scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Entrepreneurial Initiative: Building a Multi-Country Taxonomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4065
Author(s):  
Mariana Pita ◽  
Joana Costa ◽  
António Carrizo Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Entrepreneurship Policy ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action ◽  
Using Data

The main goal of this article is to appraise the existence of different patterns of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystems, to identify its relationship with Entrepreneurial Initiative, and recommend entrepreneurship policies that may influence the growth of entrepreneurial action. Without evidence on entrepreneurial ecosystems landscape and what determinants stimulate entrepreneurship in a given environment, policies could become flawed and miss the target. To address research purposes, the analysis was performed using data extracted from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Database carried out between 2010 and 2016. To ensure a longitudinal perspective, it was used a balanced panel approach followed by Logistic Regression estimations. The article offers a novel and systematic approach, the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Taxonomy, to overcome a disaggregated perspective on entrepreneurial ecosystems, between individual and context levels. Empirical findings capture four different country profiles, based on two measures: Entrepreneurial ecosystems and entrepreneurial initiative. The results allow to compare the four groups and appraise significant disparities around entrepreneurship determinants, namely, the education factor. While education is commonly recognized as a positive influence on entrepreneurship, the results suggest a contradictory effect. The existence of differentiated profiles and its determinants points outs the importance of developing specific entrepreneurship policy packages attending group specificities.

scholarly journals The Effect of University Missions on Entrepreneurial Initiative across Multiple Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Evidence from Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
Mariana Pita ◽  
Joana Costa ◽  
António Carrizo Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurial University ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Entrepreneurial Universities ◽  
Third Mission ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Need Support ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurial universities are a significant element of entrepreneurial ecosystems and aspire to foster entrepreneurial initiative through their “third mission”. However, while entrepreneurial ecosystems are scrutinized using a contextual approach to detect differences and similarities and how they affect entrepreneurship, little is known about how entrepreneurial universities impact entrepreneurial initiatives in general, considering multiple environments. Drawing on entrepreneurial university and entrepreneurial ecosystem theories, a conceptual framework is proposed that aims to explain the effect of the entrepreneurial university on an entrepreneurial initiative through its three “missions”, using an entrepreneurial ecosystem taxonomy. Based on individual data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, this entrepreneurial initiative analyzed 18 European countries in 2017. The results do not generally support the importance of entrepreneurial universities to entrepreneurial initiative. The relevance of entrepreneurial universities increases in more fragile entrepreneurial ecosystems since individuals need support over multiple dimensions. Conversely, the entrepreneurial universities that are embedded in stronger entrepreneurial ecosystems lose relevance and negatively affect the entrepreneurial initiative. Therefore, the value of entrepreneurial universities is reduced when individuals receive greater support from other dimensions. The variations across both groups suggest that the concept of entrepreneurial universities is not a contemporaneous phenomenon; however, their effect is progressively revealed by the maturity of each university’s mission. This perspective substantially changes the understanding of entrepreneurial universities as a thwartwise strategy, suggesting that the universities’ impact is expanded as their missions gradually evolve. Overall, the study contributes to an understanding of the implications for universities that blindly follow entrepreneurship, neglecting the exogenous environment, namely, the entrepreneurial ecosystem and individual drive.

High Value-Added Business Angels at post-investment stages: Key predictors

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 949-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Hoyos-Iruarrizaga ◽  
Ana Fernández-Sainz ◽  
María Saiz-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Business Angels ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
Start Ups

This article examines the differences and features displayed by business angels (BAs), depending on the extent of their involvement with, and support for, the start-ups they finance measured by expertise, experience and contacts. With a sample of 293 Spanish BAs, using data obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) survey, our results indicate that investors who develop more rigorous screening processes in the pre-investment process and hold regular meetings with founder teams are more likely to become High Value-Added Business Angels (HVBAs). Accordingly, the ability of BAs to transfer so-called ‘smart capital’ is conditioned by the levels of screening and assessment applied at the pre-investment stage in terms of both the quality of projects and founder teams and the extent to which the expectations and profiles of the two parties match.

