scholarly journals Planning Strategy for the Reduction of Runoff Using Urban Green Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2238
Author(s):  
Byungsun Yang ◽  
Dong Kun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Runoff Reduction

Urban green space plays an important role in treating stormwater. In a highly dense urban environment, it is difficult to create large areas of green space. To utilize green space in urban areas effectively, locating an effective green space type is important. In this study, we examined the effect of green space on runoff reduction by comparing different green space setting scenarios. By changing the green space area ratio, green space structure, street tree type, and rainfall duration and amount, we compared the runoff rates. The results showed that the green space area ratio was more effective when more than 10% of the area was green space, and the runoff reduction rate was decreased more effectively when the tree canopy LAI (leaf area index) value increased from 2 to 2.5 than when the LAI value was higher. Green space was more effective at lower intensities of rainfall events. Different green space structures cause other effects on evaporation and soil infiltration. Each strategy needs to be implemented correctly for green infrastructure policy purposes.

scholarly journals Hydrological Effects of Urban Green Space on Stormwater Runoff Reduction in Luohe, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6599
Author(s):  
Peihao Song ◽  
Jianhui Guo ◽  
Enkai Xu ◽  
Audrey L. Mayer ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Canopy Interception ◽  
Canopy Layer ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Runoff Regulation ◽  
Rain Events

This paper reveals the role of urban green space (UGS) in regulating runoff and hence on urban hydrological balance. The modeling software i-Tree Hydro was used to quantify the effects of UGS on surface runoff regulation and canopy interception capacity in four simulated land-cover scenarios. The results showed that the existing UGS could mitigate 15,871,900 m3 volume of runoff (accounting for 9.85% of total runoff) and intercept approximately 9.69% of total rainfall by the vegetation canopy. UGS in midterm goal and final goal scenarios could retain about 10.74% and 10.89% of total rainfall that falls onto the canopy layer, respectively. The existing UGS in the Luohe urban area had a positive but limited contribution in runoff regulation, with similar responses in future scenarios with increased UGS coverage. UGS rainfall interception volume changed seasonally along with changing leaf area index (LAI) and precipitation, and the interception efficiency was distinctly different under various rain intensities and durations. The UGS had a relatively high interception performance under light and long duration rain events but performed poorly under heavy and short rain events due to limited surface storage capacities. Our study will assist urban planners and policy-makers regarding UGS size and functionality in future planning in Luohe, particularly regarding future runoff management and Sponge City projects.

scholarly journals Investigating the Patterns and Dynamics of Urban Green Space in China’s 70 Major Cities Using Satellite Remote Sensing

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhui Kuang ◽  
Yinyin Dou
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Western China ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Data Platform ◽  
Western Zone

Urban green space (UGS) plays a pivotal role in improving urban ecosystem services and building a livable environment for urban dwellers. However, remotely sensed investigation of UGS at city scale is facing a challenge due to the pixels’ mosaics of buildings, squares, roads and green spaces in cities. Here we developed a new algorithm to unmix the fraction of UGS derived from Landsat TM/ETM/8 OLI using a big-data platform. The spatiotemporal patterns and dynamics of UGSs were examined for 70 major cities in China between 2000 and 2018. The results showed that the total area of UGS in these cities grew from 2780.66 km2 in 2000 to 6764.75 km2 in 2018, which more than doubled its area. As a result, the UGS area per inhabitant rose from 15.01 m2 in 2000 to 18.09 m2 in 2018. However, an uneven layout of UGS occurred among the coastal, western, northeastern and central zones. For example, the UGS percentage in newly expanded urban areas in the coastal zone rose significantly in 2000–2018, with an increase of 2.51%, compared to the decline in UGS in cities in the western zone. Therefore, the effective strategies we have developed should be adopted to show disparities and promote green infrastructure capacity building in those cities with less green space, especially in western China.

scholarly journals Urban Green Space Arrangement for an Optimal Landscape Planning Strategy for Runoff Reduction

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Byungsun Yang ◽  
Dongkun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Water Cycle

Increased impervious surfaces due to urbanization have reduced evaporation and infiltration into the soil compared with existing natural water cycle systems, which causes various problems, such as urban floods, landslides, and deterioration of water quality. To effectively solve the urban water cycle issue, green infrastructure using urban green space has emerged to reduce runoff and increase evaporation. It has the advantage of restoring the water cycle system of urban areas by complementing the failure of conventional stormwater treatment systems. However, urban areas under high-density development have limited green space for stormwater treatment. Hence, it is necessary to efficiently utilize street trees and small green spaces to improve the urban water cycle through green space. In this study, we simulated different green space distribution scenarios in the virtual domain to find the optimal strategy of green space planning. Compared to clustered scenarios, dispersed green space distribution scenarios and placing green space downstream were more effective in reducing the runoff amount. The paper provides insights into the considerations for determining green space spatial plan and zoning regulations for stormwater treatment by green infrastructure.

scholarly journals Quantification and monetary valuation of urban ecosystem services in Munich, Germany

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Aevermann ◽  
Jürgen Schmude
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Runoff Reduction

