scholarly journals Nature-Based Solutions and Sustainable Urban Planning in the European Environmental Policy Framework: Analysis of the State of the Art and Recommendations for Future Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5021
Author(s):  
Claudia de Luca ◽  
Sandra Naumann ◽  
McKenna Davis ◽  
Simona Tondelli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
European Policy ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Urban Transition ◽  
European Environmental Policy ◽  
New Urban Agenda

Sustainable urban planning (SUP) is crucial in the development of sustainable cities, as also underlined by the New Urban Agenda. Nature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly being recognized for their potential to offer multiple benefits that are necessary in order to cope with present and future urban challenges. The European policy framework, including the recently released European Green Deal, could strongly boost the role and recognition of NBS and SUP as drivers of sustainable and inclusive urban transition. Through a content analysis of current environmental European policies, strategies and agreements, this paper provides (i) an overview of the state of the art of the environmental European policy framework and the recognized role of NBS and SUP in reaching defined objectives, and (ii) insights on where NBS and SUP could play a larger role within this framework. On this basis, the paper identifies gaps and develops recommendations for a better integration of such concepts into the current framework.

scholarly journals Learning from Interventions Using Hierarchical Policies for Safe Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (06) ◽  
pp. 10352-10360
Author(s):  
Jing Bi ◽  
Vikas Dhiman ◽  
Tianyou Xiao ◽  
Chenliang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Asymptotic Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Learning From Demonstrations ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Long Term Behavior

Learning from Demonstrations (LfD) via Behavior Cloning (BC) works well on multiple complex tasks. However, a limitation of the typical LfD approach is that it requires expert demonstrations for all scenarios, including those in which the algorithm is already well-trained. The recently proposed Learning from Interventions (LfI) overcomes this limitation by using an expert overseer. The expert overseer only intervenes when it suspects that an unsafe action is about to be taken. Although LfI significantly improves over LfD, the state-of-the-art LfI fails to account for delay caused by the expert's reaction time and only learns short-term behavior. We address these limitations by 1) interpolating the expert's interventions back in time, and 2) by splitting the policy into two hierarchical levels, one that generates sub-goals for the future and another that generates actions to reach those desired sub-goals. This sub-goal prediction forces the algorithm to learn long-term behavior while also being robust to the expert's reaction time. Our experiments show that LfI using sub-goals in a hierarchical policy framework trains faster and achieves better asymptotic performance than typical LfD.

The Role of Electrolyte’s Organic Additives in Zinc-Air Batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Pourzolfaghar ◽  
Soraya Hosseini ◽  
Marziyeh Alinejad
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Zinc Air Batteries

Addition of the organic additives to the electrolyte is one of the state-of-the-art and cost-effective solutions to develop an appropriate rechargeable ZABs able to be promoted towards commercial application. In this mini review, some of the most important organic additives have been reviewed and their functions in the zinc air batteries have been investigated.

Wearable Technologies for Helping Human Thermophysiological Comfort

2018 ◽  
pp. 203-231
Author(s):  
Radostina A. Angelova
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Human Comfort ◽  
Wearable Technologies ◽  
Thermoregulatory System ◽  
Intelligent Clothing

The thermophysiological comfort is one of the aspects of the human comfort. It is related to the thermoregulatory system of the body and its reactions to the temperature of the surrounding air, activity and clothing. The aim of the chapter is to present the state of the art in the wearable technologies for helping the human thermophysiological comfort. The basic processes of body's thermoregulatory system, the role of the hypothalamus, the reactions of the body in hot and cold environment, together with the related injuries, are described. In the second part of the chapter smart and intelligent clothing, textiles and accessories are presented together with wearable devices for body's heating/cooling.

Las metafunciones de Halliday en traducción

Babel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-504
Author(s):  
Eirini Chatzikoumi
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Linguistics ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Translator Training

Abstract This article addresses the contribution of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to translation and, specifically, the use of Halliday’s metafunctions in translation studies research. The aim is to provide the state of the art of the main findings and proposals of these studies regarding the role of metafunctions in translation and translation teaching, thus evaluating their relevance and applicability in this field. In order to achieve this, six studies were reviewed, three of them dedicated to metafunctional shifts and three to the use of metafunctions in translation teaching and evaluation. This critical bibliographic review allowed for the corroboration of the contribution of SFL to the field of translation, and for the deduction of relevant aspects for future research and teaching proposals. More precisely, the relevance of the incorporation of semantic metafunctions in translator training and evaluation is confirmed, and the possibility of a distinction between obligatory and optional metafunctional translation shifts is suggested.

