scholarly journals Personal Carbon Trading—Lost in the Policy Primeval Soup?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4592
Author(s):  
Fabio Bothner
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Policy Proposal ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multiple Streams Approach ◽  
Carbon Taxation ◽  
Set Up

The number of emission trading and carbon taxation schemes implemented has grown rapidly over the past decade. Together, they cover approximately 16% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although more than two-thirds of global GHG emissions are related to household consumption, approaches that directly target households, such as personal carbon trading (PCT), do not play a role in the fight against climate change. This is especially puzzling as measures taken so far are not sufficient to reach the 2 °C target. One clue to solving this puzzle comes from political science in the form of the multiple streams approach, which defines criteria that a policy proposal must meet to become part of the political agenda. Based on these criteria, this article conducts a systematic review on PCT to clarify why PCT does not play a role in the reduction of GHG emissions. The results show that there are three main problems with the PCT proposal. First, scholars often criticize the set-up costs as well as the running costs of such a system. Second, there is no clear consensus within the research community on public acceptance of PCT. Third, it is still unclear whether politicians are receptive to PCT or not.

scholarly journals Carbon Trading: A Study of Trends and Evolution

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Bhanu Murthy ◽  
Sakshi Gambhir
Keyword(s):  
Emissions Trading ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Carbon Market ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Actual Experience

The global energy landscape is rapidly changing as a result of economic shifts and technological breakthroughs. There has been an increased focus on climate change through the phenomenon of global warming, which is caused by accumulation of green house gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. Efforts have been underway at the international as well as national level for abatement of GHG emissions through cost-effective and sustainable solutions. The UNFCCC with its mandate of a safer future launched the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, to firm-up ongoing efforts for stabilizing the ecosystems. The Protocol commits its Parties through internationally binding emission reduction commitments. The idea was to create an international unified carbon market, which would render a check on the worldwide emission levels. However, actual experience with the markets has revealed that the dream of a global top-down market is far from being realised. Against this backdrop, this paper attempts to review the evolution of carbon markets, through the mechanism of International Emissions Trading. It also highlights some trends and developments that have characterised these markets over the past few years. Overall, the literature seems to signify the emergence of a decentralised bottom-up design of the market. There is a multitude of regional, national and subnational markets in operation, with EU ETS as the frontrunner. Moreover, these systems are starting to link with one another to facilitate the evolution of an international carbon market, in the wake of an unpromising future outlook for Kyoto credits.

scholarly journals Universal Basic Income in British Politics, 1918–2018: From a ‘Vagabond's Wage’ to a Global Debate

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER SLOMAN
Keyword(s):  
Political Agenda ◽  
Past Century ◽  
British Politics ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Green Party ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up

AbstractThe idea of a Universal Basic Income (UBI) has moved rapidly up the British political agenda in recent years, with support from the Green Party, the Royal Society of Arts, and left-wing writers such as Paul Mason. Shadow Chancellor John McDonnell has set up a working group to examine its implications, and four Scottish councils are hoping to launch pilot schemes. Contemporary British interest in UBI forms part of a lively global debate about automation, inequality and precarious labour, but it also draws on a long history of proposals for tax-benefit reform within UK social policy. This article identifies five waves of enthusiasm for basic income in Britain over the past century and highlights patterns of continuity and change. It shows that interest in the proposal has been greatest at times of pessimism about the future of the labour market, though concerns about the ethics and affordability of unconditional payments have always been difficult to shake. Advocates of UBI have also struggled to reconcile the technocratic approach of its Conservative and Liberal supporters with the transformative ambitions of the radical left. It remains to be seen whether the recent growth of left-wing support for UBI will improve its prospects of implementation.

scholarly journals European Union One Health Country Visits as Driver to Combat on Antimicrobial Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s222-s222
Author(s):  
Pita Spruijt ◽  
Paul Bergervoet ◽  
Robbin Westerhof ◽  
Merel Langelaar ◽  
Marie-Cécile Ploy
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
One Health ◽  
Competent Authority ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Review System ◽  
Set Up

