scholarly journals The Role of Consumer Autonomy in Developing Sustainable AI: A Conceptual Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2332
Author(s):  
Lena Bjørlo ◽  
Øystein Moen ◽  
Mark Pasquine
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Privacy Regulation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fundamental Significance ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Online Decision Making ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Consumer Autonomy

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision aids are increasingly employed by businesses to assist consumers’ decision-making. Personalized content based on consumers’ data brings benefits for both consumers and businesses, i.e., with regards to more relevant content. However, this practice simultaneously enables increased possibilities for exerting hidden interference and manipulation on consumers, reducing consumer autonomy. We argue that due to this, consumer autonomy represents a resource at the risk of depletion and requiring protection, due to its fundamental significance for a democratic society. By balancing advantages and disadvantages of increased influence by AI, this paper addresses an important research gap and explores the essential challenges related to the use of AI for consumers’ decision-making and autonomy, grounded in extant literature. We offer a constructive, rather than optimistic or pessimistic, outlook on AI. Hereunder, we present propositions suggesting how these problems may be alleviated, and how consumer autonomy may be protected. These propositions constitute the fundament for a framework regarding the development of sustainable AI, in the context of online decision-making. We argue that notions of transparency, complementarity, and privacy regulation are vital for increasing consumer autonomy and promoting sustainable AI. Lastly, the paper offers a definition of sustainable AI within the contextual boundaries of online decision-making. Altogether, we position this paper as a contribution to the discussion of development towards a more socially sustainable and ethical use of AI.

Shared decision-making, decision aids, and the role of values in treatment decision-making

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amiram Gafni ◽  
Cathy Charles
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Clinical Encounter ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Treatment Decision Making ◽  
Key Characteristics

Shared decision-making (SDM) between physicians and patients is often advocated as the ‘best’ approach to treatment decision-making in the clinical encounter. In this chapter we describe: (i) the key characteristics of a SDM approach; (ii) the clinical contexts for SDM; (iii) the definition and use of decision aids (DA), as well as their relationship to SDM; and (iv) the vexing problem of defining the meaning and role of values/preferences in treatment decision-making. Areas for further research and conceptual development are also suggested to help resolve outstanding issues in the above areas. Despite the widespread interest in promoting SDM, there does not seem to be as yet a universally accepted consensus on the meaning of this concept.

scholarly journals Common things are common, but what is common? A foundation for probabilistic diagnosis.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Aberegg ◽  
Sean Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Decision ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Diagnostic Decision Making ◽  
Probabilistic Diagnosis

The well-known clinical axiom stating that “common things are common” attests to the pivotal role of probability in diagnosis. Despite the popularity of this and related axioms, there is no operationalized definition of a common disease, and no practicable way of incorporating actual disease frequencies into differential diagnosis. In this expository essay, we aim to reduce the ambiguity surrounding the definition of a common (or rare) disease and show that incidence – not prevalence – is the proper metric of disease frequency for diagnosis. We explore how a numerical estimates of disease frequencies based on incidence can be incorporated into differential diagnosis as well as the inherent limitations of this method. These concepts have important implications for diagnostic decision making and medical education, and hold promise as a method to improve diagnostic accuracy.

scholarly journals ROLE OF APPLYING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY " INVERTED LESSON» WHEN TEACHING A SECOND LANGUAGE AT A UNIVERSITY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Murzaeva ◽  
Sh.K. Zikirova ◽  
S.R. Mergenbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Independent Work

This article discusses the possibilities of using the innovative technology “inverted lesson” in combination with teaching in cooperation when teaching a second language at a university. The search for new technologies for training is due to the growing role of self-education in the concept of general cultural competencies of a modern specialist. Therefore, modern pedagogical technologies help students develop self-study skills. The advantages of the technology under study are found in an increase in the time for individual and independent work with students, in the ability to provide additional general cultural knowledge in parallel with the study of a certain thematic section on the one hand, as well as in the inclusion of students in active cognitive activity, the development of their independence on the other. The article shows the main approaches to the definition of the “inverted lesson” technology, gives its advantages and disadvantages, technical difficulties encountered in the implementation of the technology and, finally, the positive effect that can be achieved by using the “inverted lesson” technology in the classroom to study the second language among university students

Beyond the numbers: a critique of quantitative multi-criteria decision analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-296
Author(s):  
Michael J. DiStefano ◽  
Carleigh B. Krubiner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Analysis ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Broad Agreement

