scholarly journals Spatial Heterogeneity and Complexity of the Impact of Extreme Climate on Vegetation in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5748
Author(s):  
Shuang Li ◽  
Feili Wei ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Jiashu Shen ◽  
Ze Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Compound Type ◽  
The Impact

The impact of extreme climate on natural ecosystems and socioeconomic systems is more serious than that of the climate’s mean state. Based on the data of 1698 meteorological stations in China from 2001 to 2018, this study calculated the 27 extreme climate indices of the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). Through correlation analysis and collinearity diagnostics, we selected two representative extreme temperature indices and three extreme precipitation indices. The spatial scale of the impact of extreme climate on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in China during the growing season from 2001 to 2018 was quantitatively analyzed, and the complexity of the dominant factors in different regions was discussed via clustering analysis. The research results show that extreme climate indices have a scale effect on vegetation. There are spatial heterogeneities in the impacts of different extreme climate indices on vegetation, and these impacts varied between the local, regional and national scales. The relationship between the maximum length of a dry spell (CDD) and NDVI was the most spatially nonstationary, and mostly occurred on the local scale, while the effect of annual total precipitation when the daily precipitation amount was more than the 95th percentile (R95pTOT) showed the greatest spatial stability, and mainly manifested at the national scale. Under the current extreme climate conditions, extreme precipitation promotes vegetation growth, while the influence of extreme temperature is more complicated. As regards intensity and range, the impact of extreme climate on NDVI in China over the past 18 years can be categorized into five types: the humidity-promoting type, the cold-promoting and drought-inhibiting compound type, the drought-inhibiting type, the heat-promoting and drought-inhibiting compound type, and the heat-promoting and humidity-promoting compound type. Drought is the greatest threat to vegetation associated with extreme climate in China.

scholarly journals Changes in extreme climate indices in Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Slobodan Gnjato ◽  
Tatjana Popov ◽  
Marko Ivanisevic ◽  
Goran Trbic
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Indices ◽  
Precipitation Indices ◽  
Temperature Indices

The study analyzes trends in extreme climate indices in Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Based on daily maximum temperatures, daily minimum temperatures and daily precipitation during the 1961-2016 periods, a set of 27 indices recommended by the CCl/CLIVAR Expert Team for Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) was calculated in the RClimDex (1.0) software. Given the results, the extreme temperature indices displayed a warming tendency throughout the year (most prominent in summer). The positive trends in warm temperature indices were stronger than the downward trends in cold ones. The highest trend values were estimated for TXx, TNx, TX90p, TN90p, WSDI, SU25 and SU30. The extreme precipitation indices displayed trends mixed in sign (annually and seasonally), but all statistically insignificant. However, upward trends in R99p, RX1day, RX5day, SDII, R10mm and R20mm suggest an increase in the magnitude and frequency of intense precipitation events. Moreover, significant changes in distribution of majority temperature indices were determined, whereas shifts in precipitation indices were mostly insignificant. The observed changes in extreme temperature indices are related with large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns (primarily the East-Atlantic pattern) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. The negative correlation with the North Atlantic Oscillation, the East Atlantic/West Russia pattern and the Arctic Oscillation is found for majority of extreme precipitation indices.

scholarly journals Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variability in Extreme Climate and Potential Driving Factors on the Yunnan Plateau (Southwest China) during 1960–2019

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1136
Author(s):  
Wenbo Yan ◽  
Yunling He ◽  
Ya Cai ◽  
Xilin Cui ◽  
Xinxing Qu
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Indices ◽  
Precipitation Indices ◽  
Temperature Indices

