scholarly journals Critical Determinants of Household Electricity Consumption in a Rapidly Growing City

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4441
Author(s):  
Sharif Shofirun Sharif Ali ◽  
Muhammad Rizal Razman ◽  
Azahan Awang ◽  
M. R. M. Asyraf ◽  
M. R. Ishak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
Resource Sustainability ◽  
Technology Improvement

Despite growing urban electricity consumption, information on actual energy use in the household sector is still limited and causal factors leading to electricity consumption remain speculative due to urban expansion and its growing complexity, particularly in developing countries such as Malaysia. This study aims to examine the critical determinants of household electricity consumption by evaluating the patterns and flows of consumption and analysing relationships and their effects on electricity usage among 620 urban households in Seremban, Malaysia. Results suggest that the average urban household electricity consumption is 648.31 kWh/month; this value continues to grow with the increase in the household monthly income (r = 0.360; p < 0.01) and number of rooms (r = 0.360; p < 0.01) as quality of life improves. A large portion of electricity is allocated for kitchen/home consumption, followed by cooling and lighting. Multiple linear regressions revealed that married households with a high monthly income and living in spacious houses together with three to five people are important predictors of electricity consumption in Seremban. This study empirically identified that the number of rooms is the most critical factor of electricity consumption and strategies to increase energy efficiency, maintain resource sustainability and minimise greenhouse gas threat on the urban ecosystem are vital. Therefore, promoting low carbon initiatives for energy conservation and technology improvement and implementing policies in the domestic sector are essential to achieve the greatest potential energy consumption reduction in urban regions.

scholarly journals Contribution of air conditioning adoption to future energy use under global warming

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (19) ◽  
pp. 5962-5967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas W. Davis ◽  
Paul J. Gertler
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Global Action

As household incomes rise around the world and global temperatures go up, the use of air conditioning is poised to increase dramatically. Air conditioning growth is expected to be particularly strong in middle-income countries, but direct empirical evidence is scarce. In this paper we use high-quality microdata from Mexico to describe the relationship between temperature, income, and air conditioning. We describe both how electricity consumption increases with temperature given current levels of air conditioning, and how climate and income drive air conditioning adoption decisions. We then combine these estimates with predicted end-of-century temperature changes to forecast future energy consumption. Under conservative assumptions about household income, our model predicts near-universal saturation of air conditioning in all warm areas within just a few decades. Temperature increases contribute to this surge in adoption, but income growth by itself explains most of the increase. What this will mean for electricity consumption and carbon dioxide emissions depends on the pace of technological change. Continued advances in energy efficiency or the development of new cooling technologies could reduce the energy consumption impacts. Similarly, growth in low-carbon electricity generation could mitigate the increases in carbon dioxide emissions. However, the paper illustrates the enormous potential impacts in this sector, highlighting the importance of future research on adaptation and underscoring the urgent need for global action on climate change.

Electricity consumption and economic growth in ASEAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ghazali Ismail ◽  
Arlinah Abd Rashid ◽  
Azlina Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Panel Estimation ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship and causality direction between electricity consumption and economic growth is an important issue in the fields of energy economics and policies towards energy use. Extensive literatures has discussed the issue, but the array of findings provides anything but consensus on either the existence of relations or direction of causality between the variables. This study extends research in this area by studying the long-run and causal relations between economic growth, electricity consumption, labour and capital based on the neo-classical one sector aggregate production technology mode using data of electricity consumption and real GDP for ASEAN from the year 1983 to 2012. The analysis is conducted using advanced panel estimation approaches and found no causality in the short run while in the long-run, the results indicate that there are bidirectional relationship among variables. This study provides supplementary evidences of relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in ASEAN.

scholarly journals Investigating Primary Factors Affecting Electricity Consumption in Non-Residential Buildings Using a Data-Driven Approach

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooyoun Cho ◽  
Jeehang Lee ◽  
Jumi Baek ◽  
Gi-Seok Kim ◽  
Seung-Bok Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Building Energy Consumption