AbstractUrban green spaces provide ecosystem services that can be used by the local population. The valuation of these ecosystem services in urban areas gives information for stakeholders and decision-makers to improve urban planning processes. In addition, this information can be used to provide a better understanding of how urban green spaces should be managed. In this study, we quantify and monetize four ecosystem services (carbon sequestration and storage, air pollution removal, runoff reduction, groundwater recharge) provided by the urban green space of Schlosspark Nymphenburg in Munich, Germany. We classify four different land cover types (tree, grass/herbaceous, water, impervious) to calculate different amounts of ecosystem services according to the land cover type. In addition, we quantify the maintenance costs which this urban green space causes to the city of Munich. The interpretation, communication and risks of valuations studies are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Equity and Regional Management of Some Urban Green Space Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of Main Urban Area of Xi’an City

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Hui Dang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yumeng Zhang ◽  
Zixiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Deposition Flux ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Xi’An City

Urban green spaces can provide many types of ecosystem services for residents. An imbalance in the pattern of green spaces leads to an inequality of the benefits of such spaces. Given the current situation of environmental problems and the basic geographical conditions of Xi’an City, this study evaluated and mapped four kinds of ecosystem services from the perspective of equity: biodiversity, carbon sequestration, air purification, and climate regulation. Regionalization with dynamically constrained agglomerative clustering and partitioning (REDCAP) was used to obtain the partition groups of ecosystem services. The results indicate that first, the complexity of the urban green space community is low, and the level of biodiversity needs to be improved. The dry deposition flux of particulate matter (PM2.5) decreases from north to south, and green spaces enhance the adsorption of PM2.5. Carbon sequestration in the south and east is higher than that in the north and west, respectively. The average surface temperature in green spaces is lower than that in other urban areas. Second, urban green space resources in the study area are unevenly distributed. Therefore, ecosystem services in different areas are inequitable. Finally, based on the regionalization of integrated ecosystem services, an ecosystem services cluster was developed. This included 913 grid spaces, 12 partitions, and 5 clusters, which can provide a reference for distinct levels of ecosystem services management. This can assist urban managers who can use these indicators of ecosystem service levels for planning and guiding the overall development pattern of green spaces. The benefits would be a maximization of the ecological functions of green spaces, an improvement of the sustainable development of the city, and an improvement of people’s well-being.

Using Hemispherical Photography to Determine Leaf Area Index of Landscape Trees in Urban Green Space of Dongguan, South China

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 4034-4038
Author(s):  
Luo Jian Mo ◽  
Wen Bin Li ◽  
Yong Chang Ye ◽  
Yong Wen Zhou ◽  
Song Song Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Hemispherical Photography ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Landscape Trees

Transect sampling method was used to measure structural attributes of landscape trees in urban green space of three city parks and one residential greenbelt in Dongguan. Leaf area index (LAI) of the landscape trees in each urban green space was determined using hemispherical photography. Average DBH (diameter at the breast height) and CW(crown width) in Wenhua Square were the largest due to the presence of heritage large trees, while the landscape trees were species diverse in Renmin Park. A comparison of LAI in the green space gave a result in descending order: Renmin Park > Wenhua Square > Jinhuwan greenbelt > Yuanmei Park. The case of Renmin Park indicated that when a green space consisted of various structural attributes, landscape trees in different growth stages tended to have large LAI. Findings of our study suggested that a diversity of trees with potentially different LAI should be selected when planning urban green space.

Landscape Design of Urban Green Space Adaptive to Global Climate Change a Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 6842-6845
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Yan Hui Sui ◽  
Xue Biao Geng
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Ecological Principle ◽  
Low Carbon City

Low-carbon city provide both opportunity and challenge for landscape architecture. Urban green space planning and design are the most important way to achieve the landscape adaptive to globe climate change. In this paper, we introduced importance and significance of urban green space in low-carbon landscape, and reviewed many new design solutions, such as construction of green infrastructure, protection of natural vegetation and ecosystems, use of phytoremediation and application of urban productive landscape. Via innovative design solution and ecological principle, landscape architects would create a substantially new aesthetics to ensure the survivance of humanity.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF GREEN SPACE ON THE LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN HUE CITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4C) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Nguyen Bac Giang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Study Results

This paper presents the analysis of the effect of urban green space types on land surface temperature in Hue city. Data are collected with temperature monitoring results from each green space type and the interpretation of surface temperature based on Landsat 8 satellite image data to determine temperatures at different times of the year. Results showed that there was a significant correlation between types of urban green space and the surface temperature. Types of green space with a large area and vegetation indexes have a greater effect on temperature than areas with a smaller green space do. Green space types including forest green space, dedicated green space and agriculture green space have the most effect on the surface temperature. The forest area has the greatest influence on the temperature with a temperature difference of more than 1.6 degrees Celsius at 9:00 in the daytime. Besides, the results extracted from satellite images also show that the area of urban green space going to be reduced makes a contribution to increase the surface temperature of urban areas. The study results have established foundation for planning the green spaces in climate change challenges in Hue City.

A MSPA-Based Approach of Urban Green Space System Planning

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5972-5979
Author(s):  
Qing Chang ◽  
Yao Qiu ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Jian Sheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Spatial Pattern Analysis ◽  
Space System ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Land Use Decisions

Urban green spaces are considered as the life support system in a city, if systematically planned, developed, and maintained, they may provide various ecosystem services in a sustainable way. By integrating the morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and the green infrastructure (GI) network based on GIS, this study provided an urban green space planning method to guide urban sustainable spatial development and land use decisions in the Longgang District of Shenzhen in China. The approach has a robust performance in identifying the vital hubs and linkages in the urban green space system. It is hoped that this plan model based on MSPA, the function connectivity of urban green spaces could be farther strengthened so that some key zones in landscape pattern could be protected in the future development.

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