scholarly journals Impact of Demographic Structure on Economic Development of Ukrainian Coastal Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1798
Author(s):  
Patrik Rovný ◽  
Serhiy Moroz ◽  
Jozef Palkovič ◽  
Elena Horská
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Economic State ◽  
Demographic Shifts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conflict Period

The main aim of our paper is to study peculiarities of two periods, i.e., the pre-conflict period (2004–2013) and conflict period (2014–2018), in the context of the impact of the demographic structure of the population on the economic growth and development of coastal regions of Ukraine. In the first step of the analysis, we investigate the relationship between the demographic shifts and selected economic indicators, using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. In the next step of the analysis, we focus on the quantification of the impact of demographic indicators on the economic variables, based on the panel model with fixed effects. The received results confirm that the influence of the demographic stricture on the economic state of coastal regions changed significantly in the conflict period in comparison with the pre-conflict period, especially concerning income, unemployment, and the openness of the economy. Additionally, our findings show that while economic differences existed between the Azov Sea regions and the Black Sea regions in the pre-conflict period, they disappeared due to the economic deterioration of the Azov Sea regions during the conflict period. It is concluded that war affects adversely the population’s demographic structure, which inhibits the growth and economic development of Ukrainian coastal regions.

scholarly journals CAN TURKISH AND US CO-OPERATION IN THE BLACK SEA REGION INCREASE EFFICIENCY GAINS?

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
Sedat AYBAR
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Efficiency Gains ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This paper examines the impact of co-operation between Turkey and  the US upon Turkish trade and investments towards the Black Sea  region. The study is particularly important in the conjuncture of the  US withdrawal from the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) and in the wake of signing a free  trade agreement with the EU. An additional matter of importance  relates to the improved Turkey – Russia economic collaboration especially after the “jet” incident and American  involvement with the Middle East. Significant part of the latter is  economic as the US has also explicit economic interests in the  Eastern Meditteranean. A gravity model has been employed using  ordinary least squares on a panel data with fixed effects to analyse aggregate trade. We have also categorized export groups of  Turkey and the US separately. Our findings for both Turkish and the US exports indicate that per-capita GDP of Black Sea countries are  highly persistent and positively correlated with increased efficiency  gains and trade volumes. Regression results show that the US  exports to the EU member countries are on average less than to  those non-EU member Black Sea countries. Hence, we question  whether a possible co-operation between the US and Turkish  companies can help gaining better access to the Black Sea market for their exports.

scholarly journals The impact of remittances on household savings in the Baltics

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-345
Author(s):  
Andrej Přívara ◽  
Karol Trnovský
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Household Savings ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Private Savings ◽  
The Impact

Proper understanding and monitoring of household savings are crucial to effective macroeconomic policies targeted at balanced and sustainable economic growth. Remittances, as a financial flow of foreign capital, can create a vital part of private savings. This paper is aimed at identifying whether remittances contribute to household savings in the Baltics along with other macroeconomic variables in a post-crisis period, during which the relative smoothing and convergence of economic development of the Baltic countries after the sharp financial distress in 2009 can be observed. The following methods of panel data regression analysis were employed: fixed effects and OLS. The results of the econometric analysis based on both fixed effects and OLS methods reveal that remittances are an essential driver of savings in the Baltics in the long run. Savings in the Baltics are not significantly influenced in the short term by sharp economic fluctuations, but are dependent on demographic factors and foreign capital, which can bring instability in economic development and financial flows of the region. AcknowledgmentThis research was funded by Vega research project no. 1/0037/20: “New challenges and solutions for employment growth in changing socio-economic conditions”, and VEGA research project no. 1/0287/19 “Integration of immigrants in EU countries from the point of view of migration policies”.

scholarly journals On the issue of the impact of adverse and dangerous natural processes on the use of coastal recreational areas of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 946 (1) ◽  
pp. 012037
Author(s):  
A Yu Sanin ◽  
V Kulakovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recreational Use ◽  
Existing Structure

