scholarly journals What Brings Female Professionals to Entrepreneurship? Exploring the Antecedents of Women’s Professional Entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1765
Author(s):  
So Young Choi ◽  
Sang-Joon Kim
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Law Firms ◽  
Pull Factor ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Female Lawyers ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Female Professionals ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Push Factor ◽  
The U.S

This study explores how female professionals engage in starting their own businesses, known as professional entrepreneurship. In particular, this study specifies what factors foster the likelihood of self-employment of female professionals. Drawing upon the push and pull theories of entrepreneurship, we argue that individual capabilities (as a pull factor) make the self-employment of female professionals less likely, while discrimination experiences (as a push factor) make the self-employment of female professionals more likely. Given such bifurcated effects of these factors, we examine the combinatory effects of individual capabilities and discrimination experiences (which are specified as attribute-based and family-based discrimination experiences) on the rate of self-employment of female professionals. With a sample of 1356 female lawyers in the U.S., we test our hypotheses predicting the rate of self-employment with respect to prior salary and discrimination experiences. Our results reveal that prior salary (a pull factor) motivates female lawyers to stay at the traditional law firms, whereas attribute-based discrimination experiences (a push factor) motivate them to open their own office. Furthermore, we find that such a push effect is pronounced only among the female lawyers with lower salaries. Then, the empirical findings are discussed to elaborate the process of female professionals’ entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals PERSEPSI ANTARA TENAGA KERJA PENDATANG LAKI-LAKI DAN PEREMPUAN TERHADAP PUSH AND PULL FACTORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-161
Author(s):  
Septiani Riwanti ◽  
Dwi Kartikasari
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Pull Factor ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Job Opportunity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Push Factor

This research is aimed to know the difference of perception between National Migrant Workers of Men And Women Against Push And Pull Factors. The variable of push factors used in this research is that of job field, low wage, seeking capital and necessity of life. And pull factors are job opportunities, high wages, distance and culture. Then the data is processed using SPSS 20 software with parametric metode that is independent sample t test. The result of the research revealed that there is no difference of perception between men and women on the job field (push factor), there is no difference of perception between men and women to low wages (push factor), there is no difference of perception between men and women against looking for capital (push factor), there are differences of perceptions between men and women on the necessity of life (push factor), there are differences of perceptions between man and woman to job opportunity (pull factor), there are differences of perceptions between men (pull factor), there are differences in perceptions between men and women on the distance factor (pull factor) and there are differences in perceptions between men and women to the pull factor

scholarly journals PENGARUH PUSH DAN PULL FACTOR TERHADAP KUNJUNGAN WISATAWAN BACKPACKER KE BUKITTINGGI

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Heru Aulia Azman
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Pull Factor ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Push Factor

<p><em>This study aims to determine the effect of The</em><em> Push and Pull Factors on Backpacker tourist’s decision to visit Bukittinggi. The object of this research is Backpacker tourists who visit Bukittinggi consist with samples of 100 peoples. The data used in this study including primary and secondary data. Primary data comes from the opinions of each respondent through the questionnaire to find out the response of the research sample regarding the influence of Push and Pull factors on the Backpacker tourists decision. While secondary data comes from previous journals, books, internet media, and annual reports, the primary data obtained then analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results of the study indicate that push and pull factors have a significant effect on Backpacker tourists visits to Bukittinggi.</em></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh <em>Push factor</em> dan <em>pull factor</em> terhadap keputusan berkunjung turis <em>Backpacker</em> ke Bukittinggi. Yang menjadi objek penelitian ini adalah wisatawan <em>Backpacker</em> yang melakukan kunjungan ke Bukittinggi. Adapun jumlah sampel penelitian adalah 100 orang. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data primer dan data sekunder.  Data primer bersumber dari pendapat masing-masing sampel penelitian dengan menggunakan angket atau penyebaran kuesioner, untuk mengetahui respon sampel penelitian mengenai pengaruh <em>Push factor</em> dan <em>Pull factor</em> terhadap keputusan berkunjung wisatawan <em>Backpacker</em>. Sedangkan data sekunder bersumber dari jurnal-jurnal sebelumnya, buku, media internet, <em>annual report</em> . Data primer yang didapat kemudian dianalisa dengan cara melakukan pengujian dengan teknik analisa regresi linear berganda . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa <em>push</em> dan <em>pull factor</em> berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kunjungan wisatawan <em>Backpacker</em> ke Bukittinggi.</p>

scholarly journals PENGARUH PUSH AND PULL MOTIVATIONS WISATAWAN TERHADAP GASTRO TOURISM di SUMATERA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Sandy Pratama Arman
Keyword(s):  
Pull Factors ◽  
Pull Factor ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Culinary Tourism ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Food Tourism ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Push Factor