Global warming is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events around the world. The extreme climate in plateau and mountainous areas is sensitive and fragile. Based on the software Rclimdex 1.0, the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of 27 extreme climate indices at 120 meteorological stations were calculated in Yunnan from 1960 to 2019. The results show that the extreme temperature is rising, and the warming rate at night is higher than that in the daytime. It showed a trend of warming and drying, and precipitation was concentrated into more intense bursts. Extreme temperature cold indices (TX10p, TN10p, FD0, ID0, and CSDI) were negatively correlated with extreme precipitation indices (R × 5day, PRCPTOT, R10 mm, R20 mm, and R25 mm). Extreme temperature warmth indices (TX90p and TN90p) were positively correlated with extreme precipitation indices (R × 5day, CWD, PRCPTOT, R10 mm, R20 mm, and R25 mm). The change rate of extreme temperature does not increase linearly with altitude. The increase in middle-altitude and high-altitude areas is higher than that in low-altitude areas. Compared with ENSO and AO, NAO is a vital circulation pattern affecting the extreme climate in Yunnan. The influence of NAO on Yunnan’s extreme climate indices is most significant in the current month and the second month that follows. NAO was negatively correlated with extreme temperature warm indices (TN90p, TX90p, SU25, and TR20). NAO positively correlates with the extreme cold temperature indices (TN10p and TX10p). Except that ENSO has a significant effect on CDD, the effect of the general circulation patterns on the extreme temperature indices was more significant than that on the extreme precipitation indices in Yunnan. The results of this study are helpful to further understand and predict the characteristics of extreme climatic events and the factors affecting their geographical locations and atmospheric circulation patterns in Yunnan.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of climate change on extreme temperature and precipitation events over the Kashmir Himalaya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafkat Ahsan ◽  
M. Sultan Bhat ◽  
Akhtar Alam ◽  
Hakim Farooq ◽  
Hilal Ahmad Shiekh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Kashmir Himalaya ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe frequency and severity of climatic extremes is expected to escalate in the future primarily because of the increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. This study aims to assess the impact of climate change on the extreme temperature and precipitation scenarios using climate indices in the Kashmir Himalaya. The analysis has been carried out for the twenty-first century under different representative concentration pathways (RCPs) through the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) and ClimPACT2. The simulation reveals that the climate in the region will get progressively warmer in the future by increments of 0.36–1.48 °C and 0.65–1.07 °C in mean maximum and minimum temperatures respectively, during 2080s (2071–2100) relative to 1980–2010 under RCP8.5. The annual precipitation is likely to decrease by a maximum of 2.09–6.61% (2080s) under RCP8.5. The seasonal distribution of precipitation is expected to alter significantly with winter, spring, and summer seasons marking reductions of 9%, 5.7%, and 1.7%, respectively during 2080s under RCP8.5. The results of extreme climate evaluation show significant increasing trends for warm temperature-based indices and decreasing trends for cold temperature-based indices. Precipitation indices on the other hand show weaker and spatially incoherent trends with a general tendency towards dry regimes. The projected scenarios of extreme climate indices may result in large-scale adverse impacts on the environment and ecological resource base of the Kashmir Himalaya.

Climate-forced changes of bio-productivity of Belorussian terrestrial ecosystems

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
S. A. Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Trend ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Current Century ◽  
The Impact

The spatial and temporal particularities of Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) changes over territory of Belarus in the current century and their relationship with climate change were investigated. The rise of NDVI is observed at approximately 84% of the Belarus area. The statistically significant growth of NDVI has exhibited at nearly 35% of the studied area (t-test at 95% confidence interval), which are mainly forests and undeveloped areas. Croplands vegetation index is largely descending. The main factor of croplands bio-productivity interannual variability is precipitation amount in vegetation period. This factor determines more than 60% of the croplands NDVI dispersion. The long-term changes of NDVI could be explained by combination of two factors: photosynthesis intensifying action of carbon dioxide and vegetation growth suppressing action of air warming with almost unchanged precipitation amount. If the observed climatic trend continues the croplands bio-productivity in many Belarus regions could be decreased at more than 20% in comparison with 2000 year. The impact of climate change on the bio-productivity of undeveloped lands is only slightly noticed on the background of its growth in conditions of rising level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Extreme Weather Impact on Precipitable Water Vapor and Vegetation Growth—A Case Study in Zhejiang China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3576
Author(s):  
Si Xiong ◽  
Fei Guo ◽  
Qingzhi Zhao ◽  
Liangke Huang ◽  
Lin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Precipitable Water Vapor ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Extreme Climate

Zhejiang province in China experienced an extreme climate phenomenon in August 2014 with temperature rises, sunshine duration decreases, and precipitation increases, particularly, the successive heavy rainfall events occurring from 16 to 20 August 2014 that contributed to this climate anomaly. This study investigates the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of precipitable water vapor (PWV) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) associated with this phenomenon. Multiple sources of PWV values derived from the Global Positioning System (GPS), Radiosonde (RS) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim data are used with different spatiotemporal resolutions. The monthly averaged PWV in August 2014 exceeded the 95% percentiles of climatological value (53 mm) while the monthly averaged temperature was less than the 5% percentiles of climatological value (26.6 °C). Before the extreme precipitation, the PWV increased from the yearly averaged value of about 35 mm to more than 60 mm and gradually returned to the August climatological average of 50 mm after the precipitation ended. A large-scale atmospheric water vapor was partially conveyed by the warm wet air current of anticyclones which originated over the South China Sea (25° N, 130° E) and the Western Pacific Ocean. The monthly NDVI variation over the past 34 years (1982–2015) was investigated in this paper and the significant impact of extreme climate on vegetation growth in August 2014 was found. The extreme negative temperature anomaly and positive PWV anomaly are the major climate-driven factors affecting vegetation growth in the north and south of Zhejiang province with correlation coefficients of 0.83 and 0.72, respectively, while the extreme precipitation does not show any apparent impact on NDVI.

