scholarly journals Organizational Forms and Agri-Environmental Practices: The Case of Brazilian Dairy Farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3762
Author(s):  
Tiago Teixeira da Silva Siqueira ◽  
Danielle Galliano ◽  
Geneviève Nguyen ◽  
Ferenc Istvan Bánkuti
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Organizational Characteristics ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
Environmental Practices ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The One ◽  
Ecological Transition

Understanding the relationship between the organizational characteristics of a farm and its environmental performance is essential to support the agro-ecological transition of farms. This is even more important as very few studies on the subject have been undertaken and as there is a growing diversity of organizational forms of farms that differ from the traditional family model. This paper proposes a comprehensively integrated approach of dairy farms in Brazil. A case study of six archetypes of farms with contrasted organizational characteristics is developed to explore the relations between, on the one hand, farms’ organizational structure and governance, and on the other hand, the adoption of agri-environmental practices. Results show that the adoption of agri-environmental practices varies across the wide range of farm’s organizational forms—from the family to the industrial models. Farms with limited internal resources depend more specifically on external sectoral or territorial resources to implement environmental practices. If the environment is conducive to the creation of incentives and coordination mechanisms underlying learning processes, farms will adopt agri-environmental practices, regardless of they are organized. The creation of local cooperatives, farmer’s networks and universities extension programs can strengthen farmers’ absorption, adaptation and transformation capacities and boost the adoption of environmental practices. Finally, considering farms as heterogeneous organizational forms in terms of human capital, resources, market, and informational access is essential to accelerate the agroecological transition.

scholarly journals Small-Firm Networks: hybrid arrangement or organizational form?

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (69) ◽  
pp. 275-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Renato Verschoore ◽  
Alsones Balestrin ◽  
Alexandre Perucia
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Small Firm ◽  
Organizational Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organizational Characteristics ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Relevant Question ◽  
Firm Networks ◽  
The One

In the field of organizations, one relevant question is whether or not to consider networks as organizational forms. On the one hand, Williamson (1985) says that networks are hybrid arrangements. On the other, authors like Powell (1990) argue that networks constitute themselves as organizational forms. Given this dilemma, the present article proposes the analysis of organizational characteristics of small-firm networks (SFN). To reach such objective, twelve SFNs in distinct stages of development were analyzed. The results show that SFNs constitute themselves as singular organization forms which boundaries and identities are delineated by strategy, structure, coordination, processes and relationships.

Linking Health To Geology

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony R. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Medical Geology ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Distinct Character ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The One

In staking the ground for any new field of science, its distinct character needs to be established. In our opinion, the already large literature on geology and health, including the chapters in this volume, provide two clear arguments for distinctiveness. First, medical geology extends the primary concern of geologists with the interactions between rocks, soils, water, and air to the effects of these interactions on the health of humans and other living organisms. Though one focus of medical geology is the search for the origins of disease in the natural geological background, there is also interest in the obvious benefits that the major, minor, and trace elements and the essential molecules found in soils, surface, and groundwater, and in the air we breathe, bring to health and well-being. Second, this new field is truly cross-disciplinary; it requires the melding of two distinct research efforts, the one focused on geology, with all its subdisciplines, and the other on living forms. Different viewpoints can be myopic, and to increase understanding of the health implications of the natural background requires the involvement not only of a wide range of earth scientists, but also of researchers and practitioners in medicine, dentistry, veterinary science, biology, botany, agriculture, and ecology, among others. From the viewpoint of the life scientists, medical geology could be regarded as a subdivision of “environmental medicine” (Möller 2000). This increasingly important aspect of medicine includes consideration of airborne pathways of disease, ozone depletion, algal blooms, the organohalogens, and mycotoxins found as part of the ‘ecology’ of the built environment (buildings, factories). In general, the purview is any factor in the natural or human environment that affects health. The term “geomedicine” has been used extensively, especially by the late J. Lag (1990). However, unlike the well-established fields of geophysics and geochemistry, in which physics and chemistry are applied to geology, the new field is clearly not about the relevance of medical principles to geology. Rather, it is concerned with the application of geological knowledge and techniques to a more integrated approach to public health.