Although the latest energy-efficient buildings use a large number of sensors and measuring instruments to predict consumption more accurately, it is generally not possible to identify which data are the most valuable or key for analysis among the tens of thousands of data points. This study selected the electric energy as a subset of total building energy consumption because it accounts for more than 65% of the total building energy consumption, and identified the variables that contribute to electric energy use. However, this study aimed to confirm data from a building using clustering in machine learning, instead of a calculation method from engineering simulation, to examine the variables that were identified and determine whether these variables had a strong correlation with energy consumption. Three different methods confirmed that the major variables related to electric energy consumption were significant. This research has significance because it was able to identify the factors in electric energy, accounting for more than half of the total building energy consumption, that had a major effect on energy consumption and revealed that these key variables alone, not the default values of many different items in simulation analysis, can ensure the reliable prediction of energy consumption.

scholarly journals Energy Security Problem amid Global Energy Transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-784
Author(s):  
Yury V. Borovsky
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

In the early 2020s the worlds transition from carbon-intensive to climate-neutral energy use has already become a discernible and a difficult-to-reverse process. With Joe Bidens election as US president, the United States have returned to the Paris Climate Agreement and have become a key driver of this process (along with the EU and China). As a result, the international community has reached a consensus on the ongoing energy transition. This process will require considerable effort and may take several decades. Nevertheless, the impact of energy transition on traditional approaches to energy security, which emerged largely as a result of the global oil crises of the 1970s and 1980s and are centered around the supply of fossil fuels, is already a relevant research topic. This problem is examined relying on the relevant terminological, theoretical and factual material. The article concludes that energy transition will ultimately undermine the carbon paradigm that has underpinned energy security policies since the 1970s. Rapid development of renewable and other low-carbon energy sources will certainly remove key energy security risks of energy importers and, possibly, allow them to achieve energy independence. However, a post-carbon era may also generate new risks. For countries that rely heavily on oil, gas and coal exports, energy transition will result in the loss of markets and revenues. It may present an energy security threat for them as well as it will require a costly and technologically complex process of the energy sector decarbonization. Some exporters, especially those with high fuel rents and insufficient financial reserves, may face serious economic and social upheavals as a result of energy transition. The EU and the US energy transition policies reflect provisions of all three fundamental international relations theoretical paradigms, including realism. This means that the EU and the US policy, aimed at promoting climate agenda, may be expected to be rather tough and aggressive. China as the third key player in energy transition is still following a liberal course; however, it may change in the future.

scholarly journals People-Centred Approach for ICT Tools Supporting Energy Efficient and Healthy Behaviour in Buildings

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Tisov ◽  
Dan Podjed ◽  
Simona D’Oca ◽  
Jure Vetršek ◽  
Eric Willems ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Feedback Systems ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Ict Tools ◽  
Project Objectives

This paper attempts to alter a prevailing assumption that buildings use energy to an understanding that in fact, people use energy. Therefore, to successfully accelerate the transition to a low-carbon society and economy more emphasis should be on motivating people and increasing their awareness by making them energy conscious building users and therefore active players in the energy transition process. In this context, this paper provides insights from the Horizon 2020 MOBISTYLE project. It demonstrates research and development approaches, highlights the main project objectives, and presents findings of an ethnographic (qualitative) study of users&rsquo; habits, practices, and needs. The aim of the project is to motivate behavioural change by raising consumer awareness through the provision of attractive personalized information on user&rsquo;s energy use, indoor environment and health, all enabled by an integrated information and communication technology (ICT) service. In this context, the anthropological people-centred approach is integrated into the MOBISTYLE approach putting users at the centre of the ICT tools development process. The main quantitative objective of the project is a reduction of energy use for at least 16 % prompted by the provision of combined information and feedback systems on energy, indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and health. The most relevant motivational factors and key performance indicators (KPIs) for encouraging a more energy conscious and healthy lifestyle were defined by means of a people-centred approach, adopting anthropological inquiries in different settings. Information about users&rsquo; lifestyles and their needs was collected in focus groups with potential users in five case studies, located in different European Union (EU) countries. Behaviour change is achieved through awareness campaigns, which encourage users to be pro-active about their energy consumption and to simultaneously improve health and well-being.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY INCREASE IN THE ENERGY SAVING PROGRAM IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Анатолий Петрович Дзюба
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Regional Group ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Federal Districts

