scholarly journals Built Environment Factors Influencing Prevalence of Hypertension at Community Level in China: The Case of Wuhan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5580
Author(s):  
Hongjie Xie ◽  
Qiankun Wang ◽  
Xilin Zhou ◽  
Yiping Yang ◽  
Yuwei Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Central China ◽  
Significant Other ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Epidemiological Database

This paper studies the correlation between built environment factors and the prevalence of hypertension in Wuhan, a typical city in central China. Data were obtained from a regional epidemiological database, which is the 2015 Epidemiological Survey of people under 65 years in 144 communities. The prevalence of hypertension was analyzed in five components based on the WHO framework (land use, transport, accessibility, green space, and socioeconomic status). Results indicated built environment factors have significant correlations with the prevalence of hypertension (p < 0.01). The road network density, gymnasium cost, income, medical facilities cost, walkability index, and land use mix (LUM) were statistically significant. Other indicators did not pass the significance test. The spatial models fit better than the multivariate linear model.

Evaluating the Impact of Socioeconomics, Land Use, Built Environment, and Road Facility on Cyclist Safety

2017 ◽  
Vol 2659 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Osama ◽  
Tarek Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Bayesian Techniques ◽  
The Road ◽  
Safety Models ◽  
Light Pole ◽  
The Impact

With the increasing demand for sustainability, the use of cycling as an efficient active mode of transportation is being encouraged. However, the vulnerability of cyclists to severe injuries in crashes can discourage road users from cycling. Therefore, the study of the factors that affect the safety of cyclists is important. This paper describes an investigation of the relationship between cyclist–motorist crashes and various traffic zone characteristics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The goal was to assess the impacts of socioeconomics, land use, the built environment, and the road facility on cyclist safety through the use of macrolevel collision prediction models. The models were developed by generalized linear regression and full Bayesian techniques. An actual bike exposure indicator (the number of bike kilometers traveled) and the number of vehicle kilometers traveled were used as exposure variables in the models. The safety models showed that cyclist–motorist crashes were nonlinearly associated with an increase in bike, vehicle, and transit traffic as well as socioeconomic variables (i.e., population, employment, and household densities), variables related to the built environment (transit stop, traffic signal, and light pole densities), commercial area density, and the proportion if arterial–collector roads. The models revealed, however, a decline in cyclist–motorist crashes in association with an increase in the proportions of local roads and off-street bike links and an increase in recreational and residential area densities. The spatial effects were accounted for in the full Bayes models and were found to be significant; such a finding implies the importance of consideration of the spatial correlation in the development of macrolevel cyclist safety models.

Impact of Built Environment on Mode Choice to Major Destinations in Dhaka

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812097841
Author(s):  
Paromita Nakshi ◽  
Anindya Kishore Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Environment Variables ◽  
Study Results

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in investigating the impacts of built environment on mode choice decisions. There is a consensus that built environment factors influence travel behavior, although this influence is far from being homogenous. Compared with the North American and some European countries, there has been comparatively limited research in this field in the context of the Global South, especially South Asia. In this context, this paper aims to explore the extent to which built environment influences mode choice behavior to major destinations in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. “Major destinations” refers to the statistically significant trip-attracting clusters in the city. Dhaka is a city with heterogeneous motorized and non-motorized modes. Investigating mode choice decisions, in such a setting, is vital for the planners and policymakers to realize the goals of sustainable development with measured insights. A multinomial logit model was used to estimate the effects of built environment factors on mode choice to work and non-work trips in Dhaka. The study results showed that inclusion of built environment variables had significantly improved the models. Several built environment variables, including dissimilarity index, distance to the nearest bus stop, road density, and so forth, were found to be strong predictors of mode choice, and their elasticities were higher than the elasticities of several personal and household characteristics. Down that line, the findings provided support in favor of considering land use policies intended to increase accessibility, mixed land use, density, and so forth.

scholarly journals MODEL PERUBAHAN PENUTUPAN/PENGGUNAAN LAHAN UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI LAHAN KRITIS DI KABUPATEN BOGOR, KABUPATEN CIANJUR, DAN KABUPATEN SUKABUMI

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Hadjar Kubangun ◽  
Oteng Haridjaja ◽  
Komarsa Gandasasmita
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Change Models ◽  
The Road ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