ABSTRACK Gastro-tourism adalah perjalanan rekreasi yang dilakukan semata-mata atau terutama untuk merasakan makanan di suatu wilayah. Gastro-tourism juga disebut sebagai wisata makanan (food tourism)  atau wisata kuliner (culinary tourism) sebagai tujuan utama dari kegiatan wisata. Negara dengan budaya kuliner dan keanekaragamannya memanfaatkan hal tersebut  untuk memotivasi wisatawan demi meningkatkan kunjungan wisatawan. Motivasi wisatawan dipengaruhi oleh faktor pendorong (push factor) dan faktor penarik (pull factor). Faktor pendorong adalah faktor-faktor yang berasal dari dalam diri wisatawan itu sendiri. Sedangkan, faktor penarik adalah faktor-faktor yang berasal dari luar diri wisatawan, biasanya berupa keadaan dari destinasi yang akan dikunjungi. Setiap wisatawan memiliki faktor yang mempengaruhi motivasi yang berbeda dalam melakukan kegiatan wisata. Perbedaan jenis wisata yang dilakukan membuat berbeda pula faktor yang mempengaruhi motivasinya. Salah satunya, wisata kuliner. Sumatera Barat memliki daerah-daerah tujuan wisata kuliner yang potensial. Jenis penelitian adalah explanatory. Metode penelitian menggunakan kuesioner pada 195 wisatawan domestik yang berkunjung ke Sumatera Barat. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah Purposive  Sampling berdasarkan kriteria tertentu. Penelitian ini mengukapkan bahwa variabel push motivations ( novelty, sosial) dan pulll motivations ( produk, layanan utama dan layanan pendukung ) secara keseluruhan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap push and pull motivations wisata kuliner di Sumatera Barat. Pada variabel push motivations dimensi sosial. Tidak memberikan pengaruh secara signifikan yang menjadi push motivation wisatawan ke Sumatera Barat. Hal  ini mengindikasikan bahwa dimensi sosial bukan menjadi push motivations wisatawan untuk mengunjungi Sumatera Barat. Banyak faktor lain yang yang tidak di teliti dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi push motivations wisatawan berkunjung ke Sumatera Barat. Kata kunci: Motivasi, push and pull factors dan wisata kuliner 

INHERITANCE, CHINESE FAMILY BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN HONG KONG

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 287-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTOR ZHENG
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Family Business ◽  
The Self ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Initial Capital ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Sibling Comparison ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Based

This paper focuses on the study of inheritance, Chinese family business and economic development in Hong Kong. In this study, it is found that equal inheritance can assist economic development by generating competition and capital. Equal division is a criterion for sibling comparison. Comparison generates stress and anxiety with each son trying to outdo the other. Competition is therefore galvanized. Furthermore, initial capital that is released from partition can motivate sons, who want to be free from subjugation, to start their own business. This is the origin of the self-employment mentality. Both competition and capital are crucial factors for economic development to take place. The strong desire of self-employment mentality also drives Chinese family business to develop its own type of structure: jia-zu ji-tuan [family-based consortium]. Different family members can be diversified into different businesses or professions. These businesses or professions may or may not relate to each other. However, they maintain a certain level of interconnection under the banner of the family [jia-zu] and can support each other during time of crises and difficulties. They can maintain their domination in the community from generation to generation.

scholarly journals The Analysis of The Push Pull Motivation Factor and The Expectation of International Tourist in Ramayana Ballet Prambanan Yogyakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Momentya Irsha
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Pull Factor ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Central Java ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Expectation Theory ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Push Factor ◽  
Special Region

