scholarly journals Climate Change Mitigation Pathways for the Aviation Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3656
Author(s):  
Md Arif Hasan ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Syed Masiur Rahman ◽  
Karim Malik ◽  
Md. Iqram Uddin Al Amran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Gas Emissions

Even though the contribution of the aviation sector to the global economy is very notable, it also has an adverse impact on climate change. Improvements have been made in different areas (i.e., technology, sustainable aviation fuel, and design) to mitigate these adverse effects. However, the rate of improvement is small compared to the increase in the demand for air transportation. Hence, greenhouse gas emissions in the aviation sector are steadily increasing and this trend is expected to continue unless adequately addressed. In this context, this study examined the following: (i) the factors that affect the growth of aviation, (ii) trends in greenhouse gas emissions in the sector, (iii) trends in energy demand, (iv) mitigation pathways of emissions, (v) mitigation challenges for the International Civil Aviation Organization, (vi) achievements in mitigating emissions, (vii) barriers against mitigating emissions, and (viii) approaches of overcoming barriers against emissions mitigation. This study finds that continued research and development efforts targeting aircraft fuel burn efficiency are crucial in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Although biofuels are promising for the reduction of aviation emissions, techniques to reduce NOx emissions could enhance large-scale deployment. Pragmatic market-based mechanisms, such as the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) and/or carbon tax must be enforced on a global scale to capitalize on a collective stakeholder effort to curb CO2 emissions. The findings of this study will help in understanding the emissions and energy consumption scenarios, which will provide a comprehensive package of mitigation pathways to overcome future emissions reduction challenges in the aviation sector.

Lawyer Up

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Hill and
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Force Action ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Directors And Officers

Media attention has focused most intently on lawsuits seeking to force action to cut greenhouse-gas emissions and to hold fossil-fuel companies to account. Even if the courts fail to resolve the essential challenge of cutting greenhouse-gas emissions, they will surely find themselves enmeshed in litigation for years over who pays for the damage. In courtroom after courtroom, judges will reach decisions that can contribute to or hinder resilience. This chapter explores how litigation over the harm caused by climate change impacts could offer greater clarity on who should pay for the damages and thereby spur decisions to invest in resilience on a large scale. As the severity and frequency of climate change-related damages grow, corporate directors and officers, architects, engineers, manufacturers, and others who have a duty to consider foreseeable harm and to manage the risk, will likely find themselves on the receiving end of litigation alongside fossil fuel companies and governments.

Global agreement on carbon taxes is unlikely

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Carbon Taxes ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Agreement

Subject Prospects for the introduction of a global carbon tax. Significance The decline in oil prices offers an opportunity to countries to introduce a carbon tax to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. The UN Climate Change Conference (COP 21), to be held in Paris in November and December, will seek a global agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and set a specific goal to achieve net zero emissions by a certain date. Yet there is little clarity on how this goal could be achieved and whether there will be agreement on setting a price for carbon. Impacts The oil price plunge will continue to divert attention away from the need to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and increase energy efficiency. Without a credible agreement at COP 21, containing climate change disruption will be difficult. For any climate agreement to be credible, its implementation process must be addressed in detail.

scholarly journals Ecological City-States in an Era of Environmental Disaster: Security, Climate Change and Biodiversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5532
Author(s):  
John E. Fernández ◽  
Marcela Angel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Climate Agreements ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
State Actors

Recently, there has been increasing evidence of the emergence of systemic strains that threaten international cooperative efforts on global issues, especially climate change, biodiversity loss and security. Non-state actors have responded by declaring their commitment to work together alongside nations as climate agreements struggle to deliver the necessary global reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, conservation goals are not met, and security issues diversify. A principal constituent of the world’s non-state actors are cities. With many cities now home to more than 10 million individuals and several cities of more than 20 million, the urban world has come to dominate the global economy as well as the resource needs and environmental burdens imposed upon the planet by our species. Urban economies are responsible for more than half of global greenhouse gas emissions and substantially affect the world’s biodiversity by driving the extraction of resources and the degradation of global natural capital. Cities have become concentrators of diverse risk that complicate and broaden global security priorities. Cities are also crucibles of innovation in technology, business and governance and strong alliances between the world’s cities have formed to address the challenges of climate change, biodiversity and more. This paper asserts the unique potential for cities to assume a greater role in global priorities, including climate change, biodiversity loss and a realignment of security priorities. The transformative changes required in these three domains calls for a renewal of the city as a semi-autonomous neo-state, an ecological city-state.