<div class="WordSection1"><p class="abstrak">Pemanfaatan lahan yang melampaui kemampuan lahannya, dapat mengakibatkan degradasi lahan. Degradasi lahan jika dibiarkan akan menimbulkan lahan kritis. Dampak yang terjadi akibat lahan kritis mengakibatkan lahan mengalami penurunan kualitas sifat-sifat tanah, penurunan fungsi konservasi, fungsi produksi, hingga berpengaruh pada kehidupan sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat yang memanfaatkan lahan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi lahan kritis, berdasarkan pemodelan perubahan penutupan/penggunaan lahan dengan metode <em>Artificial Neural Network</em> (ANN). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lahan-lahan yang tergolong kritis mencakup lahan berlereng dengan penutupan/penggunaan lahan yang telah terkonversi. Faktor utama penyebab konversi lahan adalah tingginya kebutuhan hidup terhadap pangan, sandang, dan papan, akibat meningkatnya kepadatan penduduk. Selain hal tersebut, kemiringan lereng, jarak dari jalan, dan jarak dari permukiman juga menjadi faktor penyebab perubahan lahan. Upaya pemanfaatan lahan sebaiknya didukung oleh peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia, yang tidak hanya berorientasi pada kebutuhan sosial dan ekonomi, namun juga berorientasi pada lingkungan yang berkelanjutan.</p><p class="katakunci"><strong>Kata kunci</strong>:  jaringan saraf tiruan, perubahan penutupan/penggunaan lahan, model spasial, lahan kritis.</p><p class="judulABS"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="Abstrakeng"><em>Over used of land can caused the degradation, it can be lead to the critical of the land. The impacts of this issue such as the decreasing of the soil characteristics quality, conservation function, production, affecting social and economic of the society which used the land.  This research aims to identify the critical land based on the land use cover change models with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method. This research shows the critical lands including land with the slope which has been converted with the land use cover change models. The main factors caused land converse are the high of need of food, clothing, and shelter, cause of the increasing population density. Besides those factors, the shape of slope, distance from the road and settlements   are also the result of the land changing. The efforts in using the land should be supported by the increasing of the human resources, which are not only be oriented on the need of social and economic, but also on the sustainable environment.</em></p><p class="katakunci"><em><strong>Keywords</strong>: artificial neural network (ANN), land use cover change (LUCC), spatial models, critical land.</em></p></div><strong><br clear="all" /></strong>

scholarly journals Land use mix and leukocyte telomere length in Mexican Americans

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zhao ◽  
Jie Shen ◽  
David Chang ◽  
Yuanqing Ye ◽  
Xifeng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Leukocyte Telomere Length ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Stratified Analysis

AbstractIt has been well-known that built environment features influence the risk of chronic diseases. However, the existing data of its relationship with telomere length, a biomarker of biological aging, is still limited, with no study available for Mexican Americans. This study investigates the relationship between several factors of the built environment with leukocyte telomere length among 5508 Mexican American adults enrolled in Mano-A-Mano, the Mexican American Cohort Study (MACS). Based on the quartile levels of telomere length, the study population was categorized into four groups, from the lowest (1st quartile) to the highest telomere length group (4th quartile). For individual built environment factors, their levels did not differ significantly across four groups. However, in the multinominal logistic regression analysis, increased Rundle’s land use mixture (LUM) and Frank’s LUM were found statistically significantly associated with increased odds of having high levels of telomere length (Rundle’s LUM: 2nd quartile: Odds ratio (OR) 1.26, 95% Confidence interval (CI) 1.07, 1.48; 3rd quartile: OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.06, 1.46; 4th quartile: OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.01, 1.41; Frank’s LUM: 2nd quartile: OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.02, 2.63; 3rd quartile: OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.04, 2.91; 4th quartile: OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.05, 2.72, respectively). The associations for Rundle’s LUM remained significant after further adjusting other non-redundant built environment factors. Finally, in stratified analysis, we found the association between Rundle’s LUM and telomere length was more evident among younger individuals (< 38 years old), women, and those with obesity, born in Mexico, having low levels of physical activity, and having low levels of acculturation than their relative counterparts. In summary, our results indicate that land use mixture may impact telomere length in leukocytes in Mexican Americans.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Mechanism of Urban Occupation Mixture in Guangzhou: An Optimized GeoDetector-Based Index to Compare Individual and Interactive Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 659
Author(s):  
Xingdong Deng ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Shunyi Liao ◽  
Fan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Urban Employment ◽  
Cultural Inclusiveness

Numerous studies have been devoted to uncovering the characteristics of resident density and urban mobility with multisource geospatial big data. However, little attention has been paid to the internal diversity of residents such as their occupations, which is a crucial aspect of urban vibrancy. This study aims to investigate the variation between individual and interactive influences of built environment factors on occupation mixture index (OMI) with a novel GeoDetector-based indicator. This study first integrated application (App) use and mobility patterns from cellphone data to portray residents’ occupations and evaluate the OMI in Guangzhou. Then, the mechanism of OMI distribution was analyzed with the GeoDetector model. Next, an optimized GeoDetector-based index, interactive effect variation ratio (IEVR) was proposed to quantify the variation between individual and interactive effects of factors. The results showed that land use mixture was the dominating factor, and that land use mixture, building density, floor area ratio, road density affected the OMI distribution directly. Some interesting findings were uncovered by IEVR. The influences of cultural inclusiveness and metro accessibility were less important in factor detector result, while they were found to be the most influential in an indirect way interacting with other built environment factors. The results suggested that both “hardware facilities” (land use mixture, accessibility) and “soft facilities” (cultural inclusiveness) should be considered in planning a harmonious urban employment space and sustainable city.

