scholarly journals Gender Roles in Sourcing and Sharing of Banana Planting Material in Communities with and without Banana Bunchy Top Disease in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3310
Author(s):  
Lilian Nkengla-Asi ◽  
Favour Eforuoku ◽  
Olamide Olaosebikan ◽  
Temitope Adejoju Ladigbolu ◽  
Delphine Amah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Women Farmers ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
Pentalonia Nigronervosa ◽  
The Needy ◽  
Vegetative Propagules ◽  
Seed Sourcing

Banana bunchy top disease (BBTD) is the most devasting disease of banana and plantain (Musa spp.). The disease spreads through the use of infected vegetative propagules and the banana aphid (Pentalonia nigronervosa) is the virus vector. This study seeks to understand the gender dimensions and sociocultural aspects of banana seed (vegetative propagule) sourcing and sharing practices among men and women farmers, and its influence on BBTD spread and disease control efforts. Data were collected from 300 banana farmers (187 men and 113 women) in BBTD and non-BBTD areas in southwest Nigeria. The results revealed that seed sharing within the communities is a social responsibility with members expected to share banana seed with the needy mainly as gifts rather than sold for cash. Men farmers mostly sourced seed from old fields, while women sourced seed from relatives. Harvesting of banana seed was predominantly the responsibility of men with women as helpers. Both men and women farmers in the non-BBTD area cultivated larger farm sizes and harvested more banana planting material than farmers in the BBTD area. The existing seed sourcing practices among men and women farmers heighten the risk of BBTD spread. Awareness raising on disease spread through infected seeds should consider gender-differentiated roles and social practices to reduce its spread within communities.

scholarly journals Deconstructing leisure time and workload: case of women bean producers in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Bogweh Nchanji ◽  
Mercy Mutua ◽  
Collins Odhiambo ◽  
Yvonne Kiki Nchanji ◽  
David Karanja
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Second Shift

Abstract Background The notion of leisure became pronounced more than 20 years ago when women who worked on or out of the farm came home to a “second shift,” which entailed domestic work and childcare. This gap continues today not only between men and women but also among women and men. Women's challenges in terms of their leisure arise out of or are shaped by social norms and different life contexts. Method The Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) was conducted to understand women's empowerment and disempowerment status in agricultural activities in five counties in Kenya in 2017. In 2019, focus group discussions were carried out in two of the five counties to understand how men and women farmers define leisure and assess the leisure gap and its effect on women's farm and household activities. We were also interested in understanding how men's and women's workload affects leisure and other productive economic activities, resulting in empowerment and how women’s unpaid work contributes to income poverty. Result The WEAI showed that 28% of disempowerment (5DE) in women farmers is due to lack of time for leisure activities and 18% from being overworked. This means that the time indicator accounts for 46% of disempowerment in Kenyan women bean farmers. Men in Bomet and Narok spent more time than women in raising large livestock and leisure. Women in Bomet spent more time than men in cooking and domestic work (fetching water and collecting fuelwood), while men in Bomet spent more time than women in managing their businesses. Conclusion Work overload is a constraining factor to women's empowerment in bean production and agricultural productivity. What is considered leisure for men and women is embedded in society’s social fabrics, and it is contextual. This paper highlights instances where leisure provides a way for women to embody and/or resist the discourses of gender roles in the bean value chain and households to enhance food security and health.

scholarly journals When Machines Take the Beans: Ex-Ante Socioeconomic Impact Evaluation of Mechanized Harvesting of Mungbean in Bangladesh and Myanmar