Light Dramaturgy as an Element of an Integrated Approach to the Creation of Museum Expositions and Exhibition Projects

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
Nicolay R. Vorobyov
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Lighting Design ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Scientific Concepts ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Artistic Styles ◽  
The Creation

Architectural and artistic construction of museum is one of the most complex genres in environment development and design, with its inherent qualities, means of expressiveness, principles of environment and image development, scientific concepts, in the context of historical development, artistic styles and trends. The author of the article considers the artistic lighting design in isolation from the integral dramaturgy of the project to be deeply flawed, and the setting of accent lighting at the final stage Ц to be simple, but not outstanding. Based on extensive hands-on experience in the construction of museum expositions, the author of the article reveals some peculiarities, especially significant to the participants of the lighting system setting for museums and other cultural facilities.

General Trend of Negative Transference Number in Li Salt/Ionic Liquid Mixtures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Molinari ◽  
Jonathan P. Mailoa ◽  
Boris Kozinsky
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Single Linkage ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Single Linkage Cluster ◽  
Concentrated Solution ◽  
The One ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

We show that strong cation-anion interactions in a wide range of lithium-salt/ionic liquid mixtures result in a negative lithium transference number, using molecular dynamics simulations and rigorous concentrated solution theory. This behavior fundamentally deviates from the one obtained using self-diffusion coefficient analysis and agrees well with experimental electrophoretic NMR measurements, which accounts for ion correlations. We extend these findings to several ionic liquid compositions. We investigate the degree of spatial ionic coordination employing single-linkage cluster analysis, unveiling asymmetrical anion-cation clusters. Additionally, we formulate a way to compute the effective lithium charge that corresponds to and agrees well with electrophoretic measurements and show that lithium effectively carries a negative charge in a remarkably wide range of chemistries and concentrations. The generality of our observation has significant implications for the energy storage community, emphasizing the need to reconsider the potential of these systems as next generation battery electrolytes.<br>

The Image of the Hasmoneans: A New Perspective

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vered Noam
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
The Other ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
The Creation ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The One

In attempting to characterize Second Temple legends of the Hasmoneans, the concluding chapter identifies several distinct genres: fragments from Aramaic chronicles, priestly temple legends, Pharisaic legends, and theodicean legends explaining the fall of the Hasmonean dynasty. The chapter then examines, by generation, how Josephus on the one hand, and the rabbis on the other, reworked these embedded stories. The Josephan treatment aimed to reduce the hostility of the early traditions toward the Hasmoneans by imposing a contrasting accusatory framework that blames the Pharisees and justifies the Hasmonean ruler. The rabbinic treatment of the last three generations exemplifies the processes of rabbinization and the creation of archetypal figures. With respect to the first generation, the deliberate erasure of Judas Maccabeus’s name from the tradition of Nicanor’s defeat indicates that they chose to celebrate the Hasmonean victory but concealed its protagonists, the Maccabees, simply because no way was found to bring them into the rabbinic camp.

scholarly journals Modes of Interaction in Naturally Occurring Medical Encounters With General Practitioners: The “One in a Million” Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232199379
Author(s):  
Olaug S. Lian ◽  
Sarah Nettleton ◽  
Åge Wifstad ◽  
Christopher Dowrick
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Mode Competition ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One ◽  
Narrative Mode ◽  
Modes Of Interaction

In this article, we qualitatively explore the manner and style in which medical encounters between patients and general practitioners (GPs) are mutually conducted, as exhibited in situ in 10 consultations sourced from the One in a Million: Primary Care Consultations Archive in England. Our main objectives are to identify interactional modes, to develop a classification of these modes, and to uncover how modes emerge and shift both within and between consultations. Deploying an interactional perspective and a thematic and narrative analysis of consultation transcripts, we identified five distinctive interactional modes: question and answer (Q&A) mode, lecture mode, probabilistic mode, competition mode, and narrative mode. Most modes are GP-led. Mode shifts within consultations generally map on to the chronology of the medical encounter. Patient-led narrative modes are initiated by patients themselves, which demonstrates agency. Our classification of modes derives from complete naturally occurring consultations, covering a wide range of symptoms, and may have general applicability.

scholarly journals Entangling Lattice-Trapped Bosons with a Free Impurity: Impact on Stationary and Dynamical Properties

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Maxim Pyzh ◽  
Kevin Keiler ◽  
Simeon I. Mistakidis ◽  
Peter Schmelcher
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Entropy Measures ◽  
Particle Level ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Tunneling Dynamics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Trapped Bosons

