scholarly journals Energy Transition at Home: A Survey on the Data and Practices That Lead to a Change in Household Energy Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5268
Author(s):  
Jacopo Gaspari ◽  
Ernesto Antonini ◽  
Lia Marchi ◽  
Vincenzo Vodola
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Energy Behavior ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Advanced Knowledge

Since energy transition depends significantly on reducing the built environment’s energy needs, many regulations and incentives have been implemented globally over the last three decades. Despite some positive results, many scholars suggest that households’ behavioral change could greatly accelerate progress. People’s levels of awareness and willingness to change, as well as the provision of feedback technologies, are important factors affecting the process. In spite of the extent of this body of literature, household consumption keeps rising. Our thesis is that the subject has been investigated without considering some important correlations among factors. Therefore, this study developed a survey to investigate actual consumers’ perspectives on the topic by combining people’s awareness of energy use, interaction with metering devices, and user motivation into a coherent framework. A testing session involving 500 people was held as a validation phase for a future large-scale launch of the questionnaire. The test yielded some early outcomes on how people become more interested in changing as they gain more knowledge and are offered suggestions. However, despite their supposedly advanced knowledge as educators and students, the sample’s level of awareness was low, suggesting that a more user-centered approach is needed for wide-scale progress.

scholarly journals Factors affecting warmth comfort and stuffiness in domestic rooms

1947 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-442
Author(s):  
K. W. Yarnold
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Striking Change ◽  
The Subject

One object of the investigation was to determine the ideal contributions to warmth comfort in small ‘domestic’ rooms of air heating and radiation. It was soon found that in rooms heated by fires, subjects usually complained of cold backs when the equivalent temperature was in the region of 60–65° F., the accepted standard for buildings heated by convection, and preferred equivalent temperatures above 70° F.Since large-scale trials, using many observers, were clearly necessary, the reliability of 5 min. test periods was studied; these short periods were proved reliable so long as the subject had previously been in a comfortable room for an hour or so.It was found necessary, in rooms heated by fires, to treat separately the side of the subject facing the fire and remote from it. The cooler side must be exposed to an equivalent temperature not much less than 65° F., while radiation falling on the warm side is to be regarded as a very desirable, but nonessential, bonus. These conclusions were confirmed by field work in the subjects' own homes.The eupatheoscope and globe thermometer were modified to enable conditions acting on the two sides of the body to be assessed separately.The extent to which radiation acting on the front of the body could compensate for a cold back to produce what was called ‘minimum comfort’ was also studied. It was shown that down to back equivalent temperatures of about 56° F. an increase of 2° in front equivalent temperature will compensate for a fall of 1° in back equivalent temperature, but below 56° F. compensation fails.The physical basis of sensations of stuffiness and freshness were also investigated. Throughout these experiments care was taken to ensure that the subjects were neither too hot nor too cold. In these conditions, only two factors appear to be important. First, the air temperature should be as low as possible. To obtain warmth comfort with a low air temperature some high temperature source of radiation is generally necessary. The peak wave-length of the radiation emitted by the fire is also of great importance, a striking change in the personal sensations occurring, for example, as the wave-length increases from 2 to 3μ. In general, those wavelengths which are absorbed in the outer layers of the skin cause sensations of stuffiness, and those which are not give rise to feelings of freshness. Peaks at 3, 4·1 and 4·7 μ should therefore be avoided in the design of gas and electric fires.

“To Save the Forests”

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-155
Author(s):  
Matthew Vitz
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
The North ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Energy History ◽  
Oil Wealth ◽  
Policy Shifts

During the 1940s, urban Mexico began to shift from fuelwood to petroleum for its household energy needs. I trace this energy transition in Mexico City, interweaving histories of production and consumption, city and hinterland. The household energy transition highlights a series of overlapping policy shifts in 1940s Mexico: a retreat from rural social justice and the support of urban industrialization that pivoted on the redistribution of national oil wealth. By underscoring the role of political power in energy transitions, I also contribute to the larger field of energy history, which has prioritized energy regimes in the North Atlantic. En el México urbano, durante la década de los cuarenta, el consumo doméstico de energía pasó del combustible vegetal al petróleo. En este artículo doy cuenta de este cambio energético en la ciudad de México, intercalando historias de producción y consumo, de la ciudad y el hinterland. Esta transición en la energía doméstica señala una acumulación de cambios en la política de 1940 en México: un retroceso en la justicia social rural y el apoyo de una industrialización urbana que giró alrededor de la redistribución nacional de la riqueza petrolera. Al enfatizar el papel del poder político en las transiciones energéticas, contribuyo al campo más amplio de la historia de la energía que le ha dado más prioridad a los sistemas energéticos en el Atlántico Norte.

