scholarly journals Synopsis of Factors Affecting Hydrogen Storage in Biomass-Derived Activated Carbons

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1947
Author(s):  
Al Ibtida Sultana ◽  
Nepu Saha ◽  
M. Toufiq Reza
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Heat Of Adsorption ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Widespread Application

Hydrogen (H2) is largely regarded as a potential cost-efficient clean fuel primarily due to its beneficial properties, such as its high energy content and sustainability. With the rising demand for H2 in the past decades and its favorable characteristics as an energy carrier, the escalating USA consumption of pure H2 can be projected to reach 63 million tons by 2050. Despite the tremendous potential of H2 generation and its widespread application, transportation and storage of H2 have remained the major challenges of a sustainable H2 economy. Various efforts have been undertaken by storing H2 in activated carbons, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), etc. Recently, the literature has been stressing the need to develop biomass-based activated carbons as an effective H2 storage material, as these are inexpensive adsorbents with tunable chemical, mechanical, and morphological properties. This article reviews the current research trends and perspectives on the role of various properties of biomass-based activated carbons on its H2 uptake capacity. The critical aspects of the governing factors of H2 storage, namely, the surface morphology (specific surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution), surface functionality (heteroatom and functional groups), physical condition of H2 storage (temperature and pressure), and thermodynamic properties (heat of adsorption and desorption), are discussed. A comprehensive survey of the literature showed that an “ideal” biomass-based activated carbon sorbent with a micropore size typically below 10 Å, micropore volume greater than 1.5 cm3/g, and high surface area of 4000 m2/g or more may help in substantial gravimetric H2 uptake of >10 wt% at cryogenic conditions (−196 °C), as smaller pores benefit by stronger physisorption due to the high heat of adsorption.

scholarly journals The Effects of Methane Storage Capacity Using Upgraded Activated Carbon by KOH

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Park ◽  
Gi Lee ◽  
Sang Hwang ◽  
Ji Kim ◽  
Bum Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Heat Of Adsorption ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Ch4 Adsorption ◽  
Ch4 Storage

In this study, a feasible experiment on adsorbed natural gas (ANG) was performed using activated carbons (ACs) with high surface areas. Upgraded ACs were prepared using chemical activation with potassium hydroxide, and were then applied as adsorbents for methane (CH4) storage. This study had three principal objectives: (i) upgrade ACs with high surface areas; (ii) evaluate the factors regulating CH4 adsorption capacity; and (iii) assess discharge conditions for the delivery of CH4. The results showed that upgraded ACs with surface areas of 3052 m2/g had the highest CH4 storage capacity (0.32 g-CH4/g-ACs at 3.5 MPa), which was over two times higher than the surface area and storage capacity of low-grade ACs (surface area = 1152 m2/g, 0.10 g-CH4/g-ACs). Among the factors such as surface area, packing density, and heat of adsorption in the ANG system, the heat of adsorption played an important role in controlling CH4 adsorption. The released heat also affected the CH4 storage and enhanced available applications. During the discharge of gas from the ANG system, the residual amount of CH4 increased as the temperature decreased. The amount of delivered gas was confirmed using different evacuation flow rates at 0.4 MPa, and the highest efficiency of delivery was 98% at 0.1 L/min. The results of this research strongly suggested that the heat of adsorption should be controlled by both recharging and discharging processes to prevent rapid temperature change in the adsorbent bed.

scholarly journals Nitrogen self-doped activated carbons via the direct activation of Samanea saman leaves for high energy density supercapacitors

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (38) ◽  
pp. 21724-21732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vichuda Sattayarut ◽  
Thanthamrong Wanchaem ◽  
Pundita Ukkakimapan ◽  
Visittapong Yordsri ◽  
Paweena Dulyaseree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Direct Activation ◽  
Samanea Saman

Nitrogen self-doped activated carbons with high surface area obtained via the direct activation of Samanea saman leaves for high energy density supercapacitors.