We address the interplay of few lattice trapped bosons interacting with an impurity atom in a box potential. For the ground state, a classification is performed based on the fidelity allowing to quantify the susceptibility of the composite system to structural changes due to the intercomponent coupling. We analyze the overall response at the many-body level and contrast it to the single-particle level. By inspecting different entropy measures we capture the degree of entanglement and intraspecies correlations for a wide range of intra- and intercomponent interactions and lattice depths. We also spatially resolve the imprint of the entanglement on the one- and two-body density distributions showcasing that it accelerates the phase separation process or acts against spatial localization for repulsive and attractive intercomponent interactions, respectively. The many-body effects on the tunneling dynamics of the individual components, resulting from their counterflow, are also discussed. The tunneling period of the impurity is very sensitive to the value of the impurity-medium coupling due to its effective dressing by the few-body medium. Our work provides implications for engineering localized structures in correlated impurity settings using species selective optical potentials.

scholarly journals Bio-Inspired Modality Fusion for Active Speaker Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3397
Author(s):  
Gustavo Assunção ◽  
Nuno Gonçalves ◽  
Paulo Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Validation Process ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Speaker Detection ◽  
The One ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fusion Ability

Human beings have developed fantastic abilities to integrate information from various sensory sources exploring their inherent complementarity. Perceptual capabilities are therefore heightened, enabling, for instance, the well-known "cocktail party" and McGurk effects, i.e., speech disambiguation from a panoply of sound signals. This fusion ability is also key in refining the perception of sound source location, as in distinguishing whose voice is being heard in a group conversation. Furthermore, neuroscience has successfully identified the superior colliculus region in the brain as the one responsible for this modality fusion, with a handful of biological models having been proposed to approach its underlying neurophysiological process. Deriving inspiration from one of these models, this paper presents a methodology for effectively fusing correlated auditory and visual information for active speaker detection. Such an ability can have a wide range of applications, from teleconferencing systems to social robotics. The detection approach initially routes auditory and visual information through two specialized neural network structures. The resulting embeddings are fused via a novel layer based on the superior colliculus, whose topological structure emulates spatial neuron cross-mapping of unimodal perceptual fields. The validation process employed two publicly available datasets, with achieved results confirming and greatly surpassing initial expectations.

Numerical investigation of the propagation of shock waves in rigid porous materials: development of the computer code and comparison with experimental results

1996 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 163-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Levy ◽  
G. Ben-Dor ◽  
S. Sorek
Keyword(s):  
Porous Materials ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dimensional Version ◽  
The One

The governing equations of the flow field which is obtained when a thermoelastic rigid porous medium is struck head-one by a shock wave are developed using the multiphase approach. The one-dimensional version of these equations is solved numerically using a TVD-based numerical code. The numerical predictions are compared to experimental results and good to excellent agreements are obtained for different porous materials and a wide range of initial conditions.

scholarly journals Two-Segment Foot Model for the Biomechanical Analysis of Squat

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
E. Panero ◽  
L. Gastaldi ◽  
W. Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Foot Model ◽  
Partial Body ◽  
The One ◽  
Midtarsal Joint

Squat exercise is acquiring interest in many fields, due to its benefits in improving health and its biomechanical similarities to a wide range of sport motions and the recruitment of many body segments in a single maneuver. Several researches had examined considerable biomechanical aspects of lower limbs during squat, but not without limitations. The main goal of this study focuses on the analysis of the foot contribution during a partial body weight squat, using a two-segment foot model that considers separately the forefoot and the hindfoot. The forefoot and hindfoot are articulated by the midtarsal joint. Five subjects performed a series of three trials, and results were averaged. Joint kinematics and dynamics were obtained using motion capture system, two force plates closed together, and inverse dynamics techniques. The midtarsal joint reached a dorsiflexion peak of 4°. Different strategies between subjects revealed 4° supination and 2.5° pronation of the forefoot. Vertical GRF showed 20% of body weight concentrated on the forefoot and 30% on the hindfoot. The percentages varied during motion, with a peak of 40% on the hindfoot and correspondently 10% on the forefoot, while the traditional model depicted the unique constant 50% value. Ankle peak of plantarflexion moment, power absorption, and power generation was consistent with values estimated by the one-segment model, without statistical significance.

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