Цель статьи - представить разработанную автором методику ранжирования регионов России по уровню общего вклада в реализацию комплекса мер в энергосбережение и повышение энергетической эффективности экономики России. Автором проведено эмпирическое исследование промежуточных результатов реализации мер по повышению энергетической эффективности в России за период 2010-2019 гг. Выполнено исследование направления и динамики изменения потребления электроэнергии за исследуемый период на уровне федеральных округов и регионов России. Научная новизна заключается в выполнении ранжирования регионов, либо территориальных образований по уровню общего вклада каждого региона на основе разработанных показателей. Такое ранжирование выполнено и относительно роста спроса и общего вклада регионов в электропотребление на уровне общего экономического пространства. На основе полученных результатов автором проведена группировка регионов с целью предоставления рекомендаций для каждой региональной группы, направленных на повышение энергетической эффективности в масштабах экономики России. The article is devoted to the description of the methodology developed by the author for ranking Russian regions according to the level of total contribution to the implementation of a set of measures in energy conservation and increasing the energy efficiency of the Russian economy. The author conducts an empirical study of the intermediate results of the implementation of measures to increase energy efficiency in Russia for the period 2010-2019. The study analyzes the direction and dynamics of changes in electricity consumption for the period under study at the level of federal districts and regions of Russia. On the basis of the ranking results obtained, the author has grouped the regions with recommendations for each regional group according to the need to improve energy efficiency on the scale of the Russian economy.

The Analysis and Application of Energy-Internet in the Low-Carbon Community

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Liang ◽  
Weiding Long ◽  
Yingqian Song ◽  
Fang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Energy Internet

The energy-Internet is a new energy supply method based on urban compact and densely populated community in a low-carbon city. The principle is to connect small energy generation stations and combined heat and power system (CHP) based on distributed energy technology and renewable energy into a network in the urban district. In this way, the cooling, heating and electricity could all back each other up. Each building of the community could collect the energy and then put that energy into the energy-internet to supply the heating and power to buildings. The power in the energy-internet could also be used for charging electric vehicles. So the energy use in the urban community would be basically self-sufficient. The energy generation stations in the energy-internet could be solar power, wind power, biomass cogeneration (including refuse power generation), household fuel cell, low-grade heat in rivers, lakes, urban sewage and soil. In this way, large-scale renewable energy and unused energy could be fully used and applied in a compact and dense community. If the energy-internet is suitable designed, the equipment capacity, energy consumption and CO2 emission of the community could be greatly reduced, energy efficiency could be optimized and improved and the heat island effect could also be alleviated. This article explores three major problems of the construction of energy internet and their solutions: namely, the location and layout of the energy station, the environmental economic dispatch model of the energy internet with power dispatching as an example, the optimal path design of hot water pipe network combined with graph theory and genetic algorithms.

Modelling of energy consumption in sociotechnical systems with intelligent equipment

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-19
Author(s):  
Владимир Борисович Барахнин ◽  
Светлана Валентиновна Мальцева ◽  
Константин Владимирович Данилов ◽  
Василий Вячеславович Корнилов
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Consumption Function ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
The Times ◽  
Dynamic Time

Современные социотехнические системы в различных областях характеризуются наличием в их составе большого количества интеллектуального оборудования, которое может самостоятельно регулировать собственное потребление энергии, а также взаимодействовать с другими потребителями в процессах принятия решений и управления. Одна из таких отраслей - энергетика, где самоорганизация и системы коллективного потребления являются наиболее перспективными с точки зрения обеспечения эффективности использования энергоресурсов. Рассмотрены подходы к установлению статических и динамических тарифов на электроэнергию. Проведено сравнение двух моделей энергопотребления - статического двухтарифного и динамического, учитывающих рациональное поведение умных устройств, способных выбирать лучшие режимы для потребления электроэнергии. Показано влияние количества таких устройств на возможность достижения равномерного потребления при использовании второй модели. Modern socio-technical systems in various fields include a large number of smart equipment that can independently regulate its own energy consumption, as well as interact with other consumers in decision-making and management processes. Energy is one of these areas. Self-organization and collective self-consumption are the most promising in terms of ensuring the efficiency of energy use. Existing and prospective approaches to using static and dynamic time-based tariffs are under consideration. The paper presents a mathematical description of two models of energy consumption: a static model based on the allocation of two zones with a fixed duration and tariffs for each one and a dynamic model of two-tariff accounting with feedback, which assumes tariffs changing based on the results of the analysis of current electricity consumption. A pilot study of both models was conducted by using energy consumption data and taking into account the rational behavior of smart devices as consumers who can choose the best periods for electricity consumption. During the experiments it was investigated how an increase in the share of smart devices in the composition of electricity consumers as well as options for establishing zones and tariffs, affect the possibility of achieving uniform consumption during the day. Experiments have shown that with a small proportion of smart devices, acceptable results that reduce the variation in the consumption function can favor usage of the model without feedback. An increase in the number of actors in the system inevitably requires including a feedback mechanism into the system that allows the resource supplier to prevent excessive concentration of smart devices during the period of the cheaper tariff. However, when the share of smart devices exceeds a certain critical value, a pronounced inversion of the times of cheap and expensive tariffs occurs in two successive iterations. In this case, in order to ensure a quite even distribution of electricity consumption, it is advisable for the supplier to return to the single tariff rate. Thus, an excessive increase in the number of actors in the system can neutralize the effect of their use