Cultural attraction in a country or region is an attraction that is demanded by international tourist, because tourists obviously want to know the culture of that country, such as by watch the dance. Ramayana Ballet Prambanan is a dance presents Javanese culture, both Central Java and Yogyakarta Special Region. This performance tells about Ramayana that is illustrated on the relief of Prambanan Temple. This study analyzes the push and pull factors of motivation, and expectation. Respondents of this study is international tourists. The writer adapted the push and pull factor developed by Crompton (1979), and suited by the condition of Ramayana Ballet Prambanan. The method used by the writer is interview with 65 respondents. While, expectation theory is adapted from Oliver (1980) through questionnaire method with 100 respondents. Furthermore, for the analytical purpose of this research, the data is analyzed by using SPSS 20 with descriptive analysis. The result showed that the push factor motivation of international tourist is new experience, and the pull factor is the attractiveness of Javanese culture. In addition, the biggest expectation of international tourist is cleanliness.

scholarly journals Push And Pull Factor dalam Proses Habitat Selection Akibat Keberadaan Kegiatan Pendidikan Tinggi di Kawasan Perumahan Siwalankerto, Kota Surabaya, Jawa Timur (Habitat Selection Process Due to Exixtence of Higher Education Activities Siwalankerto Housing Area, Surabaya City, East Java)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Anindita Ramadhani ◽  
Annisa B. Tribhuwaneswari
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Pull Factor ◽  
Housing Area ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Push Factor

<span>Kehadiran sebuah perguruan tinggi di sebuah kawasan mempunyai pengaruh yang cukup berarti <span>terhadap perkembangan sebuah kota, baik secara fisik maupun non fisik. Kawasan Siwalankerto adalah <span>kawasan yang terdampak oleh keberadaan Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya. Komunitas pendatang <span>(mahasiswa dan pegawai) yang masuk menyebabkan perubahan terhadap kecenderungan penggunaan <span>lahan dari perumahan ke perdagangan dan jasa dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan mahasiswa.<br /><span>Berdasarkan data profil kependudukan Kelurahan Siwalankerto, terjadi penurunan jumlah penduduk dari <span>tahun 2010-2014 dan peningkatan tingkat migrasi keluar sebesar 4,7%. Hal ini mengindikasikan terjadinya<br /><span>proses <span><em>habitat selection </em><span>yang berpengaruh pada <span><em>push and pull factor </em><span>yang menyebabkan masuk dan <span>keluarnya komunitas pada kawasan, salah satunya pada Perumahan Siwalankerto Permai. Pergeseran <span>komunitas dari penghuni tetap menjadi komunitas penghuni musiman bertentangan dengan prinsip<br /><span>komunitas berkelanjutan dalam SDGs. Maka, diperlukan pemahaman terkait <span><em>push and pull factor </em><span>apakah <span>yang menyebabkan terjadinya perpindahan komunitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi <span><em>push</em><br /><span><em>and pull factor </em><span>dalam proses <span><em>habitat selection </em><span>akibat keberadaan perguruan tinggi. Metode penelitian <span>yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan teknik analisis <span><em>character appraisal </em><span>dalam menilai dan <span>mengelompokkan lingkungan perumahan serta metode wawancara dan pengamatan untuk<br /><span>menngidentifkasikan faktornya. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah teridentifikasinya <span><em>Push and pull factor </em><span>pada <span>kawasan studi. <span><em>Push factor </em><span>yang diidentifikasi adalah faktor lokasi dan ekonomi, sedangkan <span><em>pull factor</em><br /><span>yang diidentifikasi adalah faktor lokasi, ekonomi, sarana dan prasarana, dan sosial.<br /><span><em><strong>Kata Kunci</strong> : habitat selection, komunitas, kawasan perumahan, push factor, pull factor</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

TAX FOR THE SELF-EMPLOYED: PROS AND CONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Hasanova ◽  
R.R. Hatueva ◽  
A.L. Arsaev
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Crisis Conditions ◽  
Part Time Work

This article discusses the pros and cons of applying professional income tax. Professional income tax is not mandatory, but an alternative way to pay 2 taxes on self-employment or part-time work. The introduction of this tax can mediate an increase in revenues to the state budget, which is of particular importance for the country in post-crisis conditions.

Exploring Chinese Students’ Push and Pull Motivations in Influencing Life Satisfaction and General Well-being