scholarly journals Influence of Ships Docking System in the Reduction of CO2 Emissions in Container Ports

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5051
Author(s):  
Emma Díaz-Ruiz-Navamuel ◽  
Andrés Ortega Ortega Piris ◽  
Alfonso-Isidro López-Diaz ◽  
Miguel A. Gutiérrez ◽  
Manuel Andres Roiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Vacuum Suction ◽  
Maritime Traffic ◽  
Container Ports ◽  
Suction Cups ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

Taking into account the increase in the emission of greenhouse gases produced by ships, during navigation and maneuvering in port, a direct consequence of the increase in maritime traffic, the international community has developed a broad set of regulations to limit such emissions. The installation in commercial ports of automatic mooring systems by means of vacuum suction cups, thus considerably reducing the time required to carry out ship mooring and unmooring maneuvers, is a factor that is considerably influencing the decrease in emissions of polluting gases in commercial ports with high traffic. The objective of the present work is to verify the influence of the use of the automatic mooring systems via vacuum suction cups on the emissions of polluting gases produced in the facilities destined to the traffic of container ships. To do this, two different calculation methods were used, Environmental Protection Agency and Environmental and Engineering Consultancy, to then compare the results of the two and thus obtain the reduction in emissions per twenty-foot equivalent unit in these terminals during mooring maneuvers. The paper concludes with a discussion on the values of the reductions in emissions obtained and the advantages of the installation of automatic mooring systems using vacuum suction cups in commercial ports located near population centers.

scholarly journals Effect on CO2 Emissions in Maritime Container Terminals Using New Vessel Mooring System by Vacum. Emissions by TEU

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Díaz-Ruiz-Navamuel ◽  
Andres Ortega ◽  
Manuel Andres ◽  
Carlos A. Pérez-Labajos1
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Mooring System ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Vacuum Suction ◽  
Maritime Traffic ◽  
Container Ports ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

Taking into account the increase in the emission of greenhouse gases produced by ships, during navigation and maneuvering in the port, a direct consequence of the increase in maritime traffic, the international community has developed a broad set of regulations to limit such emissions. The installation in commercial ports of automatic mooring systems by means of vacuum suction cups (AMS), thus reducing considerably the time required to carry out the mooring and unmooring maneuvers of ships, is a factor that is considerably influencing the decrease in Emissions of polluting gases in commercial ports with high traffic. The objective of the present work is to verify the influence of the use of the AMS on the emissions of polluting gases produced in the facilities destined to the traffic of container ships. It examines the CO2 emissions of container ships that call in the only three container ports equipped with AMS: Salalah (Oman), Beirut (Lebanon) and Ngqura (South Africa). Between them, these three ports supported the transit of 6 million TEUS in 2017. The calculation of emissions is made taking into account the time saved when performing the mooring maneuvers using the new AMS system compared with when it is not used. To do this, two different calculation methods are used: EPA and ENTEC to then compare the results of the two and thus obtain the reduction in emissions per TEU in these terminals during the mooring maneuvers. The paper concludes with a discussion on the values of the reductions in emissions obtained and the advantages of the installation of AMS in commercial ports located near population centres.

scholarly journals A Model for Developing Existing Ports Considering Economic Impact and Network Connectivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3705
Author(s):  
Veterina Nosadila Riaventin ◽  
Sofyan Dwi Cahyo ◽  
Ivan Kristianto Singgih
Keyword(s):  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Container Transportation ◽  
Container Ports ◽  
Investment Priority ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Transportation Flows ◽  
Port Clusters

This study discusses the problem of determining which container port should be developed within an existing network and when this should be carried out. A case study of Indonesia’s port network is presented, where several new ports are to be improved to ensure smooth interisland transportation flows of goods. The effects of the investment on economic consequences and increased network connectivity are assessed. When improving the ports, we consider that the available budget limits the investment. The network connectivity is evaluated by considering the number of reachable ports from the developed ports or transportation time required from other ports within the same port cluster. Based on our knowledge, our study is the first one that discusses the investment problem in multiple container ports under single management, as well as its effects regarding the increase in container flows. The problem is introduced and three mathematical models are proposed and used to solve a real problem. The results show that different models have different improved aspects of container transportation flows—e.g., a balanced improvement of the whole port network (Model 2) and appropriate investment priority for port clusters (Model 3).