scholarly journals Application of Remote Sensing on El Niño Extreme Effect in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Ricky Anak Kemarau ◽  
Oliver Valentine Eboy
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Water Index ◽  
The Impact

The years 1997/1998 and 2015/2016 saw the worst El Niño occurrence in human history. The occurrence of El Niño causes extreme temperature events which are higher than usual, drought and prolonged drought. The incident caused a decline in the ability of plants in carrying out the process of photosynthesis. This causes the carbon dioxide content to be higher than normal. Studies on the effects of El Niño and its degree of strength are still under-studied especially by researchers in the tropics. This study uses remote sensing technology that can provide spatial information. The first step of remote sensing data needs to go through the pre-process before building the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) maps. Next this study will identify the relationship between Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) with Application Remote Sensing in The Study Of El Niño Extreme Effect 1997/1998 and 2015/2016 On Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)NDWI and NDWI landscape indices. Next will make a comparison, statistical and spatial information space between NDWI and NDVI for each year 1997/1998 and 2015/2016. This study is very important in providing spatial information to those responsible in preparing measures in reducing the impact of El Niño.

scholarly journals Vegetation Dynamics and Diverse Responses to Extreme Climate Events in Different Vegetation Types of Inner Mongolia

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Na ◽  
Risu Na ◽  
Jiquan Zhang ◽  
Siqin Tong ◽  
Yin Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Indices ◽  
Precipitation Indices ◽  
The Relationship

As the global climate has changed, studies on the relationship between vegetation and climate have become crucial. We analyzed the long-term vegetation dynamics and diverse responses to extreme climate changes in Inner Mongolia, based on long-term Global Inventory Monitoring and Modelling Studies (GIMMS) NDVI3g datasets, as well as the eight extreme precipitation indices and six extreme temperature indices that are highly correlated with the occurrence of droughts or floods, heat or cold temperature disasters, and vegetation growth in Inner Mongolia. These datasets were analyzed using linear regression analysis, the Hurst exponent index, residual analysis, and the Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed the following: (1) The vegetation dynamical changes exhibited trends of improvement during 1982 to 2015, and 68% of the vegetation growth changes in Inner Mongolia can be explained by climate changes. (2) The extreme precipitation indices exhibited a slight change, except for the annual total wet–day precipitation (PRCPTOT). The occurrence of extreme cold temperatures showed a significant decline, while the occurrence of extreme warm temperatures showed an upward trend in Inner Mongolia. (3) The typical steppe, desert steppe, and forest steppe regions are more sensitive to extreme large precipitation, and the forest regions are more sensitive to extreme warm temperatures. (4) Extreme precipitation exhibits a one-month lagged effect on vegetation that is larger than the same-month effects on the grassland system. Extreme temperature exhibits same-month effects on vegetation, which are larger than the one-month lagged effects on the forest system. Therefore, studies of the relationship between extreme climate indices and vegetation are important for performing risk assessments of droughts, floods, and other related natural disasters.

scholarly journals PROYEKSI CURAH HUJAN DAN SUHU UDARA EKSTRIM MASA DEPAN PERIODE TAHUN 2021-2050 KOTA BANJARBARU KALIMANTAN SELATAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Presli Panusunan Simanjuntak ◽  
Annisa Dwi Nopiyanti ◽  
Agus Safril
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Rainfall Projection

