scholarly journals Economic and Environmental Assessment of Two Different Rain Water Harvesting Systems for Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3871
Author(s):  
Luigi Pari ◽  
Alessandro Suardi ◽  
Walter Stefanoni ◽  
Francesco Latterini ◽  
Nadia Palmieri
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Pond System ◽  
Rain Water Harvesting ◽  
Harvesting Systems

Increasing aridity and subsequent water scarcity are currently among the major problems of agriculture. Rainwater harvesting could represent a way to tackle this issue, and, as a consequence, scientific research has been more and more focused on such topic. On the other hand, few scientific studies related to economic and environmental assessment of rainwater harvesting systems in agriculture are available. The present study carried out an economic and environmental analysis of two different systems for rainwater harvesting: a typical pond and an innovative flexible water storage system (FWSS). The environmental and economic performance of the systems was compared using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) methodologies, referring to a functional unit (FU) of 1 m3 of storable water. The FWSS showed better environmental end economic performance than the pond system, resulting with both lower environmental impacts (17.04 g per m3 CO2vs 28.2 g per m3 CO2) and lower costs (16.94 € per m3vs 20.41 € per m3). Moreover, the pond system was more impactful than the FWSS for all the 17 categories investigated. Therefore, the FWSS can be a suitable solution for water harvesting in agriculture sector, showing interesting features for farmers.

scholarly journals Evaluating Energy and Cost Requirements for Different Configurations of Off-Grid Rainwater Harvesting Systems

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1024
Author(s):  
Heather Rose ◽  
Charles Upshaw ◽  
Michael Webber
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
System Model ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
System Configurations

The goal of this analysis was to evaluate energy and cost requirements for different configurations of a rainwater harvesting (RWH) system in conjunction with a solar PV and energy storage system for an off-grid house. Using models in fluid mechanics, we evaluated energy and power requirements for four different system configurations: 1. An On-Demand System containing a single speed pump (OD-SS), 2. An On-Demand System containing a variable speed pump (OD-VS), 3. A Pressurized Storage System where water is pumped once during the day into a large pressurized tank for later consumption and treated on demand via UV light (PS-AOT), and 4. A Pressurized Storage System where water is treated once per day via UV light and then stored for later consumption (PS-TO). Our analysis showed that the OD-SS system model requires 2.63 kWh per day, the OD-VS system model requires a total energy of 1.65 kWh per day, and the PS-AOT requires 1.67–1.69 kWh per day depending on the pump size, and the PS-TO system requires 0.19–0.36 kWh per day depending on the pump size. When comparing estimated cost between systems, we found the OD-SS system to be the most expensive. With the OD-SS system as a base for system costs, we found the OD-VS system to be 39% less expensive, the PS-AOT system to be 21% less expensive, and the PS-TO system to be 60% less expensive than the base OD-SS system.

scholarly journals The Effect of In-Field Rain Water Harvesting on Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato Biomass and Yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
S. M. Laurie ◽  
N. Nhlabatsi ◽  
H. M. Ngobeni ◽  
S. S. Tjale
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Rain Water Harvesting ◽  
Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato

Water scarcity affects both food security and human nutrition. In-field rain water harvesting (IRWH) combines the advantages of rainwater harvesting, no-till, basin tillage and mulching on high drought risk clay soils. In this study, the IRWH system was customized to fit the cropping system of orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP). Field trials were conducted over two seasons to compare cultivation of OFSP using IRWH versus conventional tillage (CON). Data collection included plant survival, root initiation, marketable root yield, unmarketable root yield classes and biomass. Planting OFSP using the IRWH system resulted in significantly higher total biomass, higher marketable and total root yield per plant, as well as larger number of roots per plant compared to CON. Despite the relatively higher yield, total production (t/ha) was only significantly higher in season two at 4.6 t/ha vs 2.7 t/ha for CON. Subsistence farmers and households in semi-arid areas may grow small plots of orange-fleshed sweet potato in IRWH opposed to only growing maize and in that way add vitamin A to the diet. This is the first study on the application of IRWH to produce OFSP under rainfed conditions, and more research can be conducted to expand the knowledge on application and benefits of IRWH for OFSP production.

The Application of Rain Water Harvesting Method on a Low Income Flat in Cengkareng, Jakarta

2015 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosica Mariana ◽  
Junius Ngadinata ◽  
Renhata Katili ◽  
Religiana Hendarti
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Rain Water Harvesting ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Alternative Water

This paper presents a study of the application of the theory of rainwater harvesting for a low income flat in West Jakarta. The background of this study is that Jakarta as a capital city of Indonesia is actually experiencing water crisis because of the rapid population growth and the building construction. This rapid development in consequence affects a reduction on the ground water supply. Therefore, this study analyse the amount of rain water that can be an alternative water supply particularly for a low income flat. This study focused on the water supply for the flushing toilet. To accommodate that objective, a brief calculation of water catchment area and the amount of water that can be harvested has been conducted. The results showed that in general the water supplied by the rain water harvesting can provided 100% annually, but since the precipitation in August is relatively low, in consequence, the water suply should be provided by the local government water company (PDAM).

scholarly journals Toward improving household livelihoods using rain water harvesting technologies in Matungulu sub-county, Machakos, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wekesa ◽  
John Muthama ◽  
Jane Mutune
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
County Government ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Rain Water Harvesting ◽  
Household Livelihoods ◽  
The Impact