scholarly journals Energy Profiling of a High-Altitude Kyrgyz Community: Challenges and Motivations to Preserve Floodplain Ecosystems Based on Household Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13086
Author(s):  
Kedar Mehta ◽  
Mathias Ehrenwirth ◽  
Siegmund Missall ◽  
Nadira Degembaeva ◽  
Kuban Akmatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Animal Dung ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Energy Behavior ◽  
Local Ecosystem

The floodplain areas along the Naryn River in Kyrgyzstan are essential as they hold the riparian (local) ecosystems because they provide firewood, pastureland, and areas for recreation and protection against erosion. Due to limited access to adequate, reliable, and sustainable energy services, the rural population usually derived their energy needs from multiple natural energy resources (i.e., firewood, charcoal, agricultural residues, animal dung, and wood branches). This is considered a common and predominant practice in rural Kyrgyzstan. This situation leads to a negative impact on local ecosystem services. In addition to that, the reliance on solid fuels contributes to indoor and outdoor air pollution, which is partially threatening the local ecosystem services. By contrast, the employment of renewable-based energy supply systems would substantially reduce the burden on the environment, which is mainly untapped. To integrate renewable energies, it is important to understand the energy behavior of floodplain communities. In that response, the presented article is the first attempt to capture the energy identity of the floodplain community of Kyrgyzstan based on a quantitative energy-based (on-site) household survey. Furthermore, the present research article synthesizes the driving factors that have a (direct or indirect) impact on the energy and local ecosystem services. In addition, the present article proposes a brief pathway for the sustainable energy transition. The article records the recommendation to integrate renewable energies to preserve the local ecosystems of Kyrgyzstan.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Factors Affecting Colostrum Quality and Quantity in Holstein Dairy Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2005
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Soufleri ◽  
Georgios Banos ◽  
Nikolaos Panousis ◽  
Dimitrios Fletouris ◽  
Georgios Arsenos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Significant Negative Effect ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Effect

The objective of this study was to conduct a large-scale investigation of colostrum composition and yield and an evaluation of factors affecting them. In this study, 1017 clinically healthy Holstein cows from 10 farms were used. The colostrum TS were measured using a digital Brix refractometer. Fat, protein and lactose content were determined using an infrared Milk Analyzer. Statistical analysis was conducted using a series of univariate general linear models. The mean (±SD) percentage of colostrum fat, protein, lactose and TS content were 6.37 (3.33), 17.83 (3.97), 2.15 (0.73) and 25.80 (4.68), respectively. Parity had a significant positive effect on the protein and TS content and a negative one on fat content. The time interval between calving and colostrum collection had a significant negative effect on the fat, protein and TS contents and a positive one on lactose. Colostrum yield had a significant negative effect on the protein and TS content, and it was affected by all factors considered. In addition to TS, the evaluation of the colostrum fat content appears essential when neonates’ energy needs are considered. The Brix refractometer, an inexpensive and easy to use devise, can be used effectively in colostrum quality monitoring.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Energy Performance of Large-Scale Office Buildings: Analysis of Benchmarking Data from New York City and Chicago

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4783 ◽  
Author(s):  
ChungYeon Won ◽  
SangTae No ◽  
Qamar Alhadidi
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Energy Use Intensity

Buildings in high-income, industrialized cities are responsible for more than 50% of global energy consumption; consequently, many developed cities have legislated energy benchmarking and disclosure policies to understand their buildings’ energy-use dynamics better. By utilizing these benchmarking data and additional information taken from 3D models, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of large-scale office buildings located in New York and Chicago, with respect to their energy use intensity (EUI). To identify the primary factors affecting the EUI, Spearman’s correlation analysis and multiple variate regression tests were performed on office buildings over 500,000 ft2 (46,452 m2) gross floor area. The results showed the number of floors, construction year, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), and source-to-site ratio statistically significant, while morphological factors such as the relative compactness and surface-to-volume ratio showed limited relation to EUI. In New York City, the smallest EUI median was found in the buildings with 20 to 30 floors, and in Chicago, the buildings with 60 floors or more. A higher source-to-site ratio generally had lower overall EUI in both cities. Despite the high correlation, different kinds of dependency were found for window-to-wall ratio (WWR) and construction year between NYC and Chicago. These findings highlight the relative role that each building’s characteristics play concerning the EUI, depending on the particular building’s typology, scale, and the urban context.

The Impact of Quantitative Easing on Emerging Markets – Literature Review

e-Finanse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Piotr Bartkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Quantitative Easing ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sufficient Precision

AbstractThe article presents the results of the review of the empirical literature regarding the impact of quantitative easing (QE) on emerging markets (EMs). The subject is of interest to policymakers and researchers due to the increasingly larger role of EMs in the world economy and the large-scale capital flows occurring after 2009. The review is conducted in a systematic manner and takes into consideration different methodological choices, samples and measurement issues. The paper puts the summarized results in the context of transmission channels identified in the literature. There are few distinct methodological approaches present in the literature. While there is a consensus regarding the direction of the impact of QE on EMs, its size and durability have not yet been assessed with sufficient precision. In addition, there are clear gaps in the empirical findings, not least related to relative underrepresentation of the CEE region (in particular, Poland).