Background: In 2016, the European Union adopted unanimously Council Conclusions on the next steps to combat antimicrobial resistance under a One Health approach. To implement some of the provisions laid down in the Council Conclusions, a European Joint Action on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and Healthcare-Associated Infections (HCAI) or EU-JAMRAI was set up, gathering 44 partners. Methods: As part of EU-JAMRAI, 13 participating European countries set up a country-to-country peer review system to evaluate each other’s national action plans (NAPs). This review system entailed a self-assessment, strengths–weaknesses–opportunities–threats (SWOT) analysis, and country visits. All steps were executed with representatives from both the human and the veterinary domains (One Health approach). Special attention was given to supervision and the way supervision can enhance the implementation of guidelines on AMR, both at the policy level and within healthcare institutions. Results: Despite differences in the stage of developing and implementing NAPs, all 13 countries are working on NAPs. In this process, country visits function as a moment to exchange best practices and to provide an outsider’s point of view. At the end of 2019, 13 country-to-country visits had taken place, resulting in tailor-made recommendations for each country. These recommendations were shared with the competent authority. An example is a country that used the recommendation to improve infection prevention as an immediate reason to get the topic on the agenda of the Ministry of Health. During the country visits, intersectoral participation was perceived as desirable, but in some cases it was challenging to arrange. For some highly relevant topics, it has been recognized that discussion should take place on a European level. Examples of such topics include supervision, infection prevention guidelines, funding, surveillance, and regular audits of antibiotic prescriptions for physicians including feedback loops. Conclusions: Peer review is a cooperative and friendly working method compared to common audits. The country visits function as an agenda setting tool to get or to keep AMR on the political agenda and presenting the most relevant topic(s) to address for each country.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals History, piety and factional politics in the Arabic chronicle of the Maldives: Ḥasan Tāj al-Dīn’s Ta’rīkh and its continuations

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-220
Author(s):  
Andrew C. S. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
Personal Experiences

AbstractThe Arabic chronicle (Ta’rīkh) of the Maldives composed by the qadi Ḥasan Tāj al-Dīn (d. 1139/1727) and continued by his nephew Muḥammad Muḥibb al-Dīn (1118/1706-1199/1785) and his grandson Ibrāhīm Sirāj al-Dīn (d. after 1243/1827) is major but unexploited source for not just Maldivian but also Indian Ocean history more broadly. Covering Maldivian history from the purported date of the islands’ conversion to Islam in 548/1143, the Ta’rīkh is also imbued with a specific pious and ethical agenda. It seeks to situate the Maldives in the broader context of Islamic history stretching back to the Rāshidūn Caliphs, while using the past to impart ethical lessons to its audience, ostensibly the Maldivian sultans. However, its authors were also deeply involved in the Maldives’ tumultuous political life, and their presentation of events is also influenced by their own personal experiences and factional affiliations. This article explores the pious, ethical and political agenda of the Ta’rīkh.

scholarly journals Maudsley International: improving mental health and well-being around the world

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Bouras ◽  
Silvia Davey ◽  
Tracey Power ◽  
Jonathan Rolfe ◽  
Tom Craig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Building Capacity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
And Training

Maudsley International was set up to help improve people's mental health and well-being around the world. A variety of programmes have been developed by Maudsley International over the past 10 years, for planning and implementing services; building capacity; and training and evaluation to support organisations and individuals, professionals and managers to train and develop health and social care provisions. Maudsley International's model is based on collaboration, sharing expertise and cultural understanding with international partners.

Military Power and Constitutional Development in China

1921 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-252
Author(s):  
Harold M. Vinacké
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Military Government ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Constitutional Development ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Chinese Revolution ◽  
Parliamentary Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
Popular Government ◽  
Set Up

It is now nine years since the outbreak of the Chinese revolution. It is fifteen years since the Manchus attempted to maintain their control by introducing representative institutions into China. The development toward constitutional and representative government under the Manchus was checked in 1911 by the revolutionary movement. When the Chinese Republic was established as the successor to the alien Manchu Empire it was felt that the problem of modernizing China bade fair to be solved, and that in an orderly way her political institutions would be brought into harmony with western standards. Unfortunately that orderly progress has not come. Parliamentary government under the Nanking (provisional) Constitution was replaced by the dictatorship of Yuan Shih-kai under the arrangements of the so-called constitutional compact, which in turn was followed by the attempt to reëstablish the monarchy. The failure of the monarchy movement brought back parliamentary government, but before a permanent constitution could be adopted Parliament was again dissolved, and a government controlled by a military clique set up in its place. Since this military government was unacceptable to the southern provinces, the country became divided. So far it has not been possible for the country to reconcile its differences. Instead of an ordered constitutional progress, has come apparent failure in the effort to establish representative government. The name of a republic has been maintained, it is true, and the forms of constitutional government have been retained, but a permanent national government has not been set up, nor has popular government replaced the paternal despotism of the past.

Technology Focus: Decarbonization (July 2021)

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (07) ◽  
pp. 64-64
Author(s):  
Nigel Jenvey
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technology Focus

Have you noticed the change in the oil and gas industry over the past year with its engagement in carbon management, decarbonization, and net-zero-emissions targets? Policy support and technology advances in alternative energies have delivered massive cost reduction in renewables more quickly, and to a greater degree, than expected. Over the past few years, more of the world’s capital has been spent on electricity than oil and gas sup-ply, and more than half of all new energy-generation capacity is now renewable. Some elements of society, therefore, have suggested that this is the beginning of the end for the fossil-fuel sector and call for investors to turn away from oil and gas and “leave it in the ground.” In more than a century of almost continuous change, however, the oil and gas industry has a long track record of innovative thinking, creative solutions, and different business models. SPE papers and events that covered decarbonization during the past year show that a wide variety of solutions already exist that avoid, reduce, replace, offset, or sequester greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It is clear, therefore, that decarbonization technologies will now be as important as 4D seismic, horizontal wells, and hydraulic fracturing. That is why we now bring you this inaugural Technology Focus feature dedicated to decarbonization. The experience and capability of the entire JPT community in decarbonization is critical. Please enjoy the following summary of three selected papers on the role of natural gas in fuel-switching; carbon capture, use, and storage (CCUS); and hydrogen technologies that deliver the dual challenge of providing more energy with less GHG emission. There are many ways to engage in the SPE decarbonization efforts in the remainder of 2021. Regional events have addressed CCUS, hydrogen, geothermal, and methane. There is also the new SPE Gaia sustainability program to enable and empower all members who wish to engage in the alignment of the future of energy with sustainable development. The Gaia program has an on-demand library of materials, including an existing series on methane, and upcoming similar events on other energy transition, natural capital and regeneration, and social responsibility priorities. Get involved through your SPE section or chapter or contact your regional Gaia liaison to find out what Gaia programming you can support or lead at www.spe.org/en/gaia.

Never again? A retrospective and prospective view of English health reforms

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Powell ◽  
Mark Exworthy
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Health Reforms ◽  
Multiple Streams Approach

This chapter takes retrospective and prospective perspectives on health reforms in English NHS. Retrospectively, we offer a precis of the preceding chapters, taking stock of the cumulative lessons from the significant body of evidence that has been presented in this book. Moreover, we seek to explain the ‘how and why’ of these reforms, using a specific conceptual model (multiple streams approach (MSA)). Prospectively, we consider the direction of health policy in the English NHS, and the research agenda which might inform this process.

scholarly journals Impact of emission trading and renewable energy support scheme on the optimality of generator side bidding

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 05008 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Arya ◽  
SPS Mathur ◽  
M Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Test System ◽  
For Profit ◽  
System Operator

As a major Green House Gases (GHG) producer, CO2 in particular, the electricity industry’s emissions have turned in to a matter of immense concern in many countries, especially in India. India’s economy and fast economic development has attracts the attention of the world. Emission trading schemes (ETS) and renewable energy support schemes (RESS) are implemented by the various developed countries to alleviate the affect of GHG emissions. In this paper, an optimization based market simulation approach is proposed with the consideration of emission trading schemes and renewable support schemes. To simulate the bidding strategy and for profit maximization, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used. As above problem is a multi-objective optimization problem, Where, in the first level each Genco submit the bid to the independent system operator and in the next level a optimization method is used for the determination of optimal bidding with the implementation of emission trading schemes and renewable support schemes. It is assumed that each generator should submit bid as a price taker’s in sealed auction based on pay-as-bid market clearing price mechanism. The practicability of proposed optimization method is checked by an IEEE-30 bus test system consists of six suppliers.

A Ballast System for Automated Deep-Sea Ascents

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Golz ◽  
Florin Boeck ◽  
Sebastian Ritz ◽  
Gerd Holbach
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Hydraulic Pump ◽  
Unmanned Underwater Vehicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Set Up

The efforts to discover the world’s oceans — even in extremely deep-sea environments — have grown more and more in the past years. In this context, unmanned underwater vehicles play a central role. Underwater systems that are not tethered need to provide an apparatus to ensure a safe return to the surface. Therefore, positive buoyancy is required and can be achieved by either losing weight or expanding volume. A conservative method is the dropping of ballast weight. However, nowadays this method is not appropriate due to the environmental impact. This paper presents a ballast system for an automated ascent of a deep-sea seabed station in up to 6000 m depth. The ballast system uses a DC motor driven modified hydraulic pump and a compressed air auxiliary system inside a pressure vessel. With regard to the environmental contamination in case of a leakage, only water is used as ballast fluid. The modification of an ordinary oil-hydraulic radial piston pump and the set-up of the ballast system is introduced. Results from sea trials in the Atlantic Ocean are presented to verify the functionality of the ballast system.

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