scholarly journals Sovereign Wealth Funds as Sustainability Instruments? Disclosure of Sustainability Criteria in Worldwide Comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5565
Author(s):  
Stefan Wurster ◽  
Steffen Johannes Schlosser
Keyword(s):  
Young Population ◽  
Sovereign Wealth Funds ◽  
Sustainability Criteria ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Sustainability Strategy ◽  
Sustainability Disclosure ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Disclosure Rate ◽  
Selection Of

Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) are state-owned investment vehicles intended to pursue national objectives. Their nature as long-term investors combined with their political mandate could make SWFs an instrument suited to promote sustainability. As an essential precondition, it is important for SWFs to commit to sustainability criteria as part of an overarching strategy. In the article, we present the sustainability disclosure index (SDI), an original new dataset for a selection of over 50 SWFs to investigate whether SWFs disclose sustainability criteria covering environmental, social, economic, and governance aspects into their mandate. In addition to an empirical measurement of the disclosure rate, we conduct multiple regressions to analyze what factors help to explain the variance between SWFs. We see that a majority of SWFs disclose at least some of the sustainability criteria. However, until today, only a small minority address a broad selection as a possible basis for a comprehensive sustainability strategy. While a high-state capacity and a young population in a country as well as a commitment to the international Santiago Principles are positively associated with a higher disclosure rate, we find no evidence for strong effects of the economic development level, the resource abundance, and the degree of democratization of a country or of the specific size and structure of a fund. Identifying favorable conditions for a higher commitment of SWFs could help to initiate pathways to become functional sustainability instruments.

scholarly journals Selection gains for the palm oil production from progenies of American oil palm with oil palm

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Alberto Gomes Junior ◽  
Alessandra Ferraiolo de Freitas ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Vieira da Cunha ◽  
Antônio José de Abreu Pina ◽  
Higo Otávio Brochado Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic parameters, correlations, and selection gains for the oil production of interspecific hybrids progenies between American oil palm, of ‘Manicoré’ origin, and oil palm, of ‘La Mé’ origin. Thirty-nine progenies were evaluated from the sixth to the ninth year after planting, for the productivity of fresh fruit bunches (PROD_FFB), oil content in the bunch (OCB), and palm oil productivity (PROD_OP). The genetic parameters and gains from direct (GDS) and indirect (GIS) selection were estimated for PROD_OP. High values of heritability for the CVg/CVe ratio indicated favorable conditions for the selection. With the selection of 20% of the progenies (selection in both sexes), the following estimates were obtained: 11.15% GDS for PROD_OP, 9.1% GIS for OCB, and 8.1% GIS for PROD_FFB. The PROD_OP of the progenies was of 6,175, 6,057, and 5,995 kg ha-1 per year with GDS and GIS for OCB and PROD_FFB, respectively. The restricted selection of the LM2T male genitor offspring resulted in 5.1% estimated GSD and in a mean of 5,800 kg ha-1 per year for PROD_OP. Selection gains for PROD_OP can be achieved immediately through the selection restricted to oil palm male genitors, and, in the medium and long term, through the interspecific reciprocal recurrent selection between American oil palm and oil palm populations.

Sovereign Wealth Funds and Long-Term Investments in Sub-Saharan Africa

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boubacar Diallo ◽  
Fulbert Tchana Tchana ◽  
Albert G. Zeufack
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sovereign Wealth Funds ◽  
Sub Saharan

Women's Participation in Politics: Ukrainian Case

2014 ◽  
Vol 2013 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Skovikov Alexey
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Democratic Transformation ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe international practices takes into account the question of women's participation in the political life of modern Ukraine. The selection of the state was due to the dynamic process of democratic transformation - the separation of powers, the formation of multi-party competition among political actors in the electoral process, the activity women in the various institutions of civil society. The position was claimed on the basis of empirical data range of academic institutions and reputable sociological centers, and also interviews with experts who said that the creation of real conditions for self-realization by women's interest in politics is only possible for long term. The process is controversial and caused by political culture, traditions and interests of the ruling class represented mainly by men.

Evidence for a single mechanism gating perceptual and long-term memory information into working memory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Verschooren ◽  
Yoav Kessler ◽  
Tobias Egner
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Source Selection ◽  
Single Mechanism ◽  
Gating Mechanism ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Selection Of

An influential view of working memory (WM) holds that its’ contents are controlled by a selective gating mechanism that allows for relevant perceptual information to enter WM when opened, but shields WM contents from interference when closed. In support of this idea, prior studies using the reference-back paradigm have established behavioral costs for opening and closing the gate between perception and WM. WM also frequently requires input from long-term memory (LTM), but it is currently unknown whether a similar gate controls the selection of LTM representations into WM, and how WM gating of perceptual vs. LTM sources of information relate to each other. To address these key theoretical questions, we devised a novel version of the reference-back paradigm, where participants switched between gating perceptual and LTM information into WM. We observed clear evidence for gate opening and closing costs in both cases. Moreover, the pattern of costs associated with gating and source-switching indicated that perceptual and LTM information is gated into WM via a single gate, and rely on a shared source-selection mechanism. These findings extend current models of WM gating to encompass LTM information, and outline a new functional WM architecture.