Abstract Adverse and dangerous natural processes are a deterrent factor in the economic, in particular, recreational use of the coastal territories of Russia. They significantly reduce their tourist potential. At the same time, a decrease in the recreational value of territories is one of the consequences of human impact on the natural landscapes of the coastal zone. It seems important to consider the impact of adverse and dangerous natural processes specifically for coastal recreational areas due to their exceptional importance for domestic tourism. It, in turn, plays a huge role both for the economy of Russia and certain regions of our country, and for Russians themselves: tourists and local residents. As a result of the research, for each of the seaside recreational areas available in Russia, the study revealed the most characteristic adverse and dangerous natural processes. Some of them are more or less manifested everywhere, for example, abrasion processes or storms. Others, in particular, seismic threat, are characteristic only for certain coastal territories. Measures to counteract dangerous natural processes are also somewhat similar for all the regions considered. However, when developing measures to counteract adverse and dangerous natural processes, the peculiarities of coastal regions should also be taken into account. Such features include climatic and relief characteristics, the landscapes of the region, the existing structure of human activity and the intensity of economic development of the region, the types of tourism that are characteristic of it, and the level of popularity of the region among recreants, as well as its recreational potential.

What precipitates growth in CO2 emissions?

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abimelech Paye Gbatu ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Presley K. Wesseh ◽  
Vamuyan A. Sesay
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Real Output ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The degradation of the natural habitat at the expense of economic development is a harmful growth that warrants environmental policy actions. For instance, the economic impacts of environmental pollution are quite visible in developed and developing economies, where human health is compromised by rapid economic growth and energy induced pollution. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of CO2 emissions on economic development. Design/methodology/approach This paper investigates the correlation between pollutant emissions and key economic variables within the economic community of West African states (ECOWAS) region by applying fixed effects model to unbalanced time-series panel data for the period 1980-2014. This paper examines the full ECOWAS panel and sub-panels with export-and-import-dependent countries. Findings The authors argue that energy consumption (EC) and real output exert causal influences on CO2 emissions for the full ECOWAS panel and the sub-panels with export-and-import-dependent countries. Practical implications The results imply that increase in EC is the main factor that promotes economic growth in the region. Additionally, growth in EC and real output stimulates CO2 emissions growth. Originality/value Therefore, it is argued that technological innovations that increase energy efficiency through new carbon-free technologies that minimize CO2 emissions growth without impairing economic growth and development must be introduced in the region.

scholarly journals Institutions, credit markets and development in Sub-Saharan Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyasha Mahonye ◽  
Kwaramba Marko ◽  
Coulibaly Amina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

This paper reviews the evidence on the impact of institutions and credit market on development outcomes. The study uses panel data techniques and the data is from 1995 to 2013. The results shows that the better the institutions, the higher the credit extension to the private sector and higher the level of economic development. This applies also to credit market. If credit market functions well, development is bound to increase. This has important implications for policy in Africa. Governments should aim to improve their institutions to increase the economic development of their countries. Also, improvement in markets, especially, credit access will increase development. Keywords: institutions, credit market, fixed effects, development and Africa. JEL Classification: E5, C23, O16, G1, G21

scholarly journals The Impact of Scientific Activity of Universities on Economic and Innovative Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
Dmitrii S. Tereshchenko ◽  
Vasilii S. Shcherbakov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
National Level ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Regional Universities ◽  
The Impact

Universities play a crucial role in local economies, providing educational services and participating in research and development. This is particularly important for Russia where regions are highly differentiated in terms of both socio-economic development and technological progress and innovations. However, many regional universities in Russia have traditionally focused primarily on teaching, with less emphasis on research activities. In this paper, we aim to deepen the understanding of the impact of scientific activities of universities on regional economic and innovative development. For this purpose, we estimate different specifications of a fixed-effects model using panel data from Russian regions for 2010–2016. We aggregate the number of universities’ publications per researcher at the sub-national level to incorporate regional scientific activity in our model. Considering other important socio-economic characteristics of regions, we revealed that the association between the publication activity of universities and innovative development of the region remains significant, while the relationship between economic development of the region and the scientific activity of universities disappeared completely. A number of robustness checks demonstrated that statistically significant results remain only when the relative number of publications indexed in international citation databases (Scopus and Web of Science) is used as an explanatory variable. Simultaneously, the publications indexed in specific Russian lists and databases as well as publications in regional scientific organisations that are not universities do not contribute to innovative development of the region. The results can be used for planning the funding of research activities in universities and setting performance targets for universities.

