scholarly journals Suggesting an Extensive Interpretation of the Concept of Novelty That Looks at the Bio-Cultural Dimension of Food

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5065
Author(s):  
Margherita Paola Poto ◽  
Mathilde D. Morel
Keyword(s):  
Significant Degree ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Novel Food ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Unequal Treatment ◽  
The Eu

“Novel food” in the European Union’s (EU) legal terms refers to any food that was not used for human consumption to a significant degree within the EU before 15 May 1997 (Regulation 2015/2283/EU (2015)). Placing novel food on the market requires a safety assessment when such novelty is ascertained, with the consequent need of an authorization procedure that is not required for food traditionally conceived in the EU. Studies have highlighted how such a Eurocentric proof of traditional/novel use of food results in unequal treatment of third countries, with a slowdown of their market investments in the EU market. This contribution addresses this aspect by critically examining the disparity of treatment and suggesting the adoption of a wide-ranging interpretation of food novelty that considers the biocultural context in which food is embedded. This work is based on a critical legal analysis through the hermeneutics of Reg. 2015/2283/EU (2015) and a case study on algae from Northern Norway and Sápmi, carried out by the project SECURE. We conclude that a legal interpretation connecting food to its biocultural context would contribute to qualify it as traditional and therefore facilitate its placement on the market. Our case study provides an example of the macroalgae collected in Northern Norway/Sápmi that through the criterion of the biocultural context would qualify as traditional food, without recourse to the authorization procedure. Further research could assess whether the European Commission’s list of authorized novel foods (which include algae whose status as novel food has been inquired and assessed) expands to also comprehend some of the low-trophic marine resources (LTMR) harvested in Northern Norway/Sápmi.

scholarly journals Comparing international approaches to food safety regulation of GM and Novel Foods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Gm Crop ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The Eu

The global area of genetically modified (GM) crop production has considerably increased over the past two decades, with GM crops now cultivated in about 28 countries, accounting for over 10% of the world’s arable land. A 'novel food' is any food or substance that has not been used for human consumption to a significant degree within the EU before 15 May 1997. Since then, there has been over 90 novel foods authorisations approved for use by the EU. Novel foods and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are subject to a large variation in regulatory approaches around the world, for which many countries have specifically developed their own regulatory frameworks to control the placement of such products on their markets.

scholarly journals Fundamental regulations concerning novel food products and food for special medical purposes with plant ingredients

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Justyna Baraniak ◽  
Małgorzata Kania-Dobrowolska
Keyword(s):  
Weight Control ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Novel Food ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Food Legislation ◽  
Definition Of

Summary A lot of products from food category specified in Regulation No. 609/2013 may contain herbal substances or their preparations. Definitions of food for infants and toddlers, food for special medical purposes, and total diet replacement for weight control are now clearly regulated by UE food legislation. The concept and definition of foodstuffs for particular nutritional published in Directive 2009/39/EC of the European Parliament and Council of 6 May 2009 do not apply. On 22 February 2019, Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/128 complementary to Regulation (EU) No. 609/2013, regarding specific compositional and information requirements for food of special medical purposes was applied. Novel foods and novel food ingredients are foods which have not been used for human consumption in UE to a significant degree before 15 May 1997.

scholarly journals Member States’ social security agreements with India

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-187
Author(s):  
Pauline Melin
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Country Case Study ◽  
The Eu

In a 2012 Communication, the European Commission described the current approach to social security coordination with third countries as ‘patchy’. The European Commission proposed to address that patchiness by developing a common EU approach to social security coordination with third countries whereby the Member States would cooperate more with each other when concluding bilateral agreements with third countries. This article aims to explore the policy agenda of the European Commission in that field by conducting a comparative legal analysis of the Member States’ bilateral agreements with India. The idea behind the comparative legal analysis is to determine whether (1) there are common grounds between the Member States’ approaches, and (2) based on these common grounds, it is possible to suggest a common EU approach. India is taken as a third-country case study due to its labour migration and investment potential for the European Union. In addition, there are currently 12 Member State bilateral agreements with India and no instrument at the EU level on social security coordination with India. Therefore, there is a potential need for a common EU approach to social security coordination with India. Based on the comparative legal analysis of the Member States’ bilateral agreements with India, this article ends by outlining the content of a potential future common EU approach.

