scholarly journals The Relation between Fisheries–Science Partnerships and Co-Management: A Case Study of EU Discards Survival Work

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3108
Author(s):  
Tim S. Gray ◽  
Thomas L. Catchpole
Keyword(s):  
Joint Activity ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Fisheries Science ◽  
Fisheries Policy ◽  
Decision Making System ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

This paper is an analysis of the relationship between the concepts of fisheries–science partnership (FSP) and fisheries co-management (FCM), using a case study of recent EU work on discard survival. Are FSP and FCM entirely different forms of joint activity, or is FSP a form of FCM or a means of preparing the ground for FCM? And is the recent EU work on discard survival a form of FSP, or of FCM, or both? A questionnaire was sent out by email in 2015 to 13 people who were involved in the discard survival work, and eight responses were received that covered eight projects in seven countries (Belgium, England, Denmark, France, Norway, Sweden, and the Netherlands). Our main findings are fourfold. First, while FSP and FCM are different forms of joint activity, they are both partnerships. Second, FSP may serve as a precursor or preparation for FCM. Third, the EU discard survival assessment work contains elements of both FSP and FCM, but is mainly a FSP exercise and falls far short of FCM. Nevertheless, fourth, this joint work alongside many other FSP initiatives undertaken under the auspices of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) (e.g., the GAP projects) has improved relations between fishers, scientists, and managers, and this may contribute to a modification of the CFP’s largely top-down decision-making system.

Lisbon and Access to Justice for Environmental NGOs: A Watershed? A Case Study Using the Setting of the Total Allowable Catches under the Common Fisheries Policy

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-410
Author(s):  
Charlotte Herman
Keyword(s):  
Lisbon Treaty ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Environmental Ngos ◽  
Locus Standi ◽  
Aarhus Convention ◽  
Fisheries Policy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
The Eu

AbstractBefore the Lisbon Treaty, environmental non - governmental organisations could rarely or not satisfy the admissibility test to gain access to the European courts. This contribution examines whether the rules on locus standi under the Lisbon Treaty will facilitate their access to justice. Attention will be given to what is understood by a 'regulatory act', the EU obligations under the Aarhus Convention and whether the new perspectives within the Lisbon Treaty will allow environmental non - governmental organisations to challenge TAC Regulations.

scholarly journals Weaving the Common Threads of Simulation and Formation studies in Archaeology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Davies
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Material Record

Computer simulation is a tool increasingly used by archaeologists to build theories about past human activity; however, simulation has had a limited role theorising about the relationship between past behaviours and the formation of observed patterning in the material record. This paper visits the argument for using simulation as a means of addressing the gap that exists between archaeological interpretations of past behaviours and their physical residues. It is argued that simulation is used for much the same reason that archaeologists use ethnographic or experimental studies, and that computational models can help to address some of the practical limitations of these approaches to record formation. A case study from arid Australia, examining the effects of episodic surface erosion on the visibility of the record, shows how simple, generative simulations, grounded in formational logic, can be used to compare different explanatory mechanisms and suggest tests of the archaeological record itself.

scholarly journals Making a House a Home: Motivations for Earthquake Strengthening   Domestic Homes in Dunedin, an Argument Towards Domestic Heritage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Imogen Stockwell
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Heritage Studies ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Southern City ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Following the 2010 and 2011 Canterbury earthquakes, earthquake strengthening is one of the biggest issues facing heritage buildings in New Zealand. This process is mainly affecting commercial and public buildings; residential buildings are generally exempt from earthquake-prone building policies. However, some homeowners are choosing to do what is often perceived to be an expensive and time-consuming process. This research explores whether there is a heritage relationship between the homeowner and their house that motivates conservation work, such as earthquake strengthening. The central question for this research is: “What makes a heritage house a home? Is “home” a motivation for owners to earthquake strengthen their building? a case study of Dunedin”.  The relationship between homeowners and the heritage of their homes and domestic conservations practices has been underexamined in heritage studies in New Zealand. The current dissertation addresses this problem and contributes to the literature of Museum and Heritage Studies. The theoretical framework employed in this research draws on the field of Critical Heritage Studies in order to explore the relationship between ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up heritage’, the notion of ‘peoples-based’ heritage, the value of intangible heritage and a cycle of care. This research utilised qualitative research methods, involving the interviewing three heritage homeowners and two heritage professionals. These provided detailed findings about homeowners’ perceptions of their houses and the interaction between heritage practitioners and homeowners. The southern city of Dunedin was the case study which framed this research, because it has a rich collection of heritage buildings and a council which has been proactive in encouraging earthquake strengthening.  It was found that the heritage homeowner’s relationship with their home played a role in conservation how decisions are undertaken and that there is a lack of outreach from heritage authorities to heritage homeowners. This research provides information about the nature of the interaction between top-down and bottom-up heritage, and how this relationship can lead to positive heritage outcomes. Recommendations include developing open channels of communication between officials and homeowners, increased acknowledgement of the homeowner’s role in the conservation practice, and the establishment of a concept of Domestic Heritage to assist within the development of a cycle of care by heritage homeowners.</p>

scholarly journals Taking the Pulse of Environmental and Fisheries Law: The Common Fisheries Policy, the Habitats Directive, and Brexit

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Appleby ◽  
James Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Conservation Law ◽  
Habitats Directive ◽  
Member States ◽  
Progressive Reform ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Fisheries Policy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fisheries Law ◽  
The Eu

Abstract There has long been a tension between environmental regulation and the European Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), which has been addressed over time through progressive reform of the CFP. It is now recognised that Member States may comply with their obligations under EU nature conservation law by taking unilateral non-discriminatory measures within their territorial seas to protect the marine environment from threats posed by fishing. Nevertheless, fundamental uncertainties remain when it comes to the application of these obligations to offshore waters. This article explores the options available to coastal states in this context and the weaknesses of the procedures introduced to the reformed CFP in 2013. It is argued that compliance with nature conservation law in the context of fisheries is not discretionary and that in the absence of measures agreed at the EU level, Member States must comply with their obligations under the Habitats Directive in their capacity as a flag state. Finally, the article addresses the implications of Brexit for the protection of European Marine Sites in UK waters, suggesting that Brexit offers opportunities to strengthen the protection of marine ecosystems by making future access arrangements for foreign fishing vessels conditional upon compliance with nature conservation laws.

scholarly journals Verification in theory and in the sciences

2020 ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Papageorgiou ◽  
Demetrios Lekkas
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Formal Logic ◽  
Logical System ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Common ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

In this work, we undertake the task of laying out some basic considerations towards straightening out the foundations of an abstract logical system. We venture to explain what theory is as well as what is not theory, to discriminate between the roles of truth in theory and in reality, as well as to open the road towards clarifying the relationship between theory and the real world. Etymological, cultural and conceptual analyses of truth are brought forth in order to reveal problems in modern approaches and to set the stage for more consistent solutions. One such problem addressed here is related to negation per se, to its asymmetry towards affirmative statements and to the essential ramifications of this duality with respect to the common perceptual and linguistic aspects of words indicating concepts akin to truth in various languages and to attitudes reflected and perpetuated in them and to their consequent use in attempted informal or formal logic and its understanding. Finally, a case study invoking the causes or “causes” of gravity both clarifies and reinforces the points made in this paper.

scholarly journals Farm holdings and the owner’s residence location in the aspect of direct payments from the EU: A case study in nine regions in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Residence Location ◽  
The Common ◽  
Direct Payments ◽  
Compliance Mechanism ◽  
Cross Compliance ◽  
The Eu

Instruments promoting rural development have been implemented by many countries. Areabased payments for farmers allocated under the Common Agricultural Policy constitute one of such instruments in the European Union. The support system for rural areas, including the size of the declared reference parcels, is monitored as part of the cross-compliance mechanism. Parcels with unfavorable landuse patterns are more difficult to farm. According to estimates, more than 30% of agricultural farms in Poland fall into this category. This study proposes a universal algorithm for controlling the information submitted by farmers in payment applications. More than 76,000 applications were analyzed, and farms with the defective spatial structure of land were randomly selected. The results show that most errors occur in the case of land parcels situated the farthest from a farm holding (declared in the application), but the analysis revealed no strong correlation in this respect.

scholarly journals Equal Pay and EU Public Procurement Law – Case Study of Mandatory Icelandic ÍST85 Standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Marta Andhov ◽  
Bergþór Bergsson
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

 From 2018, it became mandatory to obtain the Icelandic Equal Pay Standard (ÍST85) for all companies with 25+ employees annually operating on the Icelandic market. It has been unclear to what extent – if any – the ÍST85 can be applied in public procurements. This article analyses whether the ÍST85 is compliant with the relevant European Union internal market law, particularly public procurement law. The growing intensity of nudges to include and verify social elements in public procurements can be observed throughout the EU. The analysis of the Islandic case study bears relevance as it can be applied to the EU Member States and other EEA/EFTA States, contemplating similar approaches in their procurements. Section 1 introduces ÍST85. Section 2 analyses the relationship between EEA and EU law, showcasing that this article's analytical outcomes provide lessons applicable beyond Iceland. Section 3 examines how equal pay is regulated under EU law. Section 4 conducts an internal market analysis of ÍST85 compliance by examining the Treaties provisions on free movement. Section 5 introduces the EU public procurement law and examines ÍST85 compliance with Directive 2014/24/EU. Section 6 tests the application of ÍST85 to the Posted Workers Directive. Section 7 concludes the article. 

scholarly journals THE UK’S REFERENDUMS DURING ITS INTEGRATION INTO THE EU (1973-2016)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Chu Thanh Van
Keyword(s):  
Common People ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

Throughout the UK’s integration into the EU (1973-2016), referendums were considered and used as an effective political tool for the Government to negotiate with the common people on important issues. During the period of 43 years, the Government called for their practices 12 times with an uneven frequency between the UK’s leaders, namely the UK’s Prime Ministers. One important notice is that among the 12 referendums, only two have direct links to the relationship between the UK and the EU. This article looks into the use of referendums in the UK in general and the two that are directly related to the EU in particular in the period of 1973-2016. Its conclusion and findings are expected to help outline the usage of this political tool in the contemporary and futuristic climax of the country.

Jahrbuch des Agrarrechts

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Climate Protection ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Fisheries Policy ◽  
Foreign Agricultural ◽  
The Common ◽  
Crisis Scenarios ◽  
The Eu

In the XV. volume on the Yearbook on Agricultural Law, current problems in agricultural law are examined and legal solutions are presented. Internationally, South Korea‘s approach to deregulation of farmland ownership restrictions and forced utilization is provided, and de minimis aid is explained from a Polish perspective. In terms of labelling law, the innovations and opportunities on the EU Organic Regulation No. 2048/848 are discussed. In a further contribution, the legal instruments of the Common Agricultural Policy are evaluated in various crisis scenarios. In addition, the increasing integration of environmental and climate protection concerns into the Common Agricultural Policy is documented. Another article focuses on the Common Fisheries Policy from the perspective of state aid law. This volume also continues the comprehensive overview of the monographs and journal articles on German and foreign agricultural law published between 2018 and 2020, which were included in the library of the institute. With contributions by Gottfried Holzer, Teahuan Keum, José Martínez, Georg Miribung, Rudolf Mögele and Aneta Suchon.

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