scholarly journals A Review of Applications and Communication Technologies for Internet of Things (IoT) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Based Sustainable Smart Farming

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1821
Author(s):  
Nahina Islam ◽  
Md Mamunur Rashid ◽  
Faezeh Pasandideh ◽  
Biplob Ray ◽  
Steven Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Smart Agriculture

To reach the goal of sustainable agriculture, smart farming is taking advantage of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. These smart farms are designed to be run by interconnected devices and vehicles. Some enormous potentials can be achieved by the integration of different IoT technologies to achieve automated operations with minimum supervision. This paper outlines some major applications of IoT and UAV in smart farming, explores the communication technologies, network functionalities and connectivity requirements for Smart farming. The connectivity limitations of smart agriculture and it’s solutions are analysed with two case studies. In case study-1, we propose and evaluate meshed Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) gateways to address connectivity limitations of Smart Farming. While in case study-2, we explore satellite communication systems to provide connectivity to smart farms in remote areas of Australia. Finally, we conclude the paper by identifying future research challenges on this topic and outlining directions to address those challenges.

scholarly journals Comparison of LPWAN Technologies: Cost Structure and Scalability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Istiak Hossain ◽  
Jan I. Markendahl
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Generic Framework ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

AbstractSmall-scale commercial rollouts of Cellular-IoT (C-IoT) networks have started globally since last year. However, among the plethora of low power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies, the cost-effectiveness of C-IoT is not certain for IoT service providers, small and greenfield operators. Today, there is no known public framework for the feasibility analysis of IoT communication technologies. Hence, this paper first presents a generic framework to assess the cost structure of cellular and non-cellular LPWAN technologies. Then, we applied the framework in eight deployment scenarios to analyze the prospect of LPWAN technologies like Sigfox, LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, LTE-M, and EC-GSM. We consider the inter-technology interference impact on LoRaWAN and Sigfox scalability. Our results validate that a large rollout with a single technology is not cost-efficient. Also, our analysis suggests the rollout possibility of an IoT communication Technology may not be linear to cost-efficiency.

scholarly journals Worldwide Connectivity for the Internet of Things Through LoRaWAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Vangelista ◽  
Marco Centenaro
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Cellular Network ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) paradigm is gradually gaining market acceptance. In particular, three prominent LPWAN technologies are emerging at the moment: LoRaWAN™ and SigFox™, which operate on unlicensed frequency bands, and NB-IoT, operating on licensed frequency bands. This paper deals with LoRaWAN™, and has the aim of describing a particularly interesting feature provided by the latest LoRaWAN™ specification—often neglected in the literature—i.e., the roaming capability between different operators of LoRaWAN™ networks, across the same country or even different countries. Recalling that LoRaWAN™ devices do not have a subscriber identification module (SIM) like cellular network terminals, at a first glance the implementation of roaming in LoRaWAN™ networks could seem intricate. The contribution of this paper consists in explaining the principles behind the implementation of a global LoRaWAN network, with particular focus on how to cope with the lack of the SIM in the architecture and how to realize roaming.

scholarly journals Smart Agriculture and Smart Farming using IoT Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2089 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
V Dankan Gowda ◽  
M Sandeep Prabhu ◽  
M Ramesha ◽  
Jayashree M Kudari ◽  
Ansuman Samal
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Treatment Optimization ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Remote Monitoring Systems ◽  
Future Technologies ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Abstract It has become easier to access agriculture data in recent years as a result of a decline in digital breaches between agricultural producers and IoT technologies. These future technologies can be used to boost productivity by cultivating food more sustainably while also preserving the environment, thanks to improved water use and input and treatment optimization. The Internet of Things (IoT) enables the production of agricultural process-supporting systems. Referred to as remote monitoring systems, decision support tools, automated irrigation systems, frost protection systems, and fertilisation systems, respectively. Farmers and researchers must be provided with a detailed understanding of IoT applications in agriculture as a result of the knowledge described above. This study is about using Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and techniques to enhance agriculture. This article is meant to serve as an introduction to IoT-based applications in agriculture by identifying need for such tools and explaining how they support agriculture.

Search and Rescue System Based on NB-IoT Wearable Device

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-222
Author(s):  
Christos J Bouras ◽  
Apostolos Gkamas ◽  
Spyridon Aniceto Katsampiris Salgado ◽  
Nikolaos Papachristos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Portable Device ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Rescue System ◽  
Getting Lost

This chapter presents the design and development of a search and rescue (SAR) system, for the location and provision of aid to people who are missing or in imminent danger, especially those belonging to population groups with a particularly high probability of getting lost. With the use of low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technology, such as narrow band internet of things (NB-IoΤ), the authors are able to provide search and rescue solutions for individuals, especially those belonging to groups of people who are more likely to get lost. The central part of the system is a modular “wearable (portable)” device, while in the framework of the implementation of this system, the authors have seriously taken into consideration the aspects of energy efficiency in order to provide better battery life.