scholarly journals Sea Buckthorn Leaves and the Novel Food Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Sanna Kauppinen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Novel Food ◽  
History Of

AbstractNovel food means any food that was not used for human consumption to a significant degree within the European Union before 1997. The novel food regulation (EC) 258/97 concerns also foods and food ingredients consisting of or isolated from plants, except the food having a history of safe food use within the European Union before 1997. According to the knowledge thus far, sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) leaves have not been used to a significant degree as food, food supplement, or spice in European Union before 1997. The new regulation on novel foods (EU) No. 2015/2283 (Anonymous, 2015) comes into force in the beginning of 2018. After that also history of safe use in a third country is accepted as information of its traditional use. This means continued use for at least 25 years in the customary diet of a significant number of people. Novel food application has to include the description of the product, production process, characteristics and composition, proposed uses and use levels, anticipated intake, history of its use, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, nutritional and toxicological information and allergenicity. Sea buckthorn leaves have been under active research lately and a lot of information is already available, but safety assessment required for novel food evaluation may still be needed.

scholarly journals Novel Food: The Impact of Innovation on the Paths of the Traditional Food Chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Zarbà ◽  
Gaetano Chinnici ◽  
Mario D’Amico
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Novel Food ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Food Cultures ◽  
Consumer Interests ◽  
Trade Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

Novel food refers to any type of food which was not used for human consumption before the 15 May 1997 in a specific place. This date refers to the introduction of European Union Regulation (EC) No 258/1997 which regulated the placing of novel foods or novel food ingredients on the market within the community for the first time. Then, the Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 changed the existing legislation for the categories of food belonging to novel food in order to guarantee a higher level of protection of human health and consumer interests. Algae, which are not commonly consumed by people but are considered among the most widespread foods of the future, are one of the principal food products of natural plant origin in the regulation of novel foods. However, even if algae were not well-known in the past, nowadays they are integrated into the different food cultures of the EU. This circumstance led to an analysis of the contribution of trade flows, of algae for human consumption inside and outside Europe, on the trade balance of the member countries of the European Union. Analysis of the Eurostat database was used to provide an overview of the international trade dynamics affecting the trade development of algae for human consumption in the European Union, with the aim of measuring the competitive dynamics within member countries.

scholarly journals Novel Foods and Neophobia: Evidence from Greece, Cyprus, and Uganda

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Tsimitri ◽  
Anastasios Michailidis ◽  
Efstratios Loizou ◽  
Fani Th Mantzouridou ◽  
Konstantinos Gkatzionis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Novel Food ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
By Products

The exploitation of agri-food industrial by-products to produce novel foods is a promising strategy in the framework of policies promoting the bioeconomy and circular economy. Within this context, this study aims to examine the effect of food neophobia and food technology neophobia in the acceptance of a novel food by consumers (through an EU research project: Sybawhey). As a case study, a functional yogurt-like product was developed by synergistic processing of halloumi cheese whey, enriched with banana by-products. The present study contributes to the literature by examining consumers’ perceptions for such a novel food, identifying the profile of potential final users and classifying them according to their “neophobic tendency”. A comparative approach among groups from Greece, Cyprus and Uganda was adopted to explore whether respondents have a different attitude towards this novel yogurt. Results suggest that there is a potential for increasing consumption of novel foods derived by agri-food industrial by-products, but more information about the importance of using by-products are required to enhance consumers’ acceptance of this novel food. Such results may be useful to policy makers, aiming to promote strategies towards the effective reuse of food outputs leading to the manufacture of sustainable novel foods.

