scholarly journals Simulating Human Visual Perception in Tunnel Portals

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3741
Author(s):  
Changjiang Liu ◽  
Qiuping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Human Visual Perception ◽  
Recognition Time ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Adaptation Time

To study the characteristics of light and dark adaptation in tunnel portals, and to determine the influencing factors in light–dark vision adaptation, basic tunnel lighting and linear design data were obtained. In this study, we used a light-shielded tent to simulate the dark environment of a tunnel, observe the driver recognition time for target objects during the light–dark adaptation process, and analyze the light–dark adaptation time of human vision. Based on the experimental data, we examined the relationships between age, gender, illuminance, and light and dark adaptation times, and established a model for these relationships. The experimental results show that the dark adaptation time is generally longer than the light adaptation time. The dark adaptation time is positively related to age and exhibits a cubic relationship. There is no significant correlation between the light adaptation time and age, but the overall trend is for the light adaptation time to gradually increase with increasing age. There is no correlation between gender and light and dark adaptation times, but there is a notable correlation between light and dark adaptation times and illuminance. When the illuminance ranges from 11,000 to 13,000 lux, the light and dark adaptation times are the longest.

scholarly journals Research on Light-Dark Adaptation of Human Vision in Tunnel Portals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjiang Liu ◽  
Qiuping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Recognition Time ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Adaptation Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tunnel Portal

Abstract To study the characteristics of light and dark adaptation in tunnel portal sections and to determine the influencing factors of light-dark vision adaptation, basic tunnel lighting and linear design data are obtained. In this paper, we use a light-shielded tent to simulate the dark environment of a tunnel in experiments, observe the driver recognition time of target objects during the light-dark adaptation process, and analyze the light-dark adaptation time of human vision. Based on a large number of experimental data, we examined the relationship between age, gender, illuminance and light and dark adaptation times and established a model of the relationship between age, illuminance and light and dark adaptation times. The experimental results revealed that the dark adaptation time is generally longer than the light adaptation time. The dark adaptation time is positively related to age and basically exhibits a cubic relationship. There is no significant correlation between the light adaptation time and age, but the overall trend is that the light adaptation time gradually increases with increasing age. There is no correlation between gender and light and dark adaptation times, but there is a notable correlation between the light and dark adaptation times and illuminance. When the illuminance ranges from 11000-13000 lux, the light and dark adaptation times are the longest.

scholarly journals Time-course of adaptations for electroretinography and pupillography

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Asakawa
Keyword(s):  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Pupillary Response ◽  
Implicit Time ◽  
Scotopic Vision ◽  
Adaptation Time ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Rod Response

Cones are primarily involved in photopic vision and light adaptation. Rods are responsible for scotopic vision and dark adaptation. The typical time-courses of light and dark adaptations have been known for century. However, information regarding the minimal adaptation time for electroretinography (ERG) and pupillography would be helpful for practical applications and clinical efficiency. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between adaptation time and the parameters of ERG and pupillography. Forty-six eyes of 23 healthy women (mean age, 21.7 years) were enrolled. ERG and pupillography were tested for right and left eyes, respectively. ERG with a skin electrode was used to determine amplitude (µV) and implicit time (msec) by the records of rod-, flash-, cone-, and flicker-responses with white light (0.01–30 cd·s/m2). Infrared pupillography was used to record the pupillary response to 1-sec stimulation of red light (100 cd/m2). Cone- and flicker- (rod-, flash-, and pupil) responses were recorded after light (dark) adaptation at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min. Amplitude was significantly different between 1 min and ≥5 or ≥10 min after adaptation in b-wave of cone- or rod-response, respectively. Implicit time differed significantly between 1 min and ≥5 min after adaptation with b-wave of cone- and rod-response. There were significant differences between 1 min and ≥10 or ≥5 min after dark adaptation in parameter of minimum pupil diameter or constriction rate, respectively. Consequently, light-adapted ERGs can be recorded, even in 5 min of light adaptation time without special light condition, whereas dark-adapted ERGs and pupillary response results can be obtained in 10 min or longer of dark adaptation time in complete darkness.

Thresholds and Resolution in Human Vision: A New Approach to Night Vision Testing

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Thorne Shipley
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
Night Vision ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
New Approach

Visual acuity dark adaptation in the fovea was studied in immediate temporal alternation with foveal threshold adaptation. This method avoids some of the inconsistencies of earlier work and produces an index of individual differences in visual performances for untrained and unselected observers. Moreover, the results help to display the separate contributions of photochemical and neurological factors to the dark-adaptation process.

scholarly journals The foveal light adaptation process

1937 ◽  
Vol 122 (827) ◽  
pp. 220-245 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Monochromatic Radiation ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Test Patch ◽  
The Right ◽  
Constant Dark

This paper is the continuation of one written by the author in 1934, in which the results of binocular measurements of adaptation phenomena were reported. In the method of observation used, a patch of light seen in the right eye was compared with a second patch observed in the left eye; the right eye was then subjected to a period of light adaptation while the left was maintained in a state of constant (dark) adaptation, after which the two patches were compared again. The left eye was thus used as a reference standard against which changes induced in the right eye could be measured. The author’s trichromatic colorimeter (Wright 1929) was used in the experiments and it was arranged so that the test patch (the right eye) could be illuminated by any selected monochromatic radiation, while in the left eye a mixture of the three instrument primaries was viewed and these could be controlled to produce a match both in colour and intensity between the two patches. A further series of observations has now been made and is reported here. Some of the earlier experiments have been repeated and a great many new observations have been made, but in all the work some important improvements in the method of observation have led to a greatly increased accuracy and significance in the results and have added materially to the information that can be obtained by this method of experiment.

