scholarly journals Financial Sustainability and Earnings Management in the Spanish Sports Federations: A Multi-Theoretical Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2099
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Guevara ◽  
Emilio Martín ◽  
María José Arcas
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Managerial Discretion ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Public Subsidies ◽  
Accounting Accruals

The objective of this study is to analyze, from a multi-theoretical framework, whether the managers of the Spanish National Sports Federations (NSFs) apply earnings management using accounting accruals as a measure of managerial discretion; secondly, whether these practices are associated with both the level of dependence on external resources, and the economic and financial control mechanisms exercised by the Superior Sports Council (Consejo Superior de Deportes, CSD) for the granting of public subsidies. The study provides evidence that long-term debt levels and the size of sports federations are determinants of earnings management, with a more accentuated relationship in the case of Olympic and Paralympic sports federations.

Effect of Financial Control Mechanisms on Performance of Income Generating Units in Selected Public Universities in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (V) ◽  
pp. 286-304
Author(s):  
Shadrack Musunkui Towett ◽  
Isaac Naibei ◽  
Williter Rop
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Control Mechanisms

In an attempt to bridge the gap between the budgetary allocations and actual expenditures most universities have started income generating units with the aim of boosting their operational expenses. Whereas there is the potential of the use of Income Generating Units (IGUs) to generate additional funds, most universities still experience challenges in full implementation and realization of the revenue goal. This study therefore sought to determine the financial control mechanisms affecting performance of income generating units among selected public universities. The study sought to determine the effect of internal controls, credit policies, financial risk management and internal audit on performance of income generating units in selected universities. Targeted population was all the 290 employees in the IGU departments of selected public universities. The respondents were sampled using simple random sampling so as to enable equal representation of the target population without any biasness. Data collection was done using the questionnaire to ensure sufficient data was collected from the respondents. Descriptive statistics assisted in the determination of respondent’s views and opinions on every variable. Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis into meaningful, precise and comprehensive statements and presented in quotations. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21 and data presented in form of figures and tables. The study ensured that all ethical considerations were considered by the study. The findings were that most employed Income Generating Units in Public Universities were Collection of rental fees, Evening and executive programs and Trainings of both short and long courses while the least was established to be Sales of memorabilia and books. All the financial control mechanism investigated namely internal audit, internal control measures, risk management strategies and credit policies had large extents of adoption in the selected universities. The results of the regression analysis showed that the financial control mechanisms investigated had a significant positive relationship on performance of the IGUs. Specifically, 47% of the variation of the performance of IGUs was established to be explained by the studied factors. The study concluded that the performance of the IGUs among the selected public universities was largely accounted for by the implemented financial control measures. Therefore effective financial control mechanisms is concluded to lead to better IGU performance whereas shortcomings in the financial control mechanisms is concluded to lead to diminished returns in the IGUs. The study recommended that the management in charge of the IGU department in the public universities to prioritize the formulation, implementation and monitoring of financial control mechanisms in the IGUs. To facilitate effective financial controls, the study recommended that the management especially those in the audit section to conduct regular checks and inspections on the IGUs. Additionally, frequent reforms were recommended to address the shortcomings experienced in integrating financial control measures in IGUs.

Financial Sustainability and Infrastructure Finance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Carvalho de Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Infrastructure Finance ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Development Banks ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Capital Development

Among the lessons that can be drawn from the global financial crisis is that private financial institutions have failed to promote the capital development of the affected economies, and to dampen financial fragility. This chapter analyses the macroeconomic role that development banks can play in this context, not only providing long-term funding necessary to promote economic development, but also fostering financial stability. The chapter discusses, in particular, the need for public financial institutions to provide support for infrastructure and sustainable development projects. It concludes that development banks play a strategic role by funding infrastructure projects in particular, and outlines the lessons for enhancing their role as catalysts for mitigating risks associated with such projects.

Intervention by Outsiders: A Strategic Management Perspective on Government Industrial Policy

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romano Dyerson ◽  
Frank Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
British Experience ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACTAs the debate throughout the eighties has concluded, the efforts of governments to intervene at the firm level has largely been disappointing. Using two examples drawn from the British experience, Rover and Inmos, this paper offers an analysis as to why the Government has encountered difficulties when it has sought to intervene in a strategic fashion. Essentially, public policy makers lack adequate mechanisms to intervene effectively in technology-based companies. Locked out of the knowledge base of the firm, inappropriate financial control is imposed which reinforces the ‘outsider’ status of the Government. Having addressed the limitations of strategic intervention, the paper, drawing on the comparative experience of other countries, then goes on to address how this policy boundary might be pushed back in the long term.

α-Oxoaldehyde metabolism and diabetic complications

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1358-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Beisswenger ◽  
S.K. Howell ◽  
R.G. Nelson ◽  
M. Mauer ◽  
B.S. Szwergold
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products

The factors responsible for variable susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy are not clear. According to the non-enzymatic glycation hypothesis, diabetes-related tissue damage occurs due to a complex mixture of toxic products, including α-oxoaldehydes, which are inherently toxic as well as serving as presursors for advanced glycation end-products. Protective mechanisms exist to control this unavoidable glycation, and these are determined by genetic or environmental factors that can regulate the concentrations of the reactive sugars or end-products. In diabetes these protective mechanisms become more important, since glycation stress increases, and less efficient defence systems against this stress could lead to diabetic complications. Some of these enzymatic control mechanisms, including those that regulate α-oxoaldehydes, have been identified. We have observed significant increases in production of the α-oxoaldehydes methylglyoxal and 3-deoxyglucosone in three human populations with biopsy-proven progression of nephropathy. The increase in methylglyoxal could be secondary to defects in downstream glycolytic enzymes (such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) that regulate its production, or in detoxification mechanisms such as glyoxalase. Other mechanisms, however, appear to be responsible for the observed increase in 3-deoxyglucosone levels. We present results of our studies on the mechanisms responsible for variable production of α-oxoaldehydes by measuring the activity and characteristics of these enzymes in cells from complication-prone and -resistant diabetic patients. New therapeutic interventions designed to control these endogenous mechanisms could potentially enhance protection against excessive glycation and prevent or reverse complications of long-term diabetes.