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 925
Author(s):  
Lutz Depenbusch ◽  
Cathy Rozel Farnworth ◽  
Pepijn Schreinemachers ◽  
Thuzar Myint ◽  
Md Monjurul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Weather Shocks ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural mechanization has spread across much of Asia since the 1960s. It has increased agricultural productivity and reduced arduous farm work. However, differing impacts for smallholders and hired laborers, and for men and women, require careful consideration. This study analyzed, ex-ante, the likely social and economic tradeoffs of mechanizing the mungbean harvest in Bangladesh and Myanmar. We used a mixed methods approach combining survey data from 852 farm households with in-depth interviews in four villages. Partial budget analysis shows that mechanical harvesting of mungbean is not yet profitable for most farms. There is nevertheless an incentive to mechanize as the associated timeliness of the harvest reduces the risk of harvest losses from weather shocks. Men and women farmers expect time savings and reduced drudgery. The results confirm that hired workers depend on manual harvesting for income and status in both countries. Most hired workers are landless married women with limited access to other sources of income. In the short term, farmers are likely to combine manual harvests and a final mechanized harvest of the indeterminate crop. This could mediate the impact on hired workers. However, in the long term, it will be necessary to facilitate income-generating opportunities for women in landless rural families to maintain their well-being and income.

scholarly journals Linkages for Life: Assessing Tomato Value Chain Pathways and Opportunities for Better Livelihoods of Marginal and Vulnerable Groups in Pakistan

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Sajida Taj ◽  
Gomathy Palaniappan ◽  
Zubair Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Household Incomes

This case study offers insights into assessing tomato value chain to improving rural livelihoods of marginal and vulnerable groups in rural Punjab, Pakistan. This research is based on qualitative data collected through Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) in two pilot villages of district Muzaffargarh with men and women farmers separately. The research aims to explore the pathways, linkages and new avenues and opportunities for marginal and vulnerable groups especially women to increase their household incomes under a collaborative Pakistan-Australia Strengthening Vegetable Value Chain Project (SVVCP). It is imperative to identify effective linkages between farmers and other chain actors to have a comprehensive understanding of how these works and what roles public and private actors play in making them work more effectively to plan and implement the project activities with farmers, for farmer and by farmers. It was found that most of farming households operate less than an acre of land and supplement their income with farm labour and small businesses. Both men and women farmers indicated lack of linkages and opportunities for them besides their limited access to agricultural knowledge, skills and resources. Men have diverse linkages with male dominant institutions such as agriculture and marketing. In contrast, women have no linkages with viable economic institutions such as production and marketing and tend to be associated with domestic and community affairs. The findings suggest that, it is imperative that farmers must have access to required information and skills and opportunities for networking to build sustainable linkages with value chain actors.

scholarly journals The Role of Gender and Institutional Dynamics in Adapting Seed Systems to Climate Change: Case Studies from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 840
Author(s):  
Pricilla Marimo ◽  
Gloria Otieno ◽  
Esther Njuguna-Mungai ◽  
Ronnie Vernooy ◽  
Michael Halewood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Seed Systems ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Institutional Dynamics ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Equitable Outcomes

We explore how seed systems enhance access to seeds, and information for climate-change adaptation in farming communities in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, as well as how gender-driven roles and institutional dynamics influence the process. Men and women farmers equally experience climate-change related effects, including drought, short rainy seasons and increased pest and disease incidence. Our study relies on exploratory data analysis of 1001 households surveyed in four sites in 2016. Farmers surveyed preferred early-maturing, heat-tolerant, high-yielding, and pest- and disease-resistant varieties, all important climate-adaptive traits. Seed systems of the focus crops studied are largely informal—overall, 68% women and 62% men use their own seed, indicating women’s higher reliance on ‘informal’ seed and information sources. Only 21% of respondents reported interacting with seed experts who are affiliated with formal organizations. Both formal and informal organizations play a key role in providing access to climate-adapted seed/information, with access for men and women varying across the countries studied. There is a need to support further development of those connections, building on existing social networks. We conclude that inclusive and gender-responsive context- and country-specific seed interventions will ensure equitable outcomes, increase women’s empowerment and strengthen both formal and informal seed systems for more effective climate-change adaptation.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PRODUCTIVITY AMONG RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN SOUTH WEST, NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Nurudeen Afolabi Sofoluwe
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Gender Factor ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
Improved Technology