A Study of the Normal Value of Dark Adaptation Time for Healthy Chinese Pilots

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihong Gao ◽  
Jialong Wu ◽  
Dongxian Hao ◽  
Changming Kang
Keyword(s):  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
Normal Value ◽  
Adaptation Time ◽  
Healthy Chinese

An improved line continuation model in human visual perception

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Sheng Chen ◽  
Shih-Liang Chang ◽  
Wen-Hsing Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Human Visual Perception

scholarly journals Waveguide combiners for mixed reality headsets: a nanophotonics design perspective

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-74
Author(s):  
Bernard C. Kress ◽  
Ishan Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Large Field ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
List Type ◽  
Human Visual Perception ◽  
Perception System ◽  
Social Comfort ◽  
Hardware Architectures

AbstractThis paper is a review and analysis of the various implementation architectures of diffractive waveguide combiners for augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR) headsets, and smart glasses. Extended reality (XR) is another acronym frequently used to refer to all variants across the MR spectrum. Such devices have the potential to revolutionize how we work, communicate, travel, learn, teach, shop, and are entertained. Already, market analysts show very optimistic expectations on return on investment in MR, for both enterprise and consumer applications. Hardware architectures and technologies for AR and MR have made tremendous progress over the past five years, fueled by recent investment hype in start-ups and accelerated mergers and acquisitions by larger corporations. In order to meet such high market expectations, several challenges must be addressed: first, cementing primary use cases for each specific market segment and, second, achieving greater MR performance out of increasingly size-, weight-, cost- and power-constrained hardware. One such crucial component is the optical combiner. Combiners are often considered as critical optical elements in MR headsets, as they are the direct window to both the digital content and the real world for the user’s eyes.Two main pillars defining the MR experience are comfort and immersion. Comfort comes in various forms: –wearable comfort—reducing weight and size, pushing back the center of gravity, addressing thermal issues, and so on–visual comfort—providing accurate and natural 3-dimensional cues over a large field of view and a high angular resolution–vestibular comfort—providing stable and realistic virtual overlays that spatially agree with the user’s motion–social comfort—allowing for true eye contact, in a socially acceptable form factor.Immersion can be defined as the multisensory perceptual experience (including audio, display, gestures, haptics) that conveys to the user a sense of realism and envelopment. In order to effectively address both comfort and immersion challenges through improved hardware architectures and software developments, a deep understanding of the specific features and limitations of the human visual perception system is required. We emphasize the need for a human-centric optical design process, which would allow for the most comfortable headset design (wearable, visual, vestibular, and social comfort) without compromising the user’s sense of immersion (display, sensing, and interaction). Matching the specifics of the display architecture to the human visual perception system is key to bound the constraints of the hardware allowing for headset development and mass production at reasonable costs, while providing a delightful experience to the end user.

The Cockroach DCMD Neurone: I. Lateral Inhibition and the Effects of Light- and Dark-adaptation

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONALD H. EDWARDS
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Inhibition ◽  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Absolute Intensity ◽  
Recurrent Network ◽  
Light Spot ◽  
Movement Detector ◽  
Threshold Response ◽  
Inhibitory Network ◽  
Local Background

1. The responses of the cockroach descending contralateral movement detector (DCMD) neurone to moving light stimuli were studied under both light- and dark-adapted conditions. 2. With light-adaptation the response of the DCMD to two moving 2° (diam.) spots of white light is less than the response to a single spot when the two spots are separated by less than 10° (Fig. 2). 3. With light-adaptation the response of the DCMD to a single moving light spot is a sigmoidally shaped function of the logarithm of the light intensity (Fig. 3a). With dark-adaptation the response of a DCMD to a single moving light spot is a bell-shaped function of the logarithm of the stimulus intensity (Fig. 3b). The absolute intensity that evokes a threshold response is about one-and-a-half log units less in the dark-adapted eye than in the light-adapted eye. 4. The decrease in the DCMD's response that occurs when two stimuli are closer than 10°, and when a single bright stimulus is made brighter, indicates that lateral inhibition operates among the afferents to the DCMD. 5. It is shown that this inhibition cannot be produced by a recurrent lateral inhibitory network. A model of the afferent path that contains a non-recurrent lateral inhibitory network can account for the response/intensity plots of the DCMD recorded under both light-adapted and dark-adapted conditions. 6. The threshold intensity of the DCMD is increased if a stationary pattern of light is present near the path of the moving spot stimulus. This is shown to be due to a peripheral tonic lateral inhibition that is distinct from the non-recurrent lateral inhibition described earlier. 7. It is suggested that the peripheral lateral inhibition acts to adjust the threshold of afferents to local background light levels, while the proximal non-recurrent network acts to enhance the acuity of the eye to small objects in the visual field, and to filter out whole-field stimuli.

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