Rethinking Energy at the Crossroads

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Estimates ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The discovery of oil in Pennsylvania in 1859 was a relatively inconspicuous precursor to what would become an epic shift into the modern age of energy. At the time, the search for “rock oil” was driven by a perception that lighting fuel was running out. Advances in petrochemical refining and internal combustion engines had yet to occur, and oil was more expensive than coal. In less than 100 years, oil gained worldwide prominence as an energy source and traded commodity. Along similar lines, electricity in the early 1900s powered less than 10% of the homes in the United States. Yet, in under a half a century, billions of homes around the world were equipped to utilize the refined form of energy. Estimates indicate that roughly 85% of the world’s population had access to electricity in 2014 (World Bank, n.d.b). For both petroleum and electricity, significant changes in energy use and associated technologies were closely linked to evolutions in infrastructure, institutions, investment, and practices. Today, countless decision-makers are focusing on transforming energy systems from fossil fuels to low carbon energy which is widely deemed to be a cleaner, more sustainable form of energy. As of 2016, 176 countries have renewable energy targets in place, compared to 43 in 2005 (Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century [REN21], 2017). Many jurisdictions are also setting increasingly ambitious targets for 100% renewable energy or electricity (Bloomberg New Energy Finance [BNEF], 2016). In 2015, the G7 and G20 committed to accelerate the provision of access to renewables and efficiency (REN21, 2016). In conjunction with all of the above priorities, clean energy investment surged in 2015 to a new record of $329 billion, despite low, fossil fuel prices. A significant “decoupling” of economic and carbon dioxide (CO2) growth was also evident, due in part to China’s increased use of renewable energy and efforts by member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to foster greater use of renewables and efficiency (REN21, 2016).

Energy and Economic Analysis for Greenhouse Envelope Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1795-1810
Author(s):  
James Bambara ◽  
Andreas K. Athienitis
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
The North ◽  
North Wall

Abstract. The energy consumption of a building is significantly impacted by its envelope design, particularly for greenhouses where coverings typically provide high heat and daylight transmission. Energy and life cycle cost (LCC) analysis were used to identify the most cost-effective cladding design for a greenhouse located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (45.4° N) that employs supplemental lighting. The base case envelope design uses single glazing, whereas the two alternative designs consist of replacing the glass with twin-wall polycarbonate and adding foil-faced rigid insulation (permanent or movable) on the interior surface of the glass. All the alternative envelope designs increased electricity consumption for lighting and decreased heating energy use except when permanent or movable insulation was applied to the north wall and in the case of permanent insulation on the north wall plus polycarbonate on the east wall. This demonstrates how the use of reflective opaque insulation on the north wall can be beneficial for redirecting light onto the crops to achieve simultaneous reductions in electricity and heating energy costs. A maximum reduction in LCC of 5.5% (net savings of approximately $130,000) was achieved when permanent insulation was applied to the north and east walls plus polycarbonate on the west wall. This alternative envelope design increased electricity consumption for horticultural lighting by 4.3%, reduced heating energy use by 15.6%, and caused greenhouse gas emissions related to energy consumption to decrease by 14.7%. This analysis demonstrates how energy and economic analysis can be employed to determine the most suitable envelope design based on local climate and economic conditions. Keywords: Artificial lighting, Consistent daily light integral, Energy modeling, Envelope design, Greenhouse, Life cycle cost analysis, Light emitting diode, Local agriculture.

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