goal of carbon peak in 2030. Taking 266 cities as the research objects, the energy efficiency of each city is measured by Super-SBM model. Then the energy efficiency is decomposed by Malmquist index. The results show that: In 2006, the number of cities in high-efficiency areas is small and high efficiency areas are mostly distributed in the northeast and southeast coastal areas. There was a phenomenon of low efficiency areas agglomeration. But in 2017, the number of high-efficiency cities increased significantly. The number of high-efficiency cities in Northeast China increased, the number of high-efficiency cities in Southeast coastal areas decreased, and the number of high-efficiency cities in Central China increased and showed a phenomenon of agglomeration of high-efficiency areas or relatively high efficiency areas. According to the decomposition of urban energy efficiency, technological progress is the main driving force for the improvement of energy efficiency, and the decline of technical efficiency inhibits the improvement of energy efficiency in various cities.

Measurement of City Clusters’ Economic Growth Effects and Analysis of the Influencing Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050006
Author(s):  
Jing HAN ◽  
Ming GAO ◽  
Yawen SUN
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Southern China ◽  
National Level ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
Dynamic Panel Model ◽  
Growth Effects ◽  
City Cluster ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Based on the panel data of 202 prefecture-level cities within 14 national-level city clusters in China from 2007 to 2016, we established a dynamic panel model to measure the economic growth effects of city clusters and analyzed the main influencing factors. The results show that: (i) Technology has a significant impact on the economic growth of city clusters; the narrowing development gap between regions can help city clusters produce good economic growth effects; the city clusters, if more agglomerated, can help better utilize factors, and thus promote coordinated regional development. (ii) City clusters with multiple central cities boast a stronger engine of economic growth, and the impacts of factors such as technology and clustering degree on their economic growth are more noticeable. (iii) Geographical factors will also affect city clusters’ economic growth. The economic growth of city clusters in Southern China has been more strongly powered by the factors such as technology, clustering degree and human capital than those in Northern China. From the spatial perspective and by using the threshold panel method, we further explored the mechanisms with which the central cities within a city cluster can influence economic growth depending on their accessibility. The results manifest that the more accessible the central cities within a city cluster are, the stronger role they can play in leading and driving the economic growth of surrounding areas. In the future, it is important to promote the transformation of single-core and dual-core city clusters into multi-core city clusters, and give full play to the role of central cities in leading the development of surrounding areas. It is also necessary to vigorously develop technology and transportation to further facilitate the high-quality growth of city clusters.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study on the Efficiency and Influencing Factors of the Photovoltaic Industry in China and an Analysis of Its Influencing Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai ◽  
Liang ◽  
Tang ◽  
Wang ◽  
Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Industrial Efficiency ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Countermeasures And Suggestions

The photovoltaic (PV) industry in China is still in the early stage of development and is extremely unbalanced; breakthroughs in key technologies are necessary. To achieve high efficiency and sustainable development, it is important to identify the bottleneck of the whole industry chain through the analysis of overall industrial technical efficiency. Based on the current situation of the PV industry, this study builds the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to respectively evaluate the efficiency of PV devices and power generation in the PV industrial chain. The Tobit model is used to conduct an empirical analysis of the factors affecting the efficiency of the PV industry. The results show that the industrial efficiency of PV devices is at a medium level and that it is necessary to strengthen regulation and awareness at the industrial scale. However, the PV power generation industry as a whole is at a low efficiency level, especially the inadequate technical level, which has a negative impact on the improvement of industrial efficiency. Finally, countermeasures and suggestions at the enterprise and government level are put forward to improve the efficiency of the PV industry in China.