Can policy makers count with positive impact of entrepreneurship on economic development of the Czech regions?

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Dvouletý
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of the present study is to empirically investigate the impact of the newly established entrepreneurial activity on economic development of the Czech NUTS 3 regions during the period of years 2003-2015. Design/methodology/approach An econometric approach was used to validate the stated hypotheses assuming a positive relationship between the new entrepreneurial activity and regional economic growth and a negative relationship between the new entrepreneurial activity and unemployment rate. For the methods, regression models with fixed effects were estimated on the panel that included 13 Czech regions, covering the period of years 2003-2015. The new entrepreneurial activity was classified into two forms – rate of newly established self-employed set-ups per capita and rate of newly established business companies and partnership set-ups per capita. Findings Different impacts of newly established business companies and the self-employed were found on real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Only the higher rates of newly established business companies and partnership were associated with higher levels of GDP per capita in the Czech regions, and no impact was found for the rate of new self-employed set-ups. Nevertheless, both forms of newly established entrepreneurial activity were associated with lower unemployment rates in the Czech regions; however, the impact of newly established business companies was significantly higher. The obtained results have several policy implications, which are discussed in the present paper. Practical implications Support of entrepreneurship in the Czech regions may improve the situation on the local labour markets and may deliver new job opportunities through the newly established enterprises. The Czech entrepreneurship policies focused on the growth of GDP and economic boom should be oriented more on the support of high-growth enterprises (unicorns). Originality/value The empirical analysis was conducted on the basis of the research gap in the studies related to the impact of the newly established entrepreneurial activity on the economic development of the Czech regions. Obtained results have several policy implications, which are discussed in the present paper.

scholarly journals Econometric Analysis of the Impact of Financial Structure on Innovation Based on the Fixed Effects Panel Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Cheng-Ben Wang ◽  
Zhigang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Financial Structure ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Independent Innovation ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
International Dollar ◽  
Innovation Approach ◽  
The Impact

This study addresses the impact of financial structure on innovation. The mechanism of the impact of financial structure on innovation at different levels of economic development is elucidated from the perspective of optimal financial structure decision theory and development economics, and empirical evidence is provided using manufacturing data from 59 countries or regions for the period 1996–2015. The study finds that financial structure has no significant effect on innovation at lower levels of economic development, but at higher levels of economic development, market-based financial structure significantly promotes innovation in the industry. The role of financial structure in innovation shifts in the interval where per capita income is greater than 9747 International dollar (hereinafter called I$9747) and less than I$17070. This paper verifies that the innovation approach of technological imitation requires the support of a bank-based financial structure, while the innovation approach of independent innovation requires the support of a market-based financial structure. The differences in innovation approaches at different stages of economic development lead to the evolution of the inherent demand for financial structures in the economy. Promoting the evolution of financial structures according to the stage of economic development is of great significance in building an innovative country and leading the sustainable and healthy development of the economy.

scholarly journals The Impact of Public Health Expenditure on Health Outcomes in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2993
Author(s):  
Besuthu Hlafa ◽  
Kin Sibanda ◽  
Dumisani MacDonald Hompashe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
The Impact

Health holds an important position in maintaining economic development since it is both a prerequisite for and an outcome of economic development. This means that health contributes greatly to the attainment of sustainable development and health outcomes. The importance of health is demonstrated in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) where three of the eight goals are aimed at improving health outcomes. Despite progress made by other middle-income countries in achieving health-related MDGs, South Africa is still worse off in respect of health outcomes and experiences a challenge in attaining positive outcomes for these goals. This study’s main focus was to identify the association between public health expenditure and health outcomes in South Africa’s nine provinces from 2002 to 2016. The study implemented fixed effects and a random effects panel data estimation technique to control for time effects and individual provincial heterogeneity. This was followed by employing the Hausman specification test to identify the fixed effects model as the appropriate estimator for the study. The study also employed the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model and the least squares dummy variable (LSDV) model to examine the impact of public health expenditure on each province separately. The findings elucidated that the relationship between public health expenditure and health outcomes in South Africa varied across provinces depending on provincial management and infrastructure availability.

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