Increase in productivity across gender line is one of the necessary conditions for sustainable level of development in the rural areas. This study assessed the differences in productivity of men and women in rural households in Southwest, Nigeria. Average and marginal productivity of women and men were assessed. Gender-disaggregated data were obtained through structured questionnaires. Using multi stage sampling approach, a total of 197 and 148 men and women rural households were randomly sampled. Cobb Douglas production function was used to analyse differentials in productivity between women and men. The results showed that women have access to marginal and small pieces of land. Men with access to improved technology have significantly (p < 0.05) higher productivity per unit of most of the inputs available. Also, the result indicates that the estimated average productivities of women are significantly lower than those of men. Furthermore, ownership of land has a significant positive influence on the estimated productivity of men more than women. Education which is another gender factor and a measure of human asset and managerial capacity significantly (p < 0.05) increased the productivity of men (β = 0.11, t = 3.04) and women (β = 0.07, t = 3.86). In order to raise productivity and impacts development agenda for the rural sector, it would be better for women to keep the variable resource in surplus rather than utilizing it in a fixed resource contrary to what is obtainable for men.

scholarly journals NUTRIENT INTAKE AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE AGED IN LOW INCOME AREAS OF SOUTHWEST, NIGERIA

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
W.A.O. Afolabi ◽  
I.O. Olayiwola ◽  
S.A. Sanni ◽  
O. Oyawoye
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
The Mean

Objective: The study was carried out to assess the nutrient intake and nutritional status of free living and non-institutionalized elderly Nigerian men and women residing in low income areas. Design, Setting and Participants: The study was cross sectional involving 140 (58-99 years) apparently healthy elderly subjects randomly selected across four low income urban and rural areas of southwest Nigeria. Measurements: Data on socio economic characteristics and dietary intake (24-hour recall) were obtained with a structured questionnaire while anthropometric data were measured and nutritional status indices were classified using WHO standards. Nutrient intake data was compared to DRI while other data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.0. Results: Majority (84.3%) of the respondents were married and illiterate (80%). Most popular occupation were farming (47%) and trading (35.7%). Half of the respondents earn ≤ NGN1, 000 (≤US$6) and only 27% earn ≥ N6000 (US$37) monthly. The mean weight, height and arm circumference for men were 59.7 ± 6.50kg, 1.61±10.564m and 27.5 ± 9.24 cm respectively while that for women were 56.3 ± 5.72 kg, 1.57 ± 4.37m and 27.0 ± 5.22cm respectively. The mean daily energy (1805.2Kcal) and protein (23g) intake of women were significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of men (2044Kcal and 27.7g respectively). Intake of protein, calcium, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C for both men and women were below DRI while iron, phosphorus, thiamine and energy intakes were adequate. Prevalence of underweight was low (2.9%) in this study while that overweight (pre obesity) was high (20% for men and 22.8% for women). Weight and BMI are significantly influenced by energy intake of the men (r=0.439, p=0.008); (r=0.352,p=0.038) and not women (r=0.229,p=0.186; r=0.320,p=0.06 respectively) while arm circumference was significantly (p<0.05) influenced by protein intake of both men and women (r=0.333,p=0.04 and r=0.404,p=0.02) respectively. Conclusion: This study has established a less than adequate intake of protein and some micronutrients among the elderly population as well as a high prevalence of overweight which coexists with underweight. There is need for a functional policy on the care of the aged in Nigeria in order to improve their nutrition, health and general wellbeing.

scholarly journals EMPOWERMENT THROUGH SOCIAL CAPITAL BUILD-UP: GENDER DIMENSIONS IN TECHNOLOGY UPTAKE

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. S. BANTILAN ◽  
R. PADMAJA
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Seed Technology ◽  
Holistic Understanding