The role of sustainability in the relationship between migration and smart cities: a bibliometric review

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mohamad Mouazen ◽  
Ana Beatriz Hernández-Lara
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bibliometric Review ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Smart cities attract efficient and profitable economic activities, contribute to the societal welfare of their citizens and foster the efficient use and conservation of natural resources. Developing smart cities has become a priority for many developed countries, but as they are preferred destinations for migrants, this raises sustainability issues. They attract people who are seeking a better quality of life, smart services and solutions, a better environment and business activities. The purpose of this paper is to review the state of the art on the relationship between smart cities and migration, with a view to determining sustainability. Design/methodology/approach A bibliometric review and text mining analyses were conducted on publications between 2000 and 2019. Findings The results determined the main parameters of this research topic in terms of its growth, top journals and articles. The role of sustainability in the relationship between smart cities and migration is also identified, highlighting the special interest of its social dimension. Originality/value A bibliometric approach has not been used previously to investigate the link between smart cities and migration. However, given the current relevance of both phenomena, their emergence and growth, this approach is appropriate in determining the state of the art and its main descriptors, with special emphasis on the sustainability implications.

scholarly journals Title-Guided Encoding for Keyphrase Generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 6268-6275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Chen ◽  
Yifan Gao ◽  
Jiani Zhang ◽  
Irwin King ◽  
Michael R. Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Very High

Keyphrase generation (KG) aims to generate a set of keyphrases given a document, which is a fundamental task in natural language processing (NLP). Most previous methods solve this problem in an extractive manner, while recently, several attempts are made under the generative setting using deep neural networks. However, the state-of-the-art generative methods simply treat the document title and the document main body equally, ignoring the leading role of the title to the overall document. To solve this problem, we introduce a new model called Title-Guided Network (TG-Net) for automatic keyphrase generation task based on the encoderdecoder architecture with two new features: (i) the title is additionally employed as a query-like input, and (ii) a titleguided encoder gathers the relevant information from the title to each word in the document. Experiments on a range of KG datasets demonstrate that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art models with a large margin, especially for documents with either very low or very high title length ratios.

Applications of RFID Technology and Smart Parts in Manufacturing

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhekun ◽  
Rajit Gadh ◽  
B. S. Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Wireless Internet ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
Frequency Identification

Industrial and consumer applications of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) are explored. The state-of-the-art and development in RFID technology is reviewed. A currently operative smart parts based manufacturing system is described which uses RFID as the key technology. The role of RFID in the emerging Wireless Internet Manufacturing field is highlighted.

scholarly journals Burnout: de stand van zaken

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toon Taris ◽  
Irene Houtman ◽  
Wilmar Schaufeli
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Related Phenomenon ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The One

Burnout: the state of the art Burnout: the state of the art This manuscript presents an overview of the state-of-the-art in burnout research. Burnout is a work-related syndrome of extreme fatigue (exhaustion), distancing from work (cynicism), and low levels of professional efficacy, that is rooted in either the characteristics of one’s job or on individual’s way of coping with these characteristics. Being a work-related phenomenon, burnout can be distinguished from other, more general mental illness such as depression. Further, burnout and engagement can be distinguished as well.Burnout can be assessed by asking workers about their personal and subjective experience of their health. Objective ways of measuring burnout (e.g., using psychophysiological measures) have as yet not been useful. The emphasis on burnout as a work-related phenomenon is also evident from current theoretical perspectives. On the one hand, these perspectives highlight the role of work-related factors, whereas on the other hand these perspectives focus on the role of personality characteristics such as neuroticism and (over-)commitment. Burnout affects the organization as well as individual workers; it is related to elevated levels of sickness absence, a higher risk of work disability, and a lower level of work performance. Both person-directed and organization-directed interventions may affect burnout positively.

scholarly journals “RESIDENTIAL -“ MAHALLA QUARTERS ”ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CITY OF OSH AND PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
A.E. Satenov ◽  
T. S. Keneshov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Architectural Monument ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
The City

The article discusses the place and role of the formation of a specific type of individual residential development on the structure of the city of Osh. Research methods and the possibilities of their application in architectural and urban planning practice are considered. The problems of the state of individual residential development are discussed. The author proposes the use of modern methods of maintaining the protection of an architectural monument. Within the framework of “museumification, restoration, and renovation, it is proposed to take into account the influences of cultural and historical features of residential development in the formation of urban planning documentation and the general plan.

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