Phenol adsorption by activated carbon produced from spent coffee grounds

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2059-2065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cínthia S. Castro ◽  
Anelise L. Abreu ◽  
Carmen L. T. Silva ◽  
Mário C. Guerreiro
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Phenol Adsorption ◽  
Coffee Grounds

The present work highlights the preparation of activated carbons (ACs) using spent coffee grounds, an agricultural residue, as carbon precursor and two different activating agents: water vapor (ACW) and K2CO3 (ACK). These ACs presented the microporous nature and high surface area (620–950 m2 g−1). The carbons, as well as a commercial activated carbon (CAC) used as reference, were evaluated as phenol adsorbent showing high adsorption capacity (≈150 mg g−1). The investigation of the pH solution in the phenol adsorption was also performed. The different activating agents led to AC with distinct morphological properties, surface area and chemical composition, although similar phenol adsorption capacity was verified for both prepared carbons. The production of activated carbons from spent coffee grounds resulted in promising adsorbents for phenol removal while giving a noble destination to the residue.

scholarly journals Hydrogen uptake of high surface area-activated carbons doped with nitrogen

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (25) ◽  
pp. 10453-10460 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Zhao ◽  
V. Fierro ◽  
N. Fernández-Huerta ◽  
M.T. Izquierdo ◽  
A. Celzard
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Hydrogen Uptake

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from albizia saman pod

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
G. D. Akpen ◽  
M. I. Aho ◽  
N. Baba
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Albizia Saman ◽  
Temperature Surface

Activated carbon was prepared from the pods of Albizia saman for the purpose of converting the waste to wealth. The pods were thoroughly washed with water to remove any dirt, air- dried and cut into sizes of 2-4 cm. The prepared pods were then carbonised in a muffle furnace at temperatures of 4000C, 5000C, 6000C ,7000C and 8000C for 30 minutes. The same procedure was repeated for 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes respectively. Activation was done using impregnationratios of 1:12, 1:6, 1:4, 1:3, and 1:2 respectively of ZnCl2 to carbonised Albizia saman pods by weight. The activated carbon was then dried in an oven at 1050C before crushing for sieve analysis. The following properties of the produced Albizia saman pod activated carbon (ASPAC) were determined: bulk density, carbon yield, surface area and ash, volatile matter and moisture contents. The highest surface area of 1479.29 m2/g was obtained at the optimum impregnation ratio, carbonization time and temperature of 1:6, 60 minutes and 5000C respectively. It was recommended that activated carbon should be prepared from Albizia saman pod with high potential for adsorption of pollutants given the high surface area obtained.Keywords: Albizia saman pod, activated carbon, carbonization, temperature, surface area

Electrochemical performance of high surface area activated carbons derived from coal tar pitch

Carbon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Wang ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
Song-en Li ◽  
Jin-yu Wang ◽  
Xiao-dong Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Coal Tar Pitch

Effect of Activating Agent on the Preparation of Bamboo-Based High Surface Area Activated Carbon by Microwave Heating

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongying Xia ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Chandrasekar Srinivasakannan ◽  
Jinhui Peng ◽  
Libo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Activating Agent

AbstractThe present work attempts to convert bamboo into a high surface area activated carbon via microwave heating. Different chemical activating agents such as KOH, NaOH, K2CO3 and Na2CO3 were utilized to identify a most suitable activating agent. Among the activating agents tested KOH was found to generate carbon with the highest porosity and surface area. The effect of KOH/C ratio on the porous nature of the activated carbon has been assessed. An optimal KOH/C ratio of 4 was identified, beyond which the surface area as well as the pore volume were found to decrease. At the optimized KOH/C ratio the surface area and the pore volume were estimated to be 3,441 m2/g and 2.093 ml/g, respectively, with the significant proportion of which being microporous (62.3%). Activated carbon prepared under the optimum conditions was further characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Activated carbons with so high surface area and pore volume are very rarely reported, which could be owed to the nature of the precursor and the optimal conditions of mixture ratio adopted in the present work.

A comparison of different activated carbon performances on catalytic ozonation of a model azo reactive dye

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ş. Gül ◽  
O. Eren ◽  
Ş. Kır ◽  
Y. Önal
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Catalytic Ozonation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Pore Properties

The objective of this study is to compare the performances of catalytic ozonation processes of two activated carbons prepared from olive stone (ACOS) and apricot stone (ACAS) with commercial ones (granular activated carbon-GAC and powder activated carbon-PAC) in degradation of reactive azo dye (Reactive Red 195). The optimum conditions (solution pH and amount of catalyst) were investigated by using absorbencies at 532, 220 and 280 nm wavelengths. Pore properties of the activated carbon (AC) such as BET surface area, pore volume, pore size distribution, and pore diameter were characterized by N2 adsorption. The highest BET surface area carbon (1,275 m2/g) was obtained from ACOS with a particle size of 2.29 nm. After 2 min of catalytic ozonation, decolorization performances of ACOS and ACAS (90.4 and 91.3%, respectively) were better than that of GAC and PAC (84.6 and 81.2%, respectively). Experimental results showed that production of porous ACs with high surface area from olive and apricot stones is feasible in Turkey.

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