scholarly journals Wastewater Discharge through a Stream into a Mediterranean Ramsar Wetland: Evaluation and Proposal of a Nature-Based Treatment System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3540
Author(s):  
Jesús de-los-Ríos-Mérida ◽  
Francisco Guerrero ◽  
Salvador Arijo ◽  
María Muñoz ◽  
Inmaculada Álvarez-Manzaneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Water Retention Time ◽  
Wetland Evaluation ◽  
The Impact

Impacts on wetlands are becoming more pressing every day. Among them, habitat loss, overexploitation of aquifers and changes in land use are considered the most important. However, the impacts linked to wastewater discharges are increasing worldwide. In this context, this study analyses the impacts of input of wastewater to a Mediterranean Ramsar temporary wetland (Fuente de Piedra, south of Spain). To this end, systematic sampling was carried out in the Charcón stream which receives water from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and discharges it into the wetland. The results showed a slight decrease in the nutrient concentrations, particularly for nitrogen compounds. Heterotrophic and fecal bacteria concentration, as well as phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and biomass, all significantly decreased from the treatment plant to the wetland. When comparing the effect of this discharge with other similar occurring to the same wetland, it was evident that the Charcón stream was responsible for a greater impact. At this point, it is relevant to note that the main difference among both treated wastewater discharges lies in the different water retention time once the wastewater was released from the WWTP. In fact, we recommend an increase in the water retention time by building seminatural ponds, together with the use of biofilters, which will notably contribute to improve the processes of assimilation of nutrients and to decrease the impact generated in the wetland by this spill.

Evaluation of factors related to increased zooplankton biomass and altered species composition following impoundment of a Newfoundland reservoir

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E Campbell ◽  
Roy Knoechel ◽  
Douglas Copeman
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Water Retention Time ◽  
Daphnia Catawba

Zooplankton biomass and species composition were monitored in Cat Arm Lake and Reservoir on Newfoundland's Great Northern Peninsula from 1983 to 1993. Zooplankton biomass increased approximately 19-fold in the oligotrophic reservoir following impoundment in 1984, relative to biomass in the preexisting lake. Microcrustaceans Cyclops scutifer and Daphnia dubia, either rare or absent from Cat Arm Lake prior to impoundment, were consistently measurable components of the zooplankton community by 1993. Similar changes elsewhere have been attributed to both increased water retention time and enhanced phytoplankton biomass, factors whose effects are usually interdependent. In Cat Arm, there were no increases in either phytoplankton biomass or primary productivity during the first 3 years of impoundment, and natality of the dominant cladoceran, Daphnia catawba, did not increase. Summer water retention time increased from preimpoundment levels of 4 days in 1983 to 338 days in 1993. Zooplankton biomass was significantly correlated with water retention time (Spearman's rs = 0.72, p = 0.04) and showed no significant correlation with phytoplankton biomass, primary productivity, nutrient concentrations, pH, colour, or epilimnetic temperature. Changes in the zooplankton community in this subarctic system can thus be attributed most directly to a decrease in losses due to washout.

The Impact of a Chemostat Discharge Containing Oil Degrading Bacteria on the Biological Kinetics of a Refinery Activated Sludge Process

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Wong ◽  
C. D. Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Kinetic Evaluation ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Waste Treatment Plant ◽  
The Impact

The effect of discharging specific oil degrading bacteria from a chemostat to a refinery activated sludge process was determined biokinetically. Plant data for the kinetic evaluation of the waste treatment plant was collected before and during treatment. During treatment, the 500 gallon chemostatic growth chamber was operated on an eight hour hydraulic retention time, at a neutral pH, and was fed a mixture of refinery wastewater and simple sugars. The biokinetic constants k (days−1), Ks (mg/L), and K (L/mg-day) were determined before and after treatment by Monod and Lineweaver-Burk plots. Solids discharged and effluent organic concentrations were also evaluated against the mean cell retention time (MCRT). The maximum utilization rate, k, was found to increase from 0.47 to 0.95 days−1 during the operation of the chemostat. Subsequently, Ks increased from 141 to 556 mg/L. Effluent solids were shown to increase slightly with treatment. However, this was acceptable due to the polishing pond and the benefit of increased ability to accept shock loads of oily wastewater. The reason for the increased suspended solids in the effluent was most likely due to the continual addition of bacteria in exponential growth that were capable of responding to excess substrate. The effect of the chemostatic addition of specific microbial inocula to the refinery waste treatment plant has been to improve the overall organic removal capacity along with subsequent gains in plant stability.

