scholarly journals A Metro-Based System as Sustainable Alternative for Urban Logistics in the Era of E-Commerce

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4479
Author(s):  
Rafael Villa ◽  
Andrés Monzón
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Load Optimization ◽  
Big City ◽  
Train Services ◽  
Delivery Services ◽  
Business To Consumer ◽  
Alternative Scenarios

Business to consumer e-commerce (B2C) has increased sharply in recent years driven by a growing online population and changes in consumer behavior. In metropolitan areas, the “Amazon effect” (online retailers’ vast selection, fast shipping, free returns, and low prices) has led to an increased use of light goods vehicles. This is affecting the rational functioning of the transport system, including a high degree of fragmentation, low load optimization, and, among other externalities, higher traffic congestion. This paper investigates the potential of a metro system, in a big city like Madrid, to provide delivery services by leveraging its existing carrying capacity and using the metro stations to collect parcels in lockers. It would be a new mixed distribution model for last-mile deliveries associated with e-commerce. To that end, the paper evaluates the cost and impacts of two alternative scenarios for managing the unused space in rolling stock (shared trains) or specific full train services (dedicated trains) on existing lines. The external costs of the proposed scenarios are compared with current e-commerce delivery scenario (parcel delivery by road). The results show that underground transport of parcels could significantly reduce congestion costs, accidents, noise, GHG emissions, and air pollution.

scholarly journals Car Sharing as a Strategy to Address GHG Emissions in the Transport System: Evaluation of Effects of Car Sharing in Amsterdam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2418
Author(s):  
Ana María Arbeláez Vélez ◽  
Andrius Plepys
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
Shared Mobility ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Business To Consumer ◽  
The City ◽  
Carbon Transport

Shared mobility options, such as car sharing, are often claimed to be more sustainable, although evidence at an individual or city level may contradict these claims. This study aims to improve understanding of the effects of car sharing on transport-related emissions at an individual and city level. This is done by quantifying the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the travel habits of individuals before and after engaging with car sharing. The analysis uses a well-to-wheel (WTW) approach, including both business-to-consumer (B2C) and peer-to-peer (P2P) car-sharing fleets. Changes in GHG emissions after engaging in car sharing vary among individuals. Transport-related GHG emissions caused by car-free individuals tend to increase after they engage in car sharing, while emissions caused by previous car owners tend to fall. At the city level, GHG emissions savings can be achieved by using more efficient cars in sharing systems and by implementing greener mobility policies. Changes in travel habits might help to reduce GHG emissions, providing individuals migrate to low-carbon transport modes. The findings can be used to support the development and implementation of transport policies that deter car ownership and support shared mobility solutions that are integrated in city transport systems.

scholarly journals Underneath Kyoto: Emerging Subnational Government Initiatives and Incipient Issue-Bundling Opportunities in China and the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Koehn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Stabilization Policies

At present, progress in mitigating global GHG emissions is impeded by political stalemate at the national level in the United States and the People's Republic of China. Through the conceptual lenses of multilevel governance and framing politics, the article analyzes emerging policy initiatives among subnational governments in both countries. Effective subnational emission-mitigating action requires framing climatic-stabilization policies in terms of local co-benefits associated with environmental protection, health promotion, and economic advantage. In an impressive group of US states and cities, and increasingly at the local level in China, public concerns about air pollution, consumption and waste management, traffic congestion, health threats, the ability to attract tourists, and/or diminishing resources are legitimizing policy developments that carry the co-benefit of controlling GHG emissions. A co-benefits framing strategy that links individual and community concerns for morbidity, mortality, stress reduction, and healthy human development for all with GHG-emission limitation/reduction is especially likely to resonate powerfully at the subnational level throughout China and the United States.

scholarly journals Social media and efficient computer infrastructure in smart city

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Jerzy Balicki ◽  
Honorata Balicka ◽  
Piotr Dryja ◽  
Maciej Tyszka
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Big City ◽  
Key Resources

Social media require an efficient infrastructures of computer and communication systems to support a smart city. In a big city, there are several crucial dilemmas with a home and public space planning, a growing population, a global warming, carbon emissions, a lack of key resources like water and energy, and a traffic congestion. In a smart city, we expect an efficient and sustainable transportation, efficient management of resources and a better urban planning. In this paper, social media are proposed to support smart city with efficient computer infrastructure. Moreover, some methods are described to increase the availability and efficiency of an information infrastructure. Two criteria have been formulated to assign some key resources in a smart city system. The process of finding some compromise solutions from Pareto-optimal solutions has been illustrated. Metaheuristics o f collective intelligence, including particle swarm optimization PSO, ant colony optimization ACO, an algorithm of bee colony ABC, and differential evolution DE have been described due to smart city infrastructure improving. Other application of above metaheuristics in smart city have been also presented.