The problem of ballistic design of the space system Earth remote sensing in stable near-circular sun-synchronous orbits with long-term spacecraft lifetime

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
V. M. Artyushenko ◽  
D. Y. Vinogradov
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Target Function ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Space System ◽  
Earth Remote Sensing ◽  
Synchronous Orbit ◽  
Favorable Conditions

The article deals with the issues related to the problem of ballistic design of the space system of remote sensing of the Earth on stable near-circular solar-synchronous orbits with long-term existence of spacecraft. We propose a rational method of maintaining a solar-synchronous orbit in given light conditions with prolonged active lifetime of space systems. In solving this problem, the total time of normal operation of the system for a given period of operation, during which the most favorable conditions for the use of spacecraft are provided on the main parts of orbits, is taken as a target function.

scholarly journals Application of Interval Fuzzy Logic in Selecting a Sustainable Supplier on the Example of Agricultural Production

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Adis Puška ◽  
Miroslav Nedeljković ◽  
Sarfaraz Hashemkhani Zolfani ◽  
Dragan Pamučar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chain ◽  
Sustainability Criteria ◽  
Criteria Importance ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Economic Criteria

The selection of sustainable suppliers (SSS) is the first step in applying a sustainable supply chain and sustainable production. Therefore, it is necessary to select the supplier that best meets the set sustainability criteria. However, the selection of suppliers cannot be done by applying symmetric information, because the company does not have complete information, so asymmetric information should be used when selecting suppliers. Since the SSS applies three main sustainability criteria, environmental, social, and economic criteria, this decision-making problem is solved by applying multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). In order to solve the SSS for the needs of agricultural production, interval fuzzy logic was applied in this research, and six suppliers with whom agricultural pharmacies in Semberija work were taken into consideration. The application of interval fuzzy logic was performed using the methods PIPRECIA (Pivot pairwise relative criteria importance assessment) and MABAC (Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison). Using the PIPRECIA method, the weights of criteria and sub-criteria were determined. Results of this method showed that the most significant are economic criteria, followed by the social criteria. The ecological criteria are the least important. The supplier ranking was performed using the MABAC method. The results showed that supplier A4 best meets the sustainability criteria, while supplier A6 is the worst. These results were confirmed using other MCDM methods, followed by the sensitivity analysis. According to the attained results, agricultural producers from Semberija should buy the most products from suppliers A4, in order to better apply sustainability in production. This paper showed how to decision make when there is asymmetric information about suppliers.

scholarly journals A Multi-Attribute Decision Method under Uncertainty Environment Conditions—The Green Supplier Evaluation Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Hao Xu ◽  
Liuxin Chen ◽  
Qiongfang Li ◽  
Jianchao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Supplier Evaluation ◽  
Uncertain Environment ◽  
Green Suppliers ◽  
Uncertainty Environment ◽  
Selection Of

Due to the continuous changes of political environment, consumption habits, technological progress and other factors, the external environment of enterprises is full of uncertainty. The turbulence of external environment is not conducive to the long-term operation and development of enterprises, but also brings great challenges to the selection of suppliers. This makes the competition of enterprises focus on how to choose long-term cooperation suppliers in the uncertain external environment. In addition, due to the deterioration of the global environment, governments pay more and more attention to environmental pollution, and consumers are more and more inclined to green consumption, which makes many companies pay more and more attention to environmental indicators when selecting suppliers. In the case of external environment turbulence and serious environmental pollution, the evaluation and selection of green suppliers in uncertain environment is particularly important for the long-term development of enterprises. What’s more, when the supplier’s capability gap is small, the decision-maker often hesitates among several suppliers. In this paper, the hesitant fuzzy is used to describe the hesitant psychology of decision-makers in selecting suppliers, the variance fluctuation is used to describe the characteristics of hesitant fuzzy numbers, and the probability is used to measure the uncertainty of the environment. A green supplier evaluation model under the uncertainty environment is proposed, which comprehensively evaluates the green suppliers under the uncertain environment. Furthermore, it is compared with other methods that do not consider the uncertainty and the adaptability of evaluation method and right confirmation method, so as to reflect the influence of uncertainty to green supplier evaluation and the importance of adaptability of evaluation method and right confirmation method.

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