scholarly journals Steam treatment of contaminated groundwater aquifers – development of pathogenic micro-organisms in soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Carsten Suhr Jacobsen ◽  
Susanne Elmholt ◽  
Carsten Bagge Jensen ◽  
Pia Bach Jakobsen ◽  
Mikkel Bender
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Vacuum Suction ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Micro Organisms

Steam treatment of contaminated soil and aquifer sediment is a promising method of cleaning soil. The treatment is based on steam injection into a water saturated porous aquifer (Gudbjerg et al. 2004), by which the heat transfers the contaminants into the vapour phase, allowing entrapment in an active carbon filter connected to a large vacuum suction device. The treatment is effective against several important groundwater contaminants, including pentachlorophenole and perchloroethylene, typically found in association with industrial processes or dry cleaning facilities. Furthermore, as an example of removal of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) large amounts of creosote have been recovered after steam injection in a deep aquifer (Kuhlmann 2002; Tse & Lo 2002). Steam treatment is dependent on the complete heating of the soil volume under treatment. The steam has a strongly adverse impact on trees and other plants with deep root systems within the soil, but no other visible effects have been reported. The aim of the activities undertaken during collaborative projects carried out by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) and the Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences (DJF) for the Danish Environmental Protection Agency and the local authorities in Copenhagen (Københavns Amt) was to establish to what extent the microbial community was affected by the steam treatment of the soil. A few results from the literature indicate that the microbial activity increases in steam treated soil (Richardson et al. 2002), probably due to microbial degradation of the soil contaminants in combination with microbial utilisation of heatkilled organisms. It is, however, not known whether this increased microbial activity is associated with the development of pathogenic micro-organisms; these are typically able to grow at higher temperatures than the general microbial community in soil.

Analysis of Power Relations in the Design of Effector for Unilateral Gripping with Active Vacuum Suction Cup

2014 ◽  
Vol 613 ◽  
pp. 286-291
Author(s):  
Peter Tuleja ◽  
Ľuboslava Šidlovská
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Vacuum Suction ◽  
Suction Cup ◽  
Suction Cups

This contribution present the process of projection of griping effector with active suction cups. It focuses on possible complication by solutions and estimates sequence of necessary calculations so that the designed gripper guarantied secure fixation of manipulated objects in time of handling work of robot.

scholarly journals The Mycobactericidal Efficacy of Ortho-Phthalaldehyde and the Comparative Resistances of Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium terrae, and Mycobacterium chelonae

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (05) ◽  
pp. 324-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam W. Gregory ◽  
G. Bruce Schaalje ◽  
Jonathan D. Smart ◽  
Richard A. Robison
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Test Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Minimum Effective Concentration ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Slow Grower

AbstractObjectives:To assess the mycobactericidal efficacy of an agent relatively new to disinfection, ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and to compare the resistances of threeMycobacteriumspecies.Mycobacterium bovis(strain BCG) was compared withMycobacterium chelonaeandMycobacterium terraeto investigate the feasibility of using either of the latter two species in tuberculocidal testing.M chelonae(a rapid grower) andM terrae(an intermediate grower) both grow faster and are less virulent thanM bovis(a slow grower).Design:The quantitative suspension protocol specified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Tuberculocidal Activity Test Method (EPA test), was used throughout this study. Standard suspensions of all three species were prepared in a similar manner. Two suspensions ofM bovis,created in different laboratories, were used. These were tested against two concentrations of alkaline glutaraldehyde to provide reference data. Two concentrations of OPA were evaluated against all mycobacterial test suspensions. Four replicates of each organism-disinfectant combination were performed.Results:Results were assessed by analysis of variance.M terraewas significantly more resistant to 0.05% OPA than eitherM bovisorM chelonae.At 0.21% OPA,M terraewas slightly more susceptible than one test suspension ofM bovis,but not significantly different from the other.M chelonaewas significantly less resistant than the other species at both OPA concentrations. At their respective minimum effective concentration, OPA achieved a 6-log10 reduction ofM bovisin nearly one sixth the time required by glutaraldehyde (5.5 minutes vs 32 minutes).Conclusions:These data, along with other recent studies, lend support to the idea thatM terraemay be a suitable test organism for use in the tuberculocidal efficacy testing of disinfectants. They also confirm the relatively rapid tuberculocidal activity of OPA.

