scholarly journals Bottom-Up Strategies for Shared Mobility and Practices in Urban Housing to Improve Sustainable Planning

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2897
Author(s):  
Jutta Deffner ◽  
Jan-Marc Joost ◽  
Manuela Weber ◽  
Immanuel Stiess
Keyword(s):  
Urban Housing ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Transport Planning ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
Laboratory Design ◽  
Recommendations For Action ◽  
Sustainable Planning ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Communal Housing

Recent years have seen the development of numerous innovations in social, constructional, and transportation planning for different forms of communal housing. They illustrate how more sustainable practices in transport and land use can be achieved through the collective provision and use of space and mobility services. The question remains, however, of who needs to be involved in such bottom-up approaches and when in order to ensure their success. What changes are necessary to anchor these approaches in the wider context of urban and transport planning? This paper presents three examples of neighbourhood mobility concepts and the collaborative use of space and land. A research project accompanied the development of these concepts in a real-world laboratory design. The scientists used social-empirical methods and secondary analyses to evaluate social and ecological effects, economic viability and the process of joint development. The results show the high sustainability potential of such neighbourhood concepts: they enable residents to meet their mobility needs, while using fewer vehicles through shared use, reducing the number of journeys and changing their choice of transport. At the same time, promoting and developing community services has been shown to be inhibited by preconditions such as existing planning law. Opportunities and obstacles have been identified and translated into recommendations for action, focusing on municipal urban planning, transport planning, and the housing industry.

scholarly journals Pendampingan Pengelolaan Sampah Terpadu Berbasis Masyarakat dengan Konsep 3R Di desa Sukaluyu

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Lia Natalia ◽  
Hany Wihardja ◽  
Paramitha Wirdani Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract: Reuse, Reduce and Recycle (3R) is the behavior of waste management into a valuable material that can increase the economic benefits of the community and reduce environmental damage affecting global warming. This behavior is often used as a solution to improve the environment that has waste management problems. The purpose of this paper is to identify strategies for optimizing Community Based Independent Waste Management with the 3 R Concept (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle) in Sukaluyu Village, Karawang. This strategy is planned to be able to explore community participation that is bottom-up, starting from the identification of problems and needs of the community, socialization of the concept of 3 R in the household so that people can feel the benefits economically and preserve the environment.The implementation method consists of surveys, hearings, focus group discussions, training, and waste sorting self-practices. This activity is expected to not only improve the environmental quality of the Sukaluyu Village community, but also can change the perceptions and behavior of the community and local stakeholders regarding waste reduction and management. The most important conclusion of this community services is the emphasis on awareness and high involvement motivation of the community in waste management to create culture in the community.            Keywords: community participation; reuse reduce recycle; waste management  Abstrak: Reuse, Reduce dan Recycle (3R) adalah perilaku pengelolaan sampah menjadi bahan bernilai yang dapat meningkatkan manfaat ekonomis masyarakat dan mengurangi kerusakan lingkungan yang berdampak terhadap pemanasan global. Konsep 3 R ini sering dijadikan solusi untuk memperbaiki lingkungan yang memiliki masalah dalam pengelolaan sampah. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi strategi optimalisasi Pengelolaan Sampah Mandiri Berbasis Masyarakat dengan konsep 3 R (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle) di Desa Sukaluyu, Karawang. Strategi ini direncanakan untuk menggali partisipasi masyarakat yang bersifat bottom-up, dimulai dari identifikasi masalah dan kebutuhan masyarakat, sosialisasi konsep 3R di rumah tangga sehingga masyarakat dapat merasakan manfaat secara ekonomis dan menjaga kelestarian lingkungan. Metode pelaksanaan terdiri dari survei, audiensi, focus group discussion, pelatihan, dan praktik mandiri pengolahan-pemilahan sampah. Kegiatan ini diharapkan tidak hanya meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan masyarakat Desa Sukaluyu, namun juga dapat mengubah persepsi dan perilaku masyarakat dan stakeholder setempat terkait pengurangan dan pengelolaan sampah. Kesimpulan penting dari pengabdian ini adalah adanya kesadaran dan motivasi keterlibatan masyarakat yang baik dalam pengelolaan sampah hingga dapat menciptakan budaya di masyarakat. Kata kunci: partisipasi masyarakat; pengelolaan sampah; reuse reduce recycle

Norm Setting and Transparency and Confidence-Building in Space Governance

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-90
Author(s):  
Theresa Hitchens
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
International Level ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Sustainable Practices ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
The World ◽  
Space Activities

Governance of the use of space, both at the national and the international level, is complicated. Because most countries in the world have been reticent over the last thirty years to negotiate new legally binding commitments in space, ongoing multilateral work on space governance has concentrated primarily on voluntary measures. This chapter reviews and compares the two most salient of these initiatives: the normative recommendations of the UN Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) and the Guidelines for the Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities agreed by the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space Working Group. While the GGE was “top-down” focused on transparency and confidence-building to avoid conflict among States, the LTS Working Group was a “bottom-up” approach for safe and sustainable practices with regard to the use of space. The conclusion looks at how States can best implement the recommendations.