A Survey on Attacks and Defences on LoRaWAN Gateways

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Olof Magnusson ◽  
Rikard Teodorsson ◽  
Joakim Wennerberg ◽  
Stig Arne Knoph
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Replay Attacks ◽  
Radio Signals ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Set Up

LoRaWAN (long-range wide-area network) is an emerging technology for the connection of internet of things (IoT) devices to the internet and can as such be an important part of decision support systems. In this technology, IoT devices are connected to the internet through gateways by using long-range radio signals. However, because LoRaWAN is an open network, anyone has the ability to connect an end device or set up a gateway. Thus, it is important that gateways are designed in such a way that their ability to be used maliciously is limited. This chapter covers relevant attacks against gateways and potential countermeasures against them. A number of different attacks were found in literature, including radio jamming, eavesdropping, replay attacks, and attacks against the implementation of what is called beacons in LoRaWAN. Countermeasures against these attacks are discussed, and a suggestion to improve the security of LoRaWAN is also included.

Smart Farming Using Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
pp. 236-250
Author(s):  
Rishabh Verma ◽  
Latika Kharb
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Water System ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
System Framework ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
The World ◽  
Crop Types ◽  
Smart Agriculture

Smart farming through IoT technology could empower farmers to upgrade profitability going from the amount of manure to be used to the quantity of water for irrigating their fields and also help them to decrease waste. Through IoT, sensors could be used for assisting farmers in the harvest field to check for light, moistness, temperature, soil dampness, etc., and robotizing the water system framework. Moreover, the farmers can screen the field conditions from anyplace and overcome the burden and fatigue to visit farms to confront problems in the fields. For example, farmers are confronting inconvenience while utilizing right quantity and time to use manures and pesticides in their fields as per the crop types. In this chapter, the authors have introduced a model where farmers can classify damaged crops and healthy crops with the help of different sensors and deep learning models. (i.e., The idea of implementing IoT concepts for the benefit of farmers and moving the world towards smart agriculture is presented.)

scholarly journals Study of Data Transfer in a Heterogeneous LoRa-Satellite Network for the Internet of Remote Things

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 3384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Lysogor ◽  
Leonid Voskov ◽  
Alexey Rolich ◽  
Sergey Efremov
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Satellite Network ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Data Encoding ◽  
Experimental Stand

In the absence of traditional communication infrastructures, the choice of available technologies for building data collection and control systems in remote areas is very limited. This paper reviews and analyzes protocols and technologies for transferring Internet of Things (IoT) data and presents an architecture for a hybrid IoT-satellite network, which includes a long range (LoRa) low power wide area network (LPWAN) terrestrial network for data collection and an Iridium satellite system for backhaul connectivity. Simulation modelling, together with a specialized experimental stand, allowed us to study the applicability of different methods of information presentation for the case of transmitting IoT data over low-speed satellite communication channels. We proposed a data encoding and packaging scheme called GDEP (Gateway Data Encoding and Packaging). It is based on the combination of data format conversion at the connection points of a heterogeneous network and message packaging. GDEP enabled the reduction of the number of utilized Short Burst Data (SBD) containers and the overall transmitted data size by almost five times.

scholarly journals RF-MEMS Monolithic K and Ka Band Multi-State Phase Shifters as Building Blocks for 5G and Internet of Things (IoT) Applications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Iannacci ◽  
Giuseppe Resta ◽  
Alvise Bagolini ◽  
Flavio Giacomozzi ◽  
Elena Bochkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Rf Mems ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Mems Technology

RF-MEMS, i.e., Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) for Radio Frequency (RF) passive components, exhibit interesting characteristics for the upcoming 5G and Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios, in which reconfigurable broadband and frequency-agile devices, like high-order switching units, tunable filters, multi-state attenuators, and phase shifters will be necessary to enable mm-Wave services, small cells, and advanced beamforming. In particular, satellite communication systems providing high-speed Internet connectivity utilize the K and Ka bands, which offer larger bandwidth compared to lower frequencies. This paper focuses on two design concepts of multi-state phase shifter designed and manufactured in RF-MEMS technology. The networks feature 4 switchable stages (16 states) and are developed for the K and Ka bands. The proposed phase shifters are realized in a surface micromachining RF-MEMS technology and the experimentally measured parameters are compared with Finite Element Method (FEM) multi-physical electromechanical and RF simulations. The simulated phase shifts at both the operating bands fit well the measured value, despite the measured losses (S21) are larger than 5–7 dB if compared to simulations. However, such a non-ideality has a technological motivation that is explained in the paper and that will be fixed in the manufacturing of future devices.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document