scholarly journals Novel Foods: Regulation, Health and Safety Considerations

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Livia Simon Sarkadi ◽  
Veronika Gál
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Novel Food ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Food Regulation ◽  
Safety Considerations ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Under the Novel Food Regulation (258/97/EC), a novel food is defined as a food or food ingredientthat does not have a significant history of consumption within the European Union prior to 15May 1997. Novel foods are required to undergo a pre-market safety assessment and must beauthorised before they can legally be marketed in the EU. A proposal to revise and update the EUNovel Food Regulation was published in 2008. This proposed a definition for nanomaterials, acentralised and faster authorisation procedure and specific measures for traditional foods fromthird countries. As a result of disagreement on the inclusion of foods from cloned animals, theEuropean Parliament and Council were unable to reach agreement on the new regulation beforethe deadline of 30 March 2011. New discussions on the updated Regulation are expected to takeplace in 2012. So far 66 novel foods and food ingredients have been authorised for use in the EU.The most popular products are Noni juice (juice of the fruits of Morinda citrifolia) and phytosterolsin a number of foodstuffs

scholarly journals Overview of the EU Legislation on Novel Foods and Novel Food Ingredients

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Anamaria SEMENIUC ◽  
Mihaela Ancuţa ROTAR ◽  
Ramona SUHAROSCHI ◽  
Maria TOFANA ◽  
Sevastiţa MUSTE
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Novel Food ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Application Procedure ◽  
The Eu

This review aims to provide an overview of the current European Union (EU) legislation on novel foods and novel foods ingredients. A brief presentation of Regulation (EC) No 258/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 1997 concerning novel foods and novel food ingredients was attempted: the scope of the Regulation-the foodstuffs that apply/not apply of this Regulation-, the conditions for marketing, the application procedure and the labelling requirements.

scholarly journals Migration and mobility of third-country national labour workers to and inside Europe during the Covid-19 pandemic – a legal analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Sommarribas ◽  
Birte Nienaber
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Third Country Nationals

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic took most EU Member States of the European Union by surprise, as they underestimated the rapid spread of the contagion across the continent. The response of the EU Member States was asymmetrical, individualistic and significantly slow. The first measures taken were to close down the internal borders. The response of the European Union was even slower, and it was not until 17th March 2020 that the external borders were closed. These actions affected legal migration into the European Union from four perspectives: it affected 1) the mobility of those third-country nationals who were on a temporary stay in the EU Member States; 2) the entry of third-country nationals to do seasonal work; 3) legal migrants entering and staying; and 4) the status of the third-country nationals already residing in the EU Member States, especially those experiencing a loss of income. This article will deal with the measures taken by the EU Member States to manage the immigration services, as a case study how Luxembourg dealt to avoid that temporary staying migrants and regular migrants fall into irregularity. Finally, we will focus on the vulnerability of third-country nationals with the rising risk of unemployment and the risk of being returned to their country of origin. The article will also analyse access to healthcare and unemployment benefits.

Modernisation of Higher Education – Willful Action or Wishful Thinking? The Case of Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Elena Blagoeva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The impact of the last global economic crisis (2008) on the European economy put a strain on higher education (HE), yet it also pushed the sector towards intensive reforms and improvements. This paper focuses on the “Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in the Republic of Bulgaria 2014-2020”. With a case study methodology, we explore the strategic endeavours of the Bulgarian government to comply with the European directions and to secure sustainable growth for the HE sector. Our research question is ‘How capable is the Bulgarian HE Strategy to overcome the economic and systemic restraints of Bulgarian higher education?’. Because the development of strategies for HE within the EU is highly contextual, a single qualitative case study was chosen as the research approach. HE institutions are not ivory towers, but subjects to a variety of external and internal forces. Within the EU, this is obviated by the fact that Universities obtain their funds from institutions such as governments, students and their families, donors, as well as EU-level programmes. Therefore, to explore how these pressures interact to affect strategic action on national level, the case method is well suited as it enabled us to study the phenomena thoroughly and deeply. The paper suggests the actions proposed within the Strategy have the potential to overcome the delay, the regional isolation and the negative impact of the economic crisis on the country. Nevertheless, the key elements on which the success or failure of this Strategy hinges are the control mechanisms and the approach to implementation. Shortcomings in these two aspects of strategic actions in HE seem to mark the difference between gaining long-term benefits and merely saving face in front of international institutions.

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