Better utilization of rainfall through rainwater harvesting can greatly increase agricultural productivity, improve food security and alleviate poverty. Water is the main limiting resource for crop production in arid sub-Saharan Africa. The biggest challenge currently is growing water shortage and dwindling rivers. This has impacted the livelihoods of rural population in arid and semi-arid counties. The introduction of novel rain-water harvesting (RWH) is, however, seeking to mitigate the effects of perennial droughts in arid areas. Successful adoption of such technologies has the potential to alleviate water problems faced by rural households. In Kenya, very little research has been conducted about adoption of water harvesting technologies and their role in curbing water shortages. Therefore, there was a need to interrogate the extent to which adoption of water harvesting technologies has impacted households in Matungulu Sub-County. Focus group discussions, interview with key informants, and structured questionnaires were used to collect data for the study which were then analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. The findings indicated that overall, a composite mean of 4.04 and a standard deviation of 0.699 of the respondents agreed that incentives from the county government significantly promoted water harvesting technologies. This was confirmed by a positively strong and significant correlation between the integration of RHT in the county development agenda and the impact on household livelihoods. A further regression analysis indicated that Integration of RHT had a positive and significant influence on household livelihoods (β= 0.755, t=22.351, p=0.000<0.05). Results of this survey indicate that rainwater technologies are financed mostly by household heads and county government initiatives have not been adequately felt. There is a strong indication from the study that water harvesting technologies had a statistically significant influence on the impact on household livelihoods. To ensure sustainability of rainwater harvesting technologies, the study recommends that Machakos

scholarly journals Financial Analysisof Rain Water Harvesting Tools in Pamor Hamlet, Banjardowo Village, Kradenan Sub District, Grobogan District

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Nur Ainun Jariyah ◽  
Purwanto Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Rain Water Harvesting ◽  
Deep Infiltration ◽  
Engineering Models ◽  
Supporting Materials ◽  
Financial Analyses

The drought that occurs in the dry season is one of the hydrometeorological disasters. A total of 82 villages of 12 districts in Grobogan, Central Java, experience a clean water crisis due to drought because the well, as their main source of water, is likely to go dry. Therefore, a solution is needed to anticipate the water shortage. The aims of this paper is to analyze financially the water harvesting building which can be used as a reference for the community. The research was conducted in Pamor Hamlet, Banjardowo Village, Kradenan District, Grobogan Regency. The method used was to build the rainwater harvesting engineering models, namely (a) recycling tools for washing and bathing, (b) dirt filter wells, (c) three meters depth infiltration wells (1 well and 2 wells), and (d) five meters deep infiltration wells (1 well and 2 wells). Data collection was done by conducting a survey of the community. The data collected were the costs required for the construction of the rainwater harvesting equipment, maintenance, electricity, supporting materials, etc. The income was approached with replacement costs if the community buys water during the dry season. The financial analyses of NPV, IRR, BCR, and PP were employed. The results showed several feasible models to be applied, namely recycling equipment for washing and bathing, dirt filtering equipment, three meters deep infiltration wells (1 piece) and a depth of 5 meters (1 piece). This model is very good to be adopted by the community because it is easy and has minimal costs.

Life cycle assessment of rainwater harvesting systems for Brazilian semi‐arid households

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-330
Author(s):  
Thiago Barbosa de Jesus ◽  
Alice Costa Kiperstok ◽  
Eduardo Borges Cohim
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Semi Arid

Multi-method efficiency analysis of Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Corredor Seco region, Central America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Bresci ◽  
Giulio Castelli ◽  
Nadia Ursino ◽  
Antonio Giacomin ◽  
Federico Preti
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Rainfall Time Series ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Harvesting Systems

&lt;p&gt;The region of Corridor Seco (Dry Corridor, including parts of Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador) has been facing multiple food crises caused by extreme weather events, water scarcity and land degradation phenomena. In this situation, Rooftop Water Harvesting (RWH) systems can effectively enhance local livelihoods, especially in marginalized communities, by providing an additional water source for domestic use, livestock, and irrigation of small horticultural plots which are key for vegetable production and thus for vitaminic input in a well-balanced diet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dimensioning sufficient storage tanks for rainwater collection is key, since smallholder farmers&amp;#8217; capabilities are often hindered by low financial capacity as well as by limited land extension for reservoir building.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Efficiency of storage tanks and design criteria for water harvesting systems are investigated on the base of rainfall time series analysis, probabilistic risk assessment and Monte Carlo simulation (Ursino, 2016). The approach is tested on a series of (RWH) systems built in Guatemalan part of the Corredor Seco, Chiquimula department, with sustainable and appropriate building techniques, but with variable size due to the variability of each household. Factors affecting efficiency of storage tanks are discussed to inform future sustainable water management planning in the area.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reference:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ursino, N. Risk Analysis Approach to Rainwater Harvesting Systems. Water 2016, 8, 337. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8080337&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Assessing Land Suitability for Rainwater Harvesting Using Geospatial Techniques: A Case Study of Njoro Catchment, Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Maina ◽  
J. M. Raude
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Number Range ◽  
Geospatial Techniques ◽  
Rain Water Harvesting ◽  
Ground Water Recharge

Water demand increases as population increases leading to overexploitation of water resource. Consequently, there is need for improved water resources management complemented with rain water harvesting within the catchments. This study sought to assess land suitability for surface runoff harvesting using geospatial techniques. Land use/land cover maps of the area were derived from Landsat image. Land use and soils data were used in generating curve number map of the catchment. Lineaments greatly affect the storage depending on whether runoff is for surface storage or ground water recharge purposes. As a result, ArcGIS was used in delineating the lineaments from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the catchment. Further, using weighted overlay the catchment was grouped into categories of restricted, not suitable, moderately suitable, suitable, or highly suitable. The study found that forest, agriculture, and built-up areas occupied about 39.42%, 36.32%, and 1.35% of catchment area, respectively. A large part of catchment was found to have curve number range of 82–89. About 50% of the catchment was found to fall within suitable and highly suitable categories. This implied that a great potential exists for rain water harvesting within the catchment.

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