scholarly journals Life Cycle Cost Analysis Comparison of Hot Mix Asphalt and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4411
Author(s):  
Waqas Rafiq ◽  
Muhammad Ali Musarat ◽  
Muhammad Altaf ◽  
Madzlan Napiah ◽  
Muslich Hartadi Sutanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Cost Difference ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Manufacturing Plants

In the construction and maintenance of asphalt pavement, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is being widely used as a cheaper alternative to the conventional hot mix asphalt (HMA). HMA incorporated with a high RAP content (e.g., 40%), which is the most commonly used, may have prominent adverse effects on life cycle, performance properties, and related costs. Thus, before utilizing RAP, it is essential to investigate whether it is still economical to use under the local climate by taking into consideration the life cycle performance. Therefore, for this paper, a case study was conducted using 20% RAP, assessed in terms of materials related to cost analysis. The results of the analysis showed that, from the total life cycle costing measurement, a total of 14% cost reduction was reported using RAP as compared to conventional materials. Moreover, the two materials (conventional HMA and RAP) are manufactured in different types of manufacturing plants. Thus, in analyzing the cost difference between the two chosen manufacturing plants for virgin materials and RAP, a total of 57% cost reduction was observed for a RAP manufacturing plant. Besides this, no cost difference was observed in the rest of the phases, such as manpower, materials transportation, and construction activities, as the same procedures and types of machinery are used. Furthermore, assessing the carbon dioxide impact and cost, the transportation and machinery emissions were considered, while the plant’s operation emission was omitted due to the unavailability of the data.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Costs Analysis of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Under Future Climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaning Qiao ◽  
Eshan Dave ◽  
Tony Parry ◽  
Omar Valle ◽  
Lingyun Mi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Agency Costs ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has received wide application in asphalt pavement construction and maintenance and it has shown cost-effectiveness over virgin hot mix asphalt (HMA). HMA with a high content of reclaimed asphalt (RA) (e.g., 40%) is sometimes used in practice, however, it may have significant adverse effects on the life cycle performance and related costs. In particular, challenges may arise as the life cycle performance of RAP is also affected by local climatic conditions. Thus, it is important to investigate whether it is still economic to use RAP under future local climate, with consideration of life cycle performance. A case study was conducted for various road structures on Interstate 95 (I-95) in New Hampshire (NH), USA for the investigation. The case study utilized dynamic modulus testing results for local virgin HMA and HMA with 40% RA (as major material alternatives) to predict life cycle performance of the selected pavement structures, considering downscaled future climates. Then, a life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) was considered to estimate and compare the life cycle cash flow of the investigated road structures. Responsive maintenance (overlay) and effectiveness were also considered in this study. It was found that using 40% RA in HMA can reduce agency costs by up to approximately 18% under the 2020–2040 predicted climate and NH should consider this practice under predicted future climate to reduce agency costs.

Fatigue and Stiffness Evaluations of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 102699 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Mitchell ◽  
R. E. Link ◽  
Feipeng Xiao ◽  
Serji N. Amirkhanian ◽  
Boli Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt

Laboratory Investigation of Mixing Hot-Mix Asphalt with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement

2005 ◽  
Vol 1929 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoshan Huang ◽  
Guoqiang Li ◽  
Dragan Vukosavljevic ◽  
Xiang Shu ◽  
Brian K. Egan
Keyword(s):  
Layered Structure ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Aged Asphalt ◽  
Blending Process

This paper presents a laboratory study in which the blending process of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) with virgin mixture was analyzed through controlled experiments. One type of screened RAP was blended with virgin (new) coarse aggregate at different percentages. A blended mixture containing 20% of screened RAP was subjected to staged extraction and recovery. The result from this experiment indicated that only a small portion of aged asphalt in RAP actually participated in the remixing process; other portions formed a stiff coating around RAP aggregates, and RAP functionally acted as “composite black rock.” The resulting composite layered structure was desirable to improve the performance of the hot-mix asphalt mixture.

scholarly journals Reuse of bituminous pavements: A mini-review of research, regulations and modelling

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joke Anthonissen ◽  
Wim Van den bergh ◽  
Johan Braet
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures

Bituminous pavement can be recycled – even multiple times – by reusing it in new bituminous mixtures. If the mechanical properties of the binder get worse, this reclaimed asphalt is often used in the sub-structure of the road. Apparently, up till now, no end-of-life phase exists for the material. Actually, defining the end-of-life and the end-of-waste stage of a material is important for life cycle assessment modelling. Various standards and scientific studies on modelling life cycle assessment are known, but the crucial stages are not yet defined for reclaimed asphalt pavement. Unlike for iron, steel and aluminium scrap, at this moment, no legislative end-of-waste criteria for aggregates are formulated by the European Commission. More research is necessary in order to develop valuable end-of-life criteria for aggregates. This contribution is a mini-review article of the current regulations, standards and studies concerning end-of-life and end-of-waste of reclaimed asphalt pavement. The existing methodology in order to define end-of-waste criteria, a case study on aggregates and the argumentation used in finished legislative criteria are the basis to clarify some modelling issues for reclaimed asphalt material. Hence, this contribution elucidates the assignment of process environmental impacts to a life cycle stage as defined by EN15804, that is, end-of-life stage (C) and the supplementary information Module D with benefits and loads beyond the system boundary.

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