8. Solutions

2014 ◽  
pp. 136-164
Author(s):  
Mark Maslin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources

‘Solutions’ examines three types of solution to climate change. The first is adaptation, which is simply providing protection for the population, as we already know that there will be climate change even if emissions are radically cut back to 1990 levels. Second is mitigation, which would involve cutting our carbon footprint and thus reversing the trend that currently exists of ever increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Fossil fuels need to be replaced with renewable or alternative energy sources that will not produce greenhouse gas emissions. Third is geoenginnering that involves large-scale extraction of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or modification of the global climate.

Introduction: Why This Book?

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Gilbert E. Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Emissions ◽  
Red Tape ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Real Costs

The introduction provides an overview of the argument of the book that climate change has real costs we are paying right now. Greenhouse emissions are changing our climate and our current policies are inadequate to the task of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A carbon tax uses the power of the market to reduce emissions without onerous regulations. It uses the power of market forces to reduce emissions without burdening businesses with paperwork and red tape. As such, it should have bipartisan appeal.

scholarly journals Norwegian Tax System from the Point of View of Climate Change Policy

Equilibrium ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-92
Author(s):  
Michał Ptak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Change Policy

Norway was the first country in the world to fix a carbon dioxide target. Norway was also one of the first countries to implement taxes to increase incentives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of the paper is to analyse the role of environmental taxes in Norwegian climate policy. The author also examines the differences between the climate change policy measures in Norway and in the European Union countries, especially Poland.The first part of the paper contains an analysis of data on greenhouse gas emissions in Norway in the years 1990-2011. In the further sections of the paper the discussion is focused on the characteristics of Norwegian tax system and design of taxes used in Norway as instruments for addressing climate change. Particular attention is paid to the carbon tax, in force since 1991. The tax is responsible for large CO2 emission reductions. The paper is largely based on review of various reports, literature and websites on climate change policy, energy policy and transport policy in Norway.

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting agricultural management for climate change in developing countries: providing the basis for action

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Ogle ◽  
Lydia Olander ◽  
Lini Wollenberg ◽  
Todd Rosenstock ◽  
Francesco Tubiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Gas Emissions

scholarly journals The contribution of carbon pricing to sustainable mining

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sam Meng ◽  
Mahinda Siriwardana ◽  
Judith McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Exchange Rate Regime ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Flexible Exchange Rate ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Cent Decrease

Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions are essential to reducing the rate and scale of anthropogenic climate change to levels that can sustain the planet’s biosphere. A carbon tax is a policy measure that is designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by increasing the prices of the highest carbon-polluting goods and services in an economy, thus encouraging substitution towards resultant relatively cheaper and less-polluting goods where possible. When Australia introduced such a tax in 2012, there was a fear that it could threaten the resources boom, considered the engine of Australian economic growth in recent years. By employing a computable general equilibrium model and an environmentally-extended Social Accounting Matrix, this paper demonstrates the effects of a carbon tax on the resources sector. The modelled results show that, in a flexible exchange rate regime, all resources within the sector will be affected negatively but to different degrees. The brown coal sector will be the hardest hit, with a 25.74 per cent decrease in output, 52.94 per cent decrease in employment and 89.37 per cent decrease in profitability. However, other resources in the sector would be only mildly affected. From the point of view of sustainability, the most significant results are that, under the carbon tax, the resources sector contributes considerably to the carbon emission reduction target of Australia. Given that brown coal accounts for only a small portion of the resources sector, it is reasonable to suggest that a carbon tax would not significantly affect the overall performance of the sector.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document