The More the Merrier? Immigrant Share and Entrepreneurial Activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 698-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengguang Li ◽  
Rodrigo Isidor ◽  
Luis Alfonso Dau ◽  
Rudy Kabst
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Spillover ◽  
New Firms ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Spillover Theory ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Knowledge Spillover Theory ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Relationship

We examine the relationship between immigrant share and entrepreneurial activities in a country. Building on knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship (KSTE), we hypothesize that immigrant share positively relates to the creation, growth, and export activities of new firms through knowledge spillover between immigrant and native communities. We further suggest that favorable attitudes of natives toward immigrants positively moderate this relationship. Using data for 32 countries from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, we find support for the hypothesized direct relationships and for the moderating influence of a nation's attitude toward immigrants. Our study has implications for KSTE and research on entrepreneurship and immigration.

scholarly journals Female Entrepreneurship a comparison between Mexico, Brasil and Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Elizundia
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Key Indicators

The aim of this study was to analyze female entrepreneurship in Mexico, Brazil, and Chile using data obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) for each country and to analyze, whether any of the key indicators have significant influence in the female entrepreneurial activity, comparing the results with total and male entrepreneurial activity and comparing the results in all three countries. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression was employed. The results show that some of these factors do have a significant influence in female entrepreneurship, that they are the same on comparison with total and male entrepreneurship, and that these factors (except for believing that participants have the required abilities to start a business) are not the same when comparing all three countries. There is still a lack of literature studies on this phenomenon, especially in Latin America. This study attempts to fill this gap.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Behaviour on the New Silk Road: Space for Improvement?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Jiří Novosák ◽  
Radek Jurčík
Keyword(s):  
Positive Influence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behaviour ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Road Space ◽  
Country Clusters ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
The One

Abstract A number of studies point out a positive influence of entrepreneurship on economic growth. This is due to the role that entrepreneurs play in the economy by utilizing new knowledge, shaping markets, and pushing out unproductive incumbents. The ambitious One Belt One Road Initiative, which recently includes sixty Asian, African and European countries, aims at stimulating global economic development and prosperity. From the theoretical point of view, entrepreneurship is crucial for achieving the aim. Consequently, the intent of this paper is to analyze entrepreneurial behavior of the countries participated in the One Belt One Road Initiative, using the data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). Distinct country clusters are identified and their entrepreneurial characteristics are interpreted.

scholarly journals Unveiling Entrepreneurial Ecosystems’ Transformation: A GEM Based Portrait

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Mariana Pita ◽  
Joana Costa ◽  
António Carrizo Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Acculturation Process ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Entrepreneurship Theory ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Contextual Determinants ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
The Impact

Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (EEs) have attracted the attention of academics, practitioners, and policymakers, that attempt to unlock ‘a winning recipe’ considering the different EEs pillars in order to ignite entrepreneurship at large. Therefore, understanding the degree of influence of each pillar on Entrepreneurial Initiative (EI) is helpful in framing more effective policies towards entrepreneurship. This study aims to bring a new facet to entrepreneurship research, specifically on decomposing the transformation of EEs and the influence of EEs pillars on EI. The transformation of EEs is shown by a balanced panel approach based on the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) dataset over 8 years (2010–2017), comprising 18 countries. The study has several implications for entrepreneurship theory and practice as well as public policy since discusses three main issues, mainly supported by empirical results. First, the results show an unbalanced influence of EEs pillars on EI. Second, results also show the ineffectiveness of institutions in encouraging the desire to act entrepreneurially. Third, entrepreneurship needs to be part of the acculturation process evidencing the importance of collective normative. Therefore, providing the instruments and structures is not enough to encourage individuals to start an entrepreneurial journey. Generally, the results reveal that contextual determinants are significant in fostering entrepreneurial propensity to start a business. But the impact of the nine pillars is not equalized, revealing a fragmented influence with funding measures, R&D transfer, and cultural and social norms discouraging entrepreneurial initiative. Overall, the study contributes to the understanding of a multidimensional perspective on EEs and points future policy directions to overcome the lack of entrepreneurship and amend flawed entrepreneurship policies.