Healthcare in Cuba: Sustainability Challenges in an Ageing System

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-159
Author(s):  
Carmelo Mesa-Lago ◽  
Sergio Díaz-Briquets
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Sustainability Challenges

AbstractThis article assumes a balanced position between two contrasting views regarding the accessibility, quality, efficiency and financial sustainability of the Cuban healthcare system. It evaluates those issues in the 2006–20 period by identifying strengths and weaknesses based on a comprehensive statistical compilation of health indicators, physical infrastructure trends, availability of physicians and other elements to assess the system's long-term financial sustainability. Finally, it examines the likely consequences of population ageing on healthcare, including potential policies.

scholarly journals Pollution Loads Discharged from Combined Sewer Overflows: Theoretical Approach and Long Term Numerical Assessment

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Mignosa ◽  
Alessandro Paoletti
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Numerical Assessment ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
On Line ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
Two Parameters

The paper describes a theoretical analysis and a numerical assessment of pollutant loads discharged from Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) - with or without stormwater tanks – into the environment. The theoretical approach was based on certain simple assumptions, reasonably valid if the time scale of the problem involved is long enough (month/ year), in that single-event simulation is not interesting at all. Two main parameters related to the rainfall regime were found to be significant: the total volume of water discharged from the structure and the effective mixing factor between sanitary sewage and storm runoff. A numerical assessment of these two parameters was then made, on an annual basis, by means of a long-term rainfall series recorded in Milan, Italy. Both the “simple” CSO structure and the CSO coupled with stormwater tanks (on-line or off-line) were considered. The resulting graphs make it possible to evaluate the total annual load discharged from CSOs into the environment and the potential reduction obtained by adding a storage capacity to the overflow. This estimation could be of interest for persistent pollutants (phosphorus, heavy metals) discharged into low-recirculation bodies (lakes, estuaries, lagoons, closed seas).

scholarly journals Earnings Management And Privatisations: Evidence From Pakistan Evidence From Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Iram Khan ◽  
Zeeshan Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Jones Model ◽  
Reported Earnings

This study examines the incidence of earnings management around the time of the privatisation of State Owned Enterprises in Pakistan during 1991-2005. Using the modified Jones model and a sample of large privatisations (minimum US$1 million), it shows that the sampled firms experienced increase in earnings, decrease in cash flows, and increase in current discretionary accruals in the year prior to and/or in the year of privatisation. The SOEs used both short term and long term accruals to inflate reported earnings. These accruals were reversed in the post-privatisation period. These findings suggest that managers of the firms slated for privatisation were engaged in earnings management to inflate their firms‘ financial worth to maximise the privatisation proceeds. Hence, we cannot reject the incidence of earnings management during privatisations in Pakistan. The results imply that the investors should carefully evaluate the to-be-privatised firms and keep in view the possibility of earnings management by the SOEs. JEL Classification: G14, G34, G38, L33, M41 Keywords: Earnings Management, Privatisations, SOEs, Pakistan, Accruals

scholarly journals FORMALIZATION OF CONTROL MECHANISMS: THE CASE OF SMALL COMPANIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 144-155
Author(s):  
Andriamasimanana Origene Harizofinoana ◽  
Andriamasimanana Origene Olivier
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Modern Management

Control mechanisms are the major problem for small companies such as VSEs and SMEs today. A hypothetical-deductive approach was adopted in this research to demonstrate that the more the size of companies changes, the more the degree of formalization of control systems increases. The study based on the case of 25 Malagasy companies through statistical analyses confirmed this hypothesis. VSEs still have great difficulty in implementing a control system that meets their long-term needs due to lack of resources and the use of modern management tools linked to control systems also varies according to their size. Innovation in this sense is necessary to enable small companies to better control their activities and to ensure a very good performance.

OPTIONS FOR ASSESSING THE SUITABILITY OF URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL ACUPUNCTURE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Vojvodíková ◽  
Jiří Kupka ◽  
Adéla Brázdová ◽  
Radim Fojtík ◽  
Iva Tichá
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
The City

To increase their resilience to climate change, cities are looking to apply elements of urban environmental acupuncture. The essence of such measures is many smaller sites that is functioning as mitigation measures. Many of these small places then create a large overall effect. The advantage of these small-scale measures is that they can be in densely populated areas The assessment tool described in this paper is designed for city representatives and is an aid to assess the suitability of applying a particular measure based on the parameters described. The evaluation itself then helps to decide whether the solution is suitable for a particular site or whether any of the parameters need to be adjusted to make it suitable, or whether it would be appropriate to change the proposed solution. The intention of the evaluation is not to assess the technical solution but relies primarily on the location, long-term (especially financial) sustainability and acceptance by the citizens of the city. The paper presents an example of the application of the evaluation to four sites in city Liptovský Mikuláš, describing the results and identifying parameters that can be improved to ensure the urban environmental acupuncture is accepted by citizens and thus future-proofed.

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