Peningkatan konsentrasi gas rumah kaca telah menyebabkan perubahan pada kejadian iklim ekstrim. Penelitian ini menggunakan skenario RCP 4.5 sebagai skenario perubahaan iklim masa mendatang untuk mengetahui tren indeks suhu dan curah hujan ekstrim periode 2021-2050 di Kota Banjarbaru. Data suhu maksimum, suhu minimum dan curah hujan harian hasil proyeksi tahun 2021-2050 diolah dengan Software RClimDex sehingga didapatkan data indeks temperatur dan hujan ekstrim. Indeks-indeks tersebut merupakan indeks iklim ekstrim yang ditetapkan oleh ETCCDMI yang terdiri atas TN90p, , TX90p, TNn, TNx, TXn, TXx, TMAXmean, TMINmean, RX1day, RX5day, SDII, CDD dan CWD. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa diproyeksikan pada 2020-2050 tren suhu udara akan meningkat signifikan di kota Banjarbaru terutama suhu udara minimum selanjutnya pola prespitasi juga mengalami peningkatan terutama akumulasi curah hujan 5 hari berturut-turut. Meningkatknya jumlah hari kering dan berkurangnya jumlah hari basah, serta semakin tinggi akumulasi curah hujan harian namun hari basah yang sedikit akan menghasilkan curah hujan harian yang tinggi (ekstrim) setiap kejadian hari basah. Kata kunci: banjarbaru, curah hujan, ekstrim, suhu. ABSTRACT  Increased concentrations of greenhouse gases have caused changes in extreme climate events. This study uses the RCP 4.5 scenario as a future climate change scenario to determine the temperature index and extreme rainfall trends in the 2021-2050 period in Banjarbaru. Data of maximum temperature, minimum temperature and daily rainfall projection results in 2021-2050 are processed with RClimDex Software so that the temperature and extreme rain index data are obtained. The indices are extreme climate indices determined by ETCCDMI consisting of TN90p, TX90p, TNn, TNx, TXn, TXx, TMAXmean, TMINmean, RX1day, RX5day, SDII, CDD and CWD. The results of this study indicate that it is projected that in 2020-2050 air temperature trends will increase significantly in the city of Banjarbaru especially the minimum air temperature then the pattern of prespitations will also increase especially the accumulation of rainfall for 5 consecutive days. Increasing the number of dry days and decreasing the number of wet days, as well as the higher accumulation of daily rainfall but a small wet day will produce high daily rainfall (extreme) every event of a wet day. Keywords: banjarbaru, extreme, temperature, rainfall.

scholarly journals Evolution Des Indices Pluviométriques Extrêmes Par L'analyse De Modèles Climatiques Régionaux Du Programme CORDEX: Les Projections Climatiques Sur Le Sénégal

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alioune Badara Sarr ◽  
Moctar Camara
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Western Sahel ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Sahel Region ◽  
Spell Length

This study aims at characterizing the extreme rainfall events over West Africa particularly in the Sahel region and Senegal by 2100 (far future) under the greenhouse gas emission scenario RCP8.5 by analyzing the simulations of four (4) regional climate models (RCMs) of CORDEX (Regional COordinated climate Downscaling Experiment) program. The study of these extreme climate indices is crucial for the understanding of the impacts of climate change on some vital socio-economic sectors such as the agriculture in Sahel and Senegal. The results show that almost all the RCMs predict a decrease of the rainfall over most parts of the Sahel region particularly over the Western Sahel. The analysis of the climate indices such as the highest one day precipitation amount, the 99th percentile and the maximum dry spell length (CDD) shows that the RCMs (except CanRCM4) project an increase of these exceptional rainfall events over the Sahel (especially over the Western Sahel) by 2100. In Senegal, the RCMs (except RCA4) agree on a decrease of the precipitation and the number of wet days by 2100. When considering the evolution of rainfall events intensity, the highest one day precipitation amount and the 99th percentile, the RCMs (except CanRCM4) predict an increase of the extreme events which may translate into strong floods in Senegal. As for the dry and wet sequences, the RCMs projections (except those of RCA4) show an increase (respectively a decrease) of the maximum dry spell length (respectively of the maximum wet spell length) in Senegal. This increase in extreme rainfall indices may translate into a strengthening of natural disasters such as floods and drought. This work can be considered as a support for the policymakers in West Africa and particularly in Senegal for the better long-term planning of water resources and disaster management as wells as the build of a resilient agricultural system.

scholarly journals The Midsummer Dry Spell’s Impact on Vegetation in Jamaica

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1590-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore L. Allen ◽  
Scott Curtis ◽  
Douglas W. Gamble
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Rainfall Reduction ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The annual rainfall pattern of the intra-Americas sea reveals a bimodal feature with a minimum during the midsummer known as the midsummer dry spell (MSD). A first attempt is made to examine the impact of the MSD on vegetation through a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) analysis in Jamaica. Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission rainfall estimates and NDVI derived from the Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer highlight a consistent MSD feature in both rainfall and vegetative vigor. Spatial variation of this MSD NDVI response is evident throughout Jamaica, with the strongest relationship between the rainfall reduction and NDVI decline throughout the southern portions of Jamaica including the area of major domestic food production. In all years except 2005 there is a notable reduction from early-summer NDVI to midsummer NDVI in this agricultural region. However, the lagged vegetative response undergoes clear interannual variation and is affected by other forcings besides rainfall, such as brush fires and extreme wind.

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