Investigating the success factors of the Nordic entrepreneurial ecosystem – talent transformation as a key process

2021 ◽  
pp. 146575032110512
Author(s):  
Lisa Steigertahl ◽  
René Mauer
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Central Characteristic

This paper explores talent transformation from a pool of entrepreneurial talent to successful entrepreneurs as a central characteristic of a successful entrepreneurial ecosystem. To this end, we link related literature streams around cluster theory and regional innovation systems and expand them by drawing on the literature of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Starting out, we review literature on contextual factors that drive the success of entrepreneurial ecosystems and employ qualitative expert interviews to uncover nuances of a qualitative entrepreneurial ecosystem. Based on the interviews and by interlinking the factors identified in literature to have a positive influence on entrepreneurial ecosystems, we introduce talent transformation as a potential key process for the flourishing of entrepreneurial ecosystems and find the social and contextual business environment to be the main independent co-factors. By investigating the European best-practice example of the Nordic countries, we develop and introduce a three-phased talent transformation process and make concrete recommendations for entrepreneurial ecosystem development that can be applied in any geographic context.

scholarly journals The influence of human and relational capital on the rapid internationalization of firms

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Baier-Fuentes ◽  
Esther Hormiga ◽  
José Ernesto Amorós ◽  
David Urbano
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
International Entrepreneurship ◽  
Relational Capital ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare the influence of entrepreneurs’ human and relational capital on the rapid internationalization of their firms from two economically different contexts.Design/methodology/approachThis study was developed using data that were collected from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor of Spain and Chile. A logistic regression analysis was used to examine and compare the influence of some elements of entrepreneurs’ human and relational capital on the likelihood of their firms’ rapid internationalization.FindingsThe results revealed that Chilean entrepreneurs rely more on their formal education or experience to rapidly internationalize their firms. In contrast, Spanish entrepreneurs complement their formal education with their relational capital to conduct international entrepreneurial activities.Research limitations/implicationsThe implications of this study are related to the role that public policies play in promoting these types of entrepreneurial initiatives.Originality/valueThis study presents several contributions. First, it advances the understanding of entrepreneurial internationalization in emerging economic contexts. Second, it provides a comparative study regarding entrepreneurial internationalization, which is considered a fundamental current in the field of international entrepreneurship. Finally, this comparative study improves our understanding of the influence of different economic contexts on entrepreneurial internationalization.

Do You Need to be Risk-Tolerant to Become an Entrepreneur? The Importance of the Reference Point

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Fuentelsaz ◽  
Juan P. Maicas ◽  
Javier Montero
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
High Educational Level ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Entrepreneurial Entry ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Educational

AbstractThe creation of new ventures involves a great deal of risk and uncertainty. However, research has been theoretically divergent and empirically inconclusive about the influence of individuals’ risk tolerance on entrepreneurial entry. In this paper, we argue that this relationship is contingent on the reference point of individuals, taking into account the human capital and the opportunity cost of individuals when they decide to start a venture. This approach allows us to clarify some of the previous mixed results in the literature. We use a sample of almost 600,000 individuals from 90 countries that have participated in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor project between 2010 and 2014. Our results show that individuals with previous experience as entrepreneurs do not need to be so risk-tolerant to set up their own venture, while individuals with a job and/or a high educational level need to be especially risk-tolerant to become entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial ecosystems: Founding figures and research frontiers in economic geography

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susann Schäfer ◽  
Heike Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Geography ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Research Frontiers

Abstract The editorial for the special issue on entrepreneurial ecosystems summarizes the ongoing debate on the entrepreneurial ecosystem concept and portrays the backgrounds of founding figures of the concept. It traces the unique contribution of this issue with regard to recently published research. The contributions deal with the measurement of and the role of specific actors and institutions in entrepreneurial ecosystems.

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