SUMMARYThis paper explores how and to what extent women and men have benefited from social capital build-up (the ability of men and women farmers to develop and use various kinds of social networks and the resources that thereby become available) in technology uptake, and the role of women in this process. Using a series of three case studies on ICRISAT's Groundnut Production Technology, the process of technology uptake leading to empowerment is systematically documented through three stages of the adoption pathway. The process stimulating gender-equitable change and empowerment was examined through a sequential analysis using two in-depth case studies in three villages in Maharashtra, India, and complemented by a broader quantitative study of the uptake process covering villages in surrounding districts. This analysis illustrated that social capital is important for both adoption and impact to occur. Qualitative information complemented by quantitative measures provides a holistic understanding of the long-term effects and benefits. The findings illustrated that build-up of social capital improves access to resources like credit, information and knowledge about new technology options and practices. Furthermore, it expands choices available to each household member – e.g. selecting and adopting seed technology of their choice, and alternative investment options – and influences the distribution of benefits from the technology because of the ways in which social networks and social relationships facilitate technology dissemination. Mobilizing social capital through participation of men and women in groups/networks that crossed caste, class and gender barriers mediated the successful adoption and diffusion of technology.

scholarly journals Os doadores e potenciais doadores de entidades carentes: quem são eles?

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-332
Author(s):  
Anna Cecília Chaves Gomes ◽  
Bruna Lyra Alves de Almeida ◽  
Andreza Raielly Alexandre de Lima ◽  
Anannda Rios dos Santos ◽  
Jailson Jerônimo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Marketing Social ◽  
Marketing Actions ◽  
The City ◽  
The Needy ◽  
Do So

Resumo: O objetivo com o presente estudo foi identificar o perfil dos atores da sociedade civil que contribuem e também são potenciais doadores de entidades carentes em geral, com destaque na doação de alimentos, na Cidade de Guarabira, PB. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório-descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa. A partir de uma amostra de 384 entrevistados, evidenciou-se que uma parcela da população já realiza doações e existe um percentual considerável de pessoas interessadas em realizá-las também. A pesquisa mostrou que a maioria do público que pratica doações é formado por homens, porém, sobre quem não doa, as mulheres se mostraram como potenciais doadoras. Homens e mulheres jovens, entre 20 e 29 anos, preferem doar aquilo que já possuem e não se mostram abertos a comprar alimentos para doar. Pessoas viúvas compõem um grupo ativo no auxílio às entidades carentes, mas não realizam suas doações em forma de alimentos, seguidas das pessoas divorciadas. Pessoas com a faixa de renda baixa mostraram ser um grupo de potenciais doadores por interesse em doar, já as com faixa de renda maior apresentaram interesse maior em comprar para doar. Percebeu-se que, de modo geral, há interesse dos entrevistados em realizar ações que colaborem com entidades sem fins lucrativos da Cidade de Guarabira, PB, sobretudo em relação à doação de alimentos. Para tanto, faz-se necessário voltar para ações de marketing social junto aos doadores e potenciais doadores, para melhor desenvolver estratégias para evitar a perda e o desperdício de alimentos e otimizar o processo de doação.Palavras-chave: Entidades carentes. Pesquisa de mercado. Doações. Donors and Potential Donors to Charities: Who are they? Abstract: The objective of the present study was to identify the profile of civil society actors who contribute and are also potential donors of poor entities in general, with a focus on food donation, in the City of Guarabira, PB. For that, a descriptive exploratory research was conducted, with a quantitative approach. From a sample of 384 interviewees, it was shown that a portion of the population already makes donations and there is a considerable percentage of people interested in accomplishing them as well. Research has shown that the majority of the donating public is men, but women who donate do not donate, as potential donors. Young men and women between the ages of 20 and 29 prefer to donate what they already have and are not open to buying food to donate. Widowed people make up an active group in aid to the needy entities, but do not make their donations in the form of food, followed by the divorced people. People with the low income bracket have shown to be a group of potential donors for interest in donating, while those with higher income brackets have shown greater interest in buying to donate. It was noticed that, in general, the interviewees are interested in carrying out actions that collaborate with non-profit entities in the City of Guarabira, PB, especially in relation to food donation. To do so, it is necessary to turn to social marketing actions, together with donors and potential donors, to better develop strategies to avoid loss and waste of food and optimize the donation process.Keywords: Needy entities. Market research. Donations.

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