Analysis of Trends in Data on Transit Bus Dwell Times

2017 ◽  
Vol 2619 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac K. Isukapati ◽  
Hana Rudová ◽  
Gregory J. Barlow ◽  
Stephen F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Signal ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Signal Control ◽  
Traffic Signal Control ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
On The Road

Transit vehicles create special challenges for urban traffic signal control. Signal timing plans are typically designed for the flow of passenger vehicles, but transit vehicles—with frequent stops and uncertain dwell times—may have different flow patterns that fail to match those plans. Transit vehicles stopping on urban streets can also restrict or block other traffic on the road. This situation results in increased overall wait times and delays throughout the system for transit vehicles and other traffic. Transit signal priority (TSP) systems are often used to mitigate some of these issues, primarily by addressing delay to the transit vehicles. However, existing TSP strategies give unconditional priority to transit vehicles, exacerbating quality of service for other modes. In networks for which transit vehicles have significant effects on traffic congestion, particularly urban areas, the use of more-realistic models of transit behavior in adaptive traffic signal control could reduce delay for all modes. Estimating the arrival time of a transit vehicle at an intersection requires an accurate model of dwell times at transit stops. As a first step toward developing a model for predicting bus arrival times, this paper analyzes trends in automatic vehicle location data collected over 2 years and allows several inferences to be drawn about the statistical nature of dwell times, particularly for use in real-time control and TSP. On the basis of this trend analysis, the authors argue that an effective predictive dwell time distribution model must treat independent variables as random or stochastic regressors.

scholarly journals STUDY OF TEMPERATURE PROFILE ON VARIOUS LAND USE AND LAND COVER FOR EMERGING HEAT ISLAND

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sainu Franco ◽  
Venkata Ravibabu Mandla ◽  
K. Ram Mohan Rao ◽  
Pramod Kumar M ◽  
Anand P.C.
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Geospatial Technologies ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Green House Gas ◽  
Urban Heat

Greater Hyderabad a twin city in earlier days, has grown into a tricity of Cyberabad - Hyderabad – Secunderabad. This concentrated development with impetus on industrialization has led to unprecedented urbanization and sprawl, resulting in heavy population growth and ultimately raising serious challenges such as traffic congestion, enhanced Green House Gas (GHG) emissions causing climatic changes apart from over-use of basic amenities and infrastructure. This study shows that urban areas have grown from a mere 172 sq km of MCH (Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad) in the 1970’s to a whopping 1905 sq km at present, currently known as the Greater Hyderabad Metropolitan Corporation. The phenomenon of Urban Heat Island (UHI) can be observed in several localities. The pattern of growth of Greater Hyderabad and its repercussions on the local climate are studied with the help of geospatial technologies. An increase of ~20C to 2.50C is observed over the last 2 decades. The Vegetation and water bodies also show a sharp decline.

scholarly journals RUANG SENI BEBAS STRES TJIKINI

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1615
Author(s):  
Jessica Santoso ◽  
Sutarki Sutisna
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Third Place ◽  
Healing Environment ◽  
Big City ◽  
Art And Culture

The consequences of living in a big city with such an intense life pace putting the citizens at higher risk for stress compared to those who live in the rural areas. Jakarta ranked 132nd out of 150 in the world’s most stressfull cities ranking. The stress level of its citizens is at level five on a scale of 1-10 and the numbers of its population with mental health problem keeps increasing each year. There are several factors that contribute to stress, i.e. the high rate of urbanization, traffic congestion, the lack of green spaces availability, heavy workload and also the pace of life in cities that needs us to always be faster, dynamic and efficient. Therefore, those who live in the cities needs the third place. A comfier space between home (first place) and work (second place) for citizens to spend the time, to take  a break from the daily routine, to socialize and to interact with others, and also as a place to relieve the stress. Using the healing environment approach, the purpose of Tjikini Stress Relieve Art Space is to provide an urban public space for recreation, freedom of expression, social gathering, social interaction and to have better knowledge on the arts as one of the alternatives to relax and to relieve the stress. It also acts as an supporting facility for arts activities in Cikini area which will become art and culture center of Jakarta. Keywords: Interaction; Stress; Third Place; Urban Stress AbstrakKonsekuensi tinggal di kota besar dengan dinamika kehidupannya yang sangat intens menjadikan masyarakat perkotaan rentan mengalami stres dibandingkan mereka yang tinggal di daerah pedesaan. Jakarta menduduki peringkat ke-132 dari 150 kota paling stres di dunia. Tingkat stres masyarakatnya telah memasuki tahap kritis yakni, melebihi stadium lima dari skala 1-10 dan jumlah penderita gangguan mental emosional (stres) yang terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Banyak faktor yang menjadi penyebab stres masyarakat kota diantaranya, tingginya tingkat urbanisasi, kemacetan, kurangnya ketersediaan ruang terbuka hijau, stres akibat menghadapi beban tuntutan pekerjaan hingga stres akibat tuntutan kehidupan perkotaan yang serba cepat, dinamis, dan serba efisien. Maka dari itu, masyarakat kota membutuhkan tempat ketiga. Sebuah ruang yang menghubungkan  rumah atau tempat tinggal (tempat pertama) dan tempat kerja (tempat kedua) sebagai ruang publik yang lebih santai bagi masyarakat kota untuk dapat beristirahat, berhenti sejenak dari segala rutinitas yang dilakukan setiap hari, bersosialisasi dan  berinteraksi serta menjadi tempat untuk menyalurkan stres. Dengan menggunakan metode Healing Environment, Ruang Seni Bebas Stres Tjikini bertujuan untuk membuat sebuah ruang publik yang memberikan ruang dan waktu bagi masyarakat kota untuk berkreasi, berekspresi, berkumpul, berinteraksi, dan mengenal lebih luas mengenai seni sebagai salah satu alternatif untuk relaksasi dan menyalurkan stres mereka. Juga sebagai fasilitas pendukung kegiatan seni pada Kawasan Cikini yang akan menjadi Pusat Kesenian Dan Kebudayaan Jakarta.