scholarly journals Serum pepsinogen levels in different regions of China and its influencing factors: a multicenter cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuling Tong ◽  
Hongguang Wang ◽  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Xueqiang He ◽  
Hongwei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Serum Pepsinogen ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to investigate the difference of serum pepsinogen (PG) baseline levels in different regions of China and its influencing factors. Methods From October 2016 to October 2018, asymptomatic health checkup people who underwent nasal endoscopy in nine health management centers in different regions of China were collected. Lifestyle questionnaires were conducted, and serum PG and gastroscopy were performed. The differences in PG levels in baseline population (OLGA-0 grade) were studied according to geographical subregions of China. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results 1922 patients were included in the final analysis. Compared with the non-atrophy (OLGA-0) group, PGR levels in atrophy group (OLGA-I to IV) were significantly decreased with the atrophy degree (p < 0.05). A total of 1590 baseline people (OLGA-0) were included in the study, including 254 from South China, 574 from East China, 210 from Southwest China, 332 from Northeast China, and 220 from Central/Northern China. There were significant differences in baseline PGI levels among the five regions (p < 0.05). The PGII levels were also different among the five regions, except for Central/Northern versus Southern China. PGR (PGI/PGII ratio) levels in Southern China were higher than other four regions. Further studies were conducted on the related factors that might affect the baseline PG level, which was affected by nationality, dietary habits, smoking, Helicobacter pylori infection and other related factors. Conclusion Influenced by many factors, the baseline PG levels are different in different regions of China. In the follow-up studies of PG cut-off value, different PG cut-off value based on region may be more effective in the screening of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions in China.

scholarly journals CHROMOSOMAL BASIS OF THE MEROZYGOSITY IN A PARTIALLY DIPLOID MUTANT OF PNEUMOCOCCUS

Genetics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-678
Author(s):  
Mary Lee S Ledbetter ◽  
Rollin D Hotchkiss
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Chromosomal Marker ◽  
Structural Abnormality ◽  
C Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Chromosomal Locus ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Derivatives Of

ABSTRACT A sulfonamide-resistant mutant of pneumococcus, sulr-c, displays a genetic instability, regularly segregating to wild type. DNA extracts of derivatives of the strain possess transforming activities for both the mutant and wild-type alleles, establishing that the strain is a partial diploid. The linkage of sulr-c to strr-61, a stable chromosomal marker, was established, thus defining a chromosomal locus for sulr-c. DNA isolated from sulr-c cells transforms two mutant recipient strains at the same low efficiency as it does a wild-type recipient, although the mutant property of these strains makes them capable of integrating classical "low-efficiency" donor markers equally as efficiently as "high efficiency" markers. Hence sulr-c must have a different basis for its low efficiency than do classical low efficiency point mutations. We suggest that the DNA in the region of the sulr-c mutation has a structural abnormality which leads both to its frequent segregation during growth and its difficulty in efficiently mediating genetic transformation.

scholarly journals A Brief Review on Solvent-Free Synthesis of Zeolites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Jinlin Mei ◽  
Aijun Duan ◽  
Xilong Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Control Synthesis ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Wastewater Pollution ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Solvent Free Synthesis

The traditional hydrothermal method to prepare zeolite will inevitably use a large amount of water as a solvent, which will lead to higher autogenous pressure, low efficiency, and wastewater pollution. The solvent-free method can be used to synthesize various types of zeolites by mechanical mixing, grinding, and heating of solid raw materials, which exhibits the apparent advantages of high yield, low pollution, and high efficiency. This review mainly introduces the development process of solvent-free synthesis, preparation of hierarchical zeolite, morphology control, synthesis mechanism and applications of solvent-free methods. It can be believed that solvent-free methods will become a research focus and have enormous industrial application potential.

Spatial variation of East Asian winter monsoon evolution between northern and southern China since the last glacial maximum

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Qin Li ◽  
Haibin Wu ◽  
Jun Cheng ◽  
Shuya Zhu ◽  
Chunxia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asian Winter Monsoon ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Winter Monsoon ◽  
Asian Winter Monsoon ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract The East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) is one of the most dynamic components of the global climate system. Although poorly understood, knowledge of long-term spatial differences in EAWM variability during the glacial–interglacial cycles is important for understanding the dynamic processes of the EAWM. We reconstructed the spatiotemporal characteristics of the EAWM since the last glacial maximum (LGM) using a comparison of proxy records and long-term transient simulations. A loess grain-size record from northern China (a sensitive EAWM proxy) and the sea surface temperature gradient of an EAWM index in sediments of the southern South China Sea were compared. The data–model comparison indicates pronounced spatial differences in EAWM evolution, with a weakened EAWM since the LGM in northern China but a strengthened EAWM from the LGM to the early Holocene, followed by a weakening trend, in southern China. The model results suggest that variations in the EAWM in northern China were driven mainly by changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, whereas orbital insolation and ice sheets were important drivers in southern China. We propose that the relative importance of insolation, ice sheets, and atmospheric CO2 for EAWM evolution varied spatially within East Asia.

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