Analysis of Flow Rates in the Design of Effector for Unilateral Gripping with Active Vacuum Suction Cup

2014 ◽  
Vol 613 ◽  
pp. 304-309
Author(s):  
Ľuboslava Šidlovská ◽  
Peter Tuleja
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Vacuum Suction ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Suction Cup ◽  
Vacuum Generator ◽  
Suction Cups

This article deals with the problems of the need for the required volume and flow rate in the circuit with underpressure in the design of the gripping effector with active suction cups. It presents a process of designing a vacuum generator which is required to power such effector so that it guarantees a quick and secure fixation of handling objects (OM) at handling it with a robot. The article displays a means of determining of so-called evacuationtimes in the process of gripping of OM during the handling tasks.

The Trend of Reconfigurable Pin-Type Fixture with Vacuum Suction Cups

2012 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 273-276
Author(s):  
Hong Shuang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Design Principles ◽  
Industrial Technology ◽  
Fixture Design ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Design Technology ◽  
Vacuum Suction ◽  
Suction Cup ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Suction Cups

Fixtures play a great role in manufacturing, and the quick changes in modern life lead to high need for changes in fixtures. The reconfigurable Pin-type Fixtures with Vacuum-suction-cup (PFV) developed broadly with the quickly progress of industrial technology. This paper mainly describes the design principles and main differences included in PFV. The characters of ideal PFV are drawn in line with the researches have been done in patents, companies and colleges. According to the actual needs of industry for fixture and the development of computer-aided-fixture-design technology, the trend of PFV in the next several decades is concluded in this paper.

Life Cycle Analysis of the Deconstruction of Military Barracks: Ft. McClellan, Anniston, AL

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth O'Brien ◽  
Bradley Guy ◽  
Angela Stephenson Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Environment And Public Health ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
Military Facilities ◽  
Time Required

Nearly 2.5 million ft2 of barracks must be removed from military facilities throughout the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 4. While integration of manual deconstruction with traditional mechanical demolition methods has been shown to be comparable to traditional demolition methods in terms of cost and time requirements, the life cycle impacts of manual deconstruction on the environment and public health are unknown. To this end, life cycle assessment was applied to extend previous deconstruction studies of barracks at Ft. McClellan in Anniston, Alabama. Four scenarios were compared with varying degrees of time required for manual deconstruction of the barracks—100% Manual, 44% Manual, 26% Manual, and 100% Mechanical. Data were collected directly from the site and applied using SimaPro modeling software (Pré Associates, The Netherlands), considering two post-deconstruction options. Materials salvaged using either 100% or 44% Manual deconstruction and reused within a 20-mile radius of the deconstruction site yielded the most favorable environmental and health impacts. The significant impacts involved in the life cycle of diesel fuel required for transportation emphasize the need for developing reuse strategies for deconstructed materials at the regional level.

Proposal of a Multi-fingered Robot Hand with Vacuum Suction Cups for Stable Gripping by Imitating Fingers of Tree Frogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (0) ◽  
pp. J1510206
Author(s):  
Guangrui JIANG ◽  
Goshi YAMAGAMI ◽  
Tomokazu TAKAHASHI ◽  
Masato SUZUKI ◽  
Seiji AOYAGI
Keyword(s):  
Robot Hand ◽  
Vacuum Suction ◽  
Tree Frogs ◽  
Suction Cups

Evaluation of Energy Efficiency in Retrofitting Residential Buildings with Large-Panel Structures

2014 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Megyesi ◽  
Mariana Brumaru
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
East European ◽  
Large Panel ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
The Eu

Modular blocks of flats built with large prefabricated panels have become widespread in most of central and East-European countries particularly in the 80es, populating large-scale neighbourhoods. In Romania are representing about 37% of the total fund of apartment blocks, being present in most of the cities. The high percentage of thermal bridges and reduced design thermal resistance of the envelope make these buildings a priority in thermal retrofitting. Using up-to-date calculation methods, the paper presents a thorough analysis of the energy performance of large-panel residential buildings (apartment blocks) before and after renovation. The conclusions are focused on the practical measures to be undertaken for bringing the energy efficiency after retrofitting at the highest possible degree, thus meeting the requirements of the EU legislation and the targets set in the field of energy performance and reduction of CO2 emissions.

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