The Impact of Zoning and Built Environment Characteristics on Transit, Biking, and Walking

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-129
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Mueller ◽  
Daniel J. Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Land Use Regulation ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Impact

This study furthers existing research on the link between the built environment and travel behavior, particularly mode choice (auto, transit, biking, walking). While researchers have studied built environment characteristics and their impact on mode choice, none have attempted to measure the impact of zoning on travel behavior. By testing the impact of land use regulation in the form of zoning restrictions on travel behavior, this study expands the literature by incorporating an additional variable that can be changed through public policy action and may help cities promote sustainable real estate development goals. Using a unique, high-resolution travel survey dataset from Denver, Colorado, we develop a multinomial discrete choice model that addresses unobserved travel preferences by incorporating sociodemographic, built environment, and land use restriction variables. The results suggest that zoning can be tailored by cities to encourage reductions in auto usage, furthering sustainability goals in transportation.

scholarly journals Rural-Spatial Restructuring Promoted by Land-Use Transitions: A Case Study of Zhulin Town in Central China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Dong Han ◽  
Jiajun Qiao ◽  
Qiankun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Central China ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Spatial Restructuring ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
The Impact

Rural-spatial restructuring involves the spatial mapping of the current rural development process. The transformation of land-use morphologies, directly or indirectly, affects the practice of rural restructuring. Analyzing this process in terms of the dominant morphology and recessive morphology is helpful for better grasping the overall picture of rural-spatial restructuring. Accordingly, this paper took Zhulin Town in Central China as a case study area. We propose a method for studying rural-spatial restructuring based on changes in the dominant and recessive morphologies of land use. This process was realized by analyzing the distribution and functional suitability of ecological-production-living (EPL) spaces based on land-use types, data on land-use changes obtained over a 30-year observation period, and in-depth research. We found that examining rural-spatial restructuring by matching the distribution of EPL spaces with their functional suitability can help to avoid the misjudgment of the restructuring mode caused by the consideration of the distribution and structural changes in quantity, facilitating greater understanding of the process of rural-spatial restructuring. Although the distribution and quantitative structure of Zhulin’s EPL spaces have changed to differing degrees, ecological- and agricultural-production spaces still predominate, and their functional suitability has gradually increased. The spatial distribution and functional suitability of Zhulin are generally well matched, with 62.5% of the matched types being high-quality growth, and the positive effect of Zhulin’s spatial restructuring over the past 30 years has been significant. We found that combining changes in EPL spatial area and quantity as well as changes in functional suitability is helpful in better understanding the impact of the national macro-policy shift regarding rural development. Sustaining the positive spatial restructuring of rural space requires the timely adjustment of local actors in accordance with the needs of macroeconomic and social development, and a good rural-governance model is essential.

scholarly journals Sustainable Streetscape and Built Environment Designs around BRT Stations: A Stated Choice Experiment Using 3D Visualizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6594
Author(s):  
Ahmad Adeel ◽  
Bruno Notteboom ◽  
Ansar Yasar ◽  
Kris Scheerlinck ◽  
Jeroen Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Mass Transit ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
The Road ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Set Up

The incompatibility between the microscale-built environment designs around mass transit stations and stakeholders’ preferences causes dissatisfaction and inconvenience. The lack of a pedestrian-friendly environment, uncontrolled development patterns, traffic and parking issues make the street life vulnerable and unattractive for users, and affect the mass transit usage. How to design the streetscapes around mass transit stations to provide a user-friendly street environment is a crucial question to achieve sustainable transit-oriented development goals. To recognize the specific attributes of streetscape environment relevant in local context of BRT Lahore, this paper presents the results of a visual preference experiment in which nine attributes of built environment were systematically varied across choice sets. Multinomial logit models were set up to identify the preferences of three target groups: BRT users, commercial building users and residents at different locations. The research indicates that not only the road-related factors (bike lane and sidewalk widths, crossings facilities, street greenery) have a significant influence on people’s preference but also that building heights, and the typology of buildings and housing projects around BRT corridor have shaped these preferences. When planning and designing urban design projects around mass transit projects, these significant attributes should be considered.

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