Divergent Principles of Politeness in Verbal and Non-Verbal Directive Speech Act

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Lindayana ◽  
Arifuddin ◽  
Halus Mandala
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Directive Speech ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This study was conducted aiming at examining: (1) the divergent principles of politeness in students’ directive speech act (2) factors affecting politeness and impoliteness in verbal and non-verbal directive speech act produced by students at grade X in Senior High School 1 Mataram in the learning process. The subject of this study are teachers teaching Bahasa Indonesia, English, Economy, History, Math, Religion, Civic, and Science, and all students at Grade X of Science 1, Science 3 and Social 2 in Senior High School 1 Mataram. This study is a descriptive qualitative research. The data source in this study is the number of utterances produced by students and teachers in the learning process. The data were collected through observation. This study revealed that: (1) there were divergent principles of politeness in participants’ directive speech act namely single and multiple divergent principles of politeness affected by speaker intentionally accused addressees, intentionally uttered by neglecting the context, was protective to other arguments, showed emotional feeling, given critiques in impolite words and mocked at other; and (2) there were factors affecting politeness and impoliteness in verbal and non-verbal directive speech act produced by students in learning process namely linguistic factor and non-linguistic factor.

Development of public-private partnerships in the regional dimension

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
T. M. Barbysheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Private Business ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation

Public-private partnership (PPP) in the conditions of the set strategic tasks by the President of the Russian Federation until 2030 can become one of the sources of attracting financial resources for implementation of the large-scale projects. In this regard, it is relevant to systematize the forms of PPPs and the scope of their application. Based on a study of different views on the essence of PPP, as well as taking into account the development of public administration in Russia, the author proposed the use of public-public-private partnership as a form of development of cooperation between the state, private business and society. The polyformism of PPPs is reflected in the presented classification. Based on the analysis of PPP development in the regional context, hypothesis on the correlation between the level of PPP and the socio-economic development of the subject of the Russian Federation was confirmed.

Building a Culture of Ethical, Comparable, Authentic Assessment

2019 ◽  
pp. 463-481
Author(s):  
Andrew Reid ◽  
Julie Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Authentic Assessment ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Music Educators ◽  
System Level ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Subject

In an ideal world, assessment should be synonymous with effective learning and reflect the intricacies of the subject area. It should also be aligned with the ideals of education: to provide equitable opportunities for all students to achieve and to allow both appropriate differentiation for varied contexts and students and comparability across various contexts and students. This challenge is made more difficult in circumstances in which the contexts are highly heterogeneous, for example in the state of Queensland, Australia. Assessment in music challenges schooling systems in unique ways because teaching and learning in music are often naturally differentiated and diverse, yet assessment often calls for standardization. While each student and teacher has individual, evolving musical pathways in life, the syllabus and the system require consistency and uniformity. The challenge, then, is to provide diverse, equitable, and quality opportunities for all children to learn and achieve to the best of their abilities. This chapter discusses the designing and implementation of large-scale curriculum as experienced in secondary schools in Queensland, Australia. The experiences detailed explore the possibilities offered through externally moderated school-based assessment. Also discussed is the centrality of system-level clarity of purpose, principles and processes, and the provision of supportive networks and mechanisms to foster autonomy for a diverse range of music educators and contexts. Implications for education systems that desire diversity, equity, and quality are discussed, and the conclusion provokes further conceptualization and action on behalf of students, teachers, and the subject area of music.

scholarly journals Statistical and machine learning models for optimizing energy in parallel applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Endrei ◽  
Chao Jin ◽  
Minh Ngoc Dinh ◽  
David Abramson ◽  
Heidi Poxon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Parallel Applications ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Machine Learning Models

Rising power costs and constraints are driving a growing focus on the energy efficiency of high performance computing systems. The unique characteristics of a particular system and workload and their effect on performance and energy efficiency are typically difficult for application users to assess and to control. Settings for optimum performance and energy efficiency can also diverge, so we need to identify trade-off options that guide a suitable balance between energy use and performance. We present statistical and machine learning models that only require a small number of runs to make accurate Pareto-optimal trade-off predictions using parameters that users can control. We study model training and validation using several parallel kernels and more complex workloads, including Algebraic Multigrid (AMG), Large-scale Atomic Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator, and Livermore Unstructured Lagrangian Explicit Shock Hydrodynamics. We demonstrate that we can train the models using as few as 12 runs, with prediction error of less than 10%. Our AMG results identify trade-off options that provide up to 45% improvement in energy efficiency for around 10% performance loss. We reduce the sample measurement time required for AMG by 90%, from 13 h to 74 min.

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