The effects of water retention time and watershed features on the limnology of two tropical reservoirs in Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carolina S. Soares ◽  
Marcelo M. Marinho ◽  
Vera L. M. Huszar ◽  
Christina W. C. Branco ◽  
Sandra M. F. O. Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Tropical Reservoirs ◽  
Water Retention Time

scholarly journals Impact on Gaza aquifer from recharge with partially treated wastewater

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami M. Hamdan ◽  
Abdelmajid Nassar ◽  
Uwe Troeger
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The Impact

The Gaza Strip suffers from high pressure imposed on its water resources. There is a deficit of about 50 mm3 every year, which has led to a declination of groundwater level and deterioration of groundwater quality. New water resources are sought to fulfil the water deficit; among them is the artificial recharge of treated wastewater to groundwater. The impact of recharging partially treated wastewater in Gaza was tested through a pilot project implemented east of the existing wastewater treatment plant. The daily application of about 10,000 m3 of effluent to infiltration basins had an effect on the aquifer, which was monitored through the surrounding operating water wells over five years from 2000 until 2005. Although the monitored wells are operated for irrigation by farmers, impacts were clearly noticed. Groundwater levels improved and an increase in some areas of 0.6 m within three years was observed. The nitrate ion concentration also decreased in the groundwater due to nitrification processes. However, chloride ion, which indicates salinity, increased because the effluent has high chloride concentration. Boron levels increased in some areas to 0.5 mg/l, which could affect sensitive crops grown in the area.

scholarly journals Experiment in infiltration studies as a water treatment process

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 00015
Author(s):  
Sylwia Kołaska ◽  
Joanna Jeż-Walkowiak ◽  
Zbysław Dymaczewski
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Water Retention Time

This article contains the concept of research methodology of the water infiltration process. The described research was conducted at Dębina intake in Poznan, Poland. Based on the temperature variation curves, it was possible to determine the water retention time in the ground during the flow of water from the infiltration pond through piezometers to the collecting well

scholarly journals Morphometry Dynamical of Siombak Lake, Medan Indonesia

Omni-Akuatika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Muhtadi ◽  
Zulham Apandy Harahap ◽  
Rusdi Leidonald
Keyword(s):  
Physical Characteristic ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Average Depth ◽  
Lake Morphometry ◽  
Dynamical Study ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Lake Volume ◽  
First Impression ◽  
Water Retention Time

Siombak lake (28 ha area) was a salty lake located in Medan coastal, Indonesia. Water fluctuation influenced by the sea tide. Therefore, it needed to do morphometry dynamical study as the first impression of lake physical characteristic. The purpose of this study was to understand the dynamical of Siombak lake morphometry. The research was done in September 2016. Lake mapping was done by making 100 line zig zag and draw with ArcMap. Bathymetry showed that the bottom of the lake was sloping at the center part of west and southeast of the lake, and steeping at north, south and east. Siombak Lake has shoreline length 2,535.78 m, with SDI value 2.70. Maximum length 756 m, with maximum width 246.15 m. Lake maximum depth was 17.7 m at MSL, 18.98 m at highest tide and 16.71 m at lowest tide, with average depth 5.33 m at MSL, 6.30 m at highest tide and 4.30 m at lowest tide. Lake volume was 783,607.16 m3 at MSL, 829,395.52 m3 at highest tide and 355,544.14 m3 at lowest tide, with water debit around 32.50 – 50.17 m3s-1. Water retention time was ± 4.33 – 6.75 hours

Riverine water transformation during retention in small lowland reservoirs

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Suchowolec ◽  
Andrzej Górniak
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Riverine Water ◽  
Dam Reservoirs ◽  
Water Retention Time ◽  
Lowland Reservoirs ◽  
Northeastern Poland ◽  
Phosphorus Sedimentation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Phosphorus Reduction

Riverine water transformation during retention in small lowland reservoirsSix small dam reservoirs in northeastern Poland, with different hydrologic and catchment characteristics were selected for research from March to October (2001-2003). There was a significant correlation between DOC and TP in the reservoirs and the water retention time (WRT). The highest values of electrical conductivity (EC) were recorded in reservoirs with an agricultural basin. In almost all reservoirs a statistically significant decrease of EC, compared to inflowing waters, was noted. Nitrates were substantially reduced in afforested catchment reservoirs. The highest TP concentration was recorded in a newly flooded reservoir. In reservoirs with long retention time, phosphorus sedimentation takes place more intensively. This caused phosphorus reduction in outflowing waters.

scholarly journals A Novel Statistical Model for Water Age Estimation in Water Distribution Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-ping Cheng ◽  
En-hua Liu ◽  
Jing-qing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Water Retention Time

The water retention time in the water distribution network is an important indicator for water quality. The water age fluctuates with the system demand. The residual chlorine concentration varies with the water age. In general, the concentration of residual chlorine is linearly dependent on the water demand. A novel statistical model using monitoring data of residual chlorine to estimate the nodal water age in water distribution networks is put forward in the present paper. A simplified two-step procedure is proposed to solve this statistical model. It is verified by two virtual systems and a practical application to analyze the water distribution system of Hangzhou city, China. The results agree well with that from EPANET. The model provides a low-cost and reliable solution to evaluate the water retention time.

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