When setting priorities for health, there is broad agreement that a range of social values and ethical principles beyond clinical and cost-effectiveness matter, but exactly how health technology assessment (HTA) should account for a broader set of criteria remains an area of ongoing debate. In light of this, we welcome a recent review paper by Baltussen et al. evaluating the potential of different multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approaches to enable HTA agencies to incorporate a broader set of values in their appraisals. The authors describe three approaches to MCDA—qualitative MCDA, quantitative MCDA, and MCDA with decision rules—laying out their relative advantages and disadvantages and providing recommendations for how they can best be implemented. While we endorse many of the authors' assessments and conclusions, including the critical role of deliberation in any MCDA approach and the undertaking of qualitative MCDA at a minimum, we take a stronger position regarding the flaws of quantitative MCDA and strongly caution against it. We find quantitative MCDA antithetical to at least two of the ways MCDA is intended to improve HTA recommendations: (i) enhancing quality and (ii) promoting transparency. Quantitative MCDA may mask the complex tradeoffs that exist within and between decision criteria and remain generally inaccessible to those who are not well-versed in its technical methods of appraisal. We advocate for a predominantly qualitative approach to MCDA appraisal centered around deliberation and supplemented with decision aids to help account for health opportunity costs.

Ethical E-Participation

2015 ◽  
pp. 433-455
Author(s):  
Marco Picone ◽  
Francesco Lo Piccolo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Digital Mapping ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Public Participation Gis ◽  
Definition Of

The most recent forms of e-participation seem to provide new issues that need to be discussed. One such discussion involves the role of GIS. Can an ethically aware GIS be conceived? What does it mean for a GIS to be ethical at all? Throughout this paper, first the authors create a theoretical framework to encompass four key elements that lead us to the definition of ethical digital mapping: GIS ethics, social justice, power, and participation. Then they introduce the concept of PPGIS (Public Participation GIS), and argue that only a ‘qualitative turn' can enhance their importance in decision-making processes. Finally, the authors discuss an experiment that is currently taking place in Palermo, Italy, to debate the opportunities qualitative PPGIS may grant.

Mental Disorders and Decision-Making Capacity: What Is the Role of Law?

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Rommelaere
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Capacity Assessment ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Decision Making Capacity ◽  
Patient’S Rights ◽  
Surrogate Decision ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Legal Consequences

AbstractWhen a patient appears to have a mental disorder, doubts may arise about his or her decision-making capacity. Health professionals must then assess the patient’s capacity in order to make sure of the validity of his or her consent or refusal. Incapacity has indeed legal consequences, as law provides for the appointment of a surrogate decision-maker in case of incapacity. With Belgian law as a point of departure, this contribution is aiming at identifying the role of law in capacity assessment itself, prior to the decision about (in)capacity. In order to protect the patient’s rights and to support the task of those carrying out the assessment, law should provide for a global definition of decision-making capacity and for a frame-procedure guiding this assessment. In my opinion, it is possible for law to contribute to the complex task of capacity assessment without interfering embarrassingly with healthcare practice.

Broadening the Definition of Decision Making: The Role of Prechoice Screening of Options

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Roy Beach
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Theory ◽  
Image Theory ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Choice Set

Decision theory and research have focused almost exclusively on choice—the selection of the best option from a choice set containing two or more options. Largely overlooked is the question of how those particular options got there in the first place—why them and not others? This article describes a theory, called image theory, about how prechoice screening of options governs the contents of the set from which a choice is made and summarizes empirical tests of the theory. The research results suggest that screening plays a far more important role in decision making than is generally appreciated and that our view of decision making must be broadened accordingly.

Ethical E-Participation

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Picone ◽  
Francesco Lo Piccolo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Digital Mapping ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Public Participation Gis ◽  
Definition Of

The most recent forms of e-participation seem to provide new issues that need to be discussed. One such discussion involves the role of GIS. Can an ethically aware GIS be conceived? What does it mean for a GIS to be ethical at all? Throughout this paper, first the authors create a theoretical framework to encompass four key elements that lead us to the definition of ethical digital mapping: GIS ethics, social justice, power, and participation. Then they introduce the concept of PPGIS (Public Participation GIS), and argue that only a ‘qualitative turn' can enhance their importance in decision-making processes. Finally, the authors discuss an experiment that is currently taking place in Palermo, Italy, to debate the opportunities qualitative PPGIS may grant.

Boosting innovation performance through big data analytics:An empirical investigationon the role of firm agility

2021 ◽  
pp. 016555152110474
Author(s):  
Ahad ZareRavasan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Moderating Role

While past studies proposed the role of big data analytics (BDA) as one of the primary pathways to business value creation, current knowledge on the link between BDA and innovation performance remains limited. In this regard, this study intends to fill this research gap by developing a theoretical framework for understanding how and under which mechanisms BDA influences innovation performance. Firm agility (conceptualised as sensing agility, decision-making agility and acting agility) is used in this research as the mediator between BDA and innovation performance. Besides, this research conceptualises two moderating variables: data-driven culture and BDA team sophistication. This study employs partial least squares (PLS) to test and validate the proposed hypotheses using survey data of 185 firms. The results show that firm agility significantly mediates the link between BDA use and innovation performance. Besides, the results suggest that data-driven culture moderates the relation between sensing agility and decision-making agility. This research also supports the moderating role of BDA team sophistication on the link between BDA use and sensing agility.

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