scholarly journals Examining Travelers’ Acceptance towards Car Sharing Systems—Peshawar City, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Ullah ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Tran Vanduy
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Nested Logit ◽  
Car Sharing

In recent years, car sharing has emerged as a novel alternative to private car ownership in urban areas worldwide. Potential benefits of this system include improved mobility and reduced congestion, vehicle ownership, parking issues, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aimed to investigate travelers’ acceptance of car sharing systems through a stated preference survey in the city of Peshawar, Pakistan. The questionnaires were distributed online via a Google form. Questions were designed from numerous aspects of car sharing systems, such as awareness of car sharing systems, attributes related to travel modes in the choice set, and demographic characteristics. A total of 453 valid responses were received. The Multinomial and Nested Logit models were employed for evaluation and analysis of survey responses. Demographic characteristics including gender, job, and income were found to be significant. Service attributes including travel time, travel cost, registration fees, and capital cost, were also significant. The multinomial logit model based on both car-owners and non-car-owners fit a little better than the nested logit model. Our findings in the present study could be beneficial for transport planners and policy makers to timely implement car sharing systems in cities in order to mitigate increased car ownership and traffic congestion.

scholarly journals Role of Timetable, Rolling Stock Rescheduling, and Information Strategies to Passengers in Public Transport Disruptions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (9) ◽  
pp. 135-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuannuan Leng ◽  
Zhengwen Liao ◽  
Francesco Corman
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Score Function ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Information Strategies ◽  
Micro Simulation ◽  
Train Services ◽  
The City

In the event of public transport disruption, operating companies produce disposition timetables depending on different rescheduling strategies, such as retiming or rerouting, with services fully/partially cancelled, and also taking into account more complex, adjusted, feasible rolling stock circulation. The aim is to reduce passengers’ delays, thereby limiting detriment to passengers’ activities and their related satisfaction. The key relation between the supply of operating companies and passengers’ satisfaction is information disseminated about running services. This paper innovatively combines an optimization model and an agent-based micro-simulation model (MATSim) to explore passengers’ (dis)satisfaction with different disposition timetables and information strategies, which is helpful for operating companies to offer better services to passengers in cases of public transport disruption. Activity-based agent behaviors in a multi-modal network are simulated and agents’ delays and scores for the city of Zürich, Switzerland, analyzed. Passengers’ (dis)satisfaction is indicated by their delays in the directly affected (i.e., disrupted) trip and utility for their whole trips and activities estimated by a score function. Disruption results in immediate delays for passengers whose planned services fail to run, plus delays for passengers on the line where extra services are planned to run (rerouted). The earlier information on the disposition timetable is disseminated to passengers, the higher their satisfaction during disruption. Compared with full cancellation of train services, computing a precise feasible rolling stock circulation able to handle partial train cancellations can significantly benefit passengers, especially those whose planned services are disrupted, against minor delays incurred by other group of passengers.

scholarly journals PTG-HEFA Hybrid Refinery as Example of a SynBioPTx Concept—Results of a Feasibility Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 4047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Müller-Langer ◽  
Katja Oehmichen ◽  
Sebastian Dietrich ◽  
Konstantin M. Zech ◽  
Matthias Reichmuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Hydrogen Supply ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
Power To Gas

Limited alternative fuels for a CO2-neutral aviation sector have already been ASTM certified; synthetic paraffinic kerosene from hydrotreated esters and fatty acids (HEFA-SPK) is one of these—a sustainable aviation fuel. With the hypothesis to improve the greenhouse gas (GHG) balance of a HEFA plant by realizing the required hydrogen supply via electrolysis—power to gas (PTG)—an exemplary SynBioPTx approach is investigated in a comprehensive feasibility study, which is, regarding this comparatively new approach, a novelty in its extent. About 10 scenarios are analysed by technical, environmental, and economic aspects. Within the alternative scenarios on feedstocks, electricity supply, necessary hydrogen supply, and different main products are analysed. For different plant designs of the hybrid refinery, mass and energy balances are elaborated, along with the results of the technical assessment. As a result of this environmental assessment, the attainment of at least 50% GHG mitigation might be possible. GHG highly depends on the renewability grade of the hydrogen provision as well as on the used feedstock. One important conclusion of this economic assessment is that total fuel production costs of 1295 to 1800 EUR t−1 are much higher than current market prices for jet fuel. The scenario in which hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of internally produced naphtha proves to be the best combination of highly reduced GHG emissions and low HEFA-SPK production costs.

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