Bottom-Up or Top-Down Local Service Delivery? Assessing the Impacts of Special Districts as Community Governance Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-56
Author(s):  
Brian Y. An
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Property Values ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Local Service ◽  
Special Districts

This article assesses the impacts of bottom-up local governing institutions relative to top-down bureaucracies in local service delivery. Community services districts (CSDs) in California, a class of special districts that provides various neighborhood-level services, are examined to answer this question. An innovative characteristic of this institutional form is that it is residents who create them through a grass-root collective action to achieve a bottom-up governance structure, after opting out from a county service system. With changes in residential property values as performance metrics, the quantitative analysis utilizes district formation events and features a hedonic difference-in-difference regression. The results show that the creation of CSDs produces more significant impacts on property values than county authorities do. Yet, the effects are heterogeneous across the communities when the analysis is further drilled down to each district. The exploratory qualitative case study then uses interview data with district managers and document analysis to unveil what administrative factors explain the success and failure trajectory of bottom-up institution management. The case study identifies such factors as critical codeterminants, including managerial and board leadership, clarity of a problem statement, public support, and intergovernmental coordination with county and state agencies.

scholarly journals A worldwide model for boundaries of urban settlements

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 180468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erneson A. Oliveira ◽  
Vasco Furtado ◽  
José S. Andrade ◽  
Hernán A. Makse
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Open Problem ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
The World ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Sustainable Planning ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Definition Of

The shape of urban settlements plays a fundamental role in their sustainable planning. Properly defining the boundaries of cities is challenging and remains an open problem in the science of cities. Here, we propose a worldwide model to define urban settlements beyond their administrative boundaries through a bottom-up approach that takes into account geographical biases intrinsically associated with most societies around the world, and reflected in their different regional growing dynamics. The generality of the model allows one to study the scaling laws of cities at all geographical levels: countries, continents and the entire world. Our definition of cities is robust and holds to one of the most famous results in social sciences: Zipf’s law. According to our results, the largest cities in the world are not in line with what was recently reported by the United Nations. For example, we find that the largest city in the world is an agglomeration of several small settlements close to each other, connecting three large settlements: Alexandria, Cairo and Luxor. Our definition of cities opens the doors to the study of the economy of cities in a systematic way independently of arbitrary definitions that employ administrative boundaries.

scholarly journals Measuring road space consumption by transport modes: Toward a standard spatial efficiency assessment method and an application to the development scenarios of Rajkot City, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 651-669
Author(s):  
Marie-Eve Will ◽  
Yannick Cornet ◽  
Talat Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Method ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Transport Planning ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
Spatial Efficiency ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Road Space ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
Motorized Vehicles

The space “consumed” by various urban passenger transport modes varies greatly depending on the size and the speed of vehicles. Past studies have shown that public transport (PT) and non-motorized transport (NMT) can be up to 20 times more space-efficient compared to a typical car. This optimal use of space is of relevance in an urban context where space is often a constrained resource. Yet space used by vehicles is rarely assessed in the practice of transport planning. There exists no standard method for quantifying the use of space in complex urban settings. This study proposes an approach based on the space-time concept for quantifying and comparing the dynamic (on-road) and still (parking) space used by different transport modes for a specific road network. Transport planning scenarios developed in the Low-carbon Comprehensive Mobility Plan (LCMP) prepared for the city of Rajkot are used to demonstrate the method. The indicators show that significantly less space is used by transport in a scenario that promotes higher use of PT and NMT in comparison to a business-as-usual scenario based on traffic projections for private motorized vehicles. These results provide evidence that could contribute to alleviating chronic congestion expected from car- and motorcycle-based transport development only. Overall, this research describes an assessment framework for low-carbon transport development that would include spatial efficiency concerns.

Students Involvement in Multilingual and Multicultural Community Services

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Chiao Tsao
Keyword(s):  
Service Learning ◽  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Cultural Humility ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Multicultural Community ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Teaching Learning

Promoting cultural competence in serving diverse clients has become critically important across disciplines. Yet, progress has been limited in raising awareness and sensitivity. Tervalon and Murray-Garcia (1998) believed that cultural competence can only be truly achieved through critical self-assessment, recognition of limits, and ongoing acquisition of knowledge (known as “cultural humility”). Teaching cultural humility, and the value associated with it remains a challenging task for many educators. Challenges inherent in such instruction stem from lack of resources/known strategies as well as learner and instructor readiness. Kirk (2007) further indicates that providing feedback on one's integrity could be threatening. In current study, both traditional classroom-based teaching pedagogy and hands-on community engagement were reviewed. To bridge a gap between academic teaching/learning and real world situations, the author proposed service learning as a means to teach cultural humility and empower students with confidence in serving clients from culturally/linguistically diverse backgrounds. To provide a class of 51 students with multicultural and multilingual community service experience, the author partnered with the Tzu-Chi Foundation (an international nonprofit organization). In this article, the results, strengths, and limitations of this service learning project are discussed.

Oral Immune Activation by Disgust and Disease-Related Pictures

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Stevenson ◽  
Deborah Hodgson ◽  
Megan J. Oaten ◽  
Luba Sominsky ◽  
Mehmet Mahmut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Image Set

Abstract. Both disgust and disease-related images appear able to induce an innate immune response but it is unclear whether these effects are independent or rely upon a common shared factor (e.g., disgust or disease-related cognitions). In this study we directly compared these two inductions using specifically generated sets of images. One set was disease-related but evoked little disgust, while the other set was disgust evoking but with less disease-relatedness. These two image sets were then compared to a third set, a negative control condition. Using a wholly within-subject design, participants viewed one image set per week, and provided saliva samples, before and after each viewing occasion, which were later analyzed for innate immune markers. We found that both the disease related and disgust images, relative to the negative control images, were not able to generate an innate immune response. However, secondary analyses revealed innate immune responses in participants with greater propensity to feel disgust following exposure to disease-related and disgusting images. These findings suggest that disgust images relatively free of disease-related themes, and disease-related images relatively free of disgust may be suboptimal cues for generating an innate immune response. Not only may this explain why disgust propensity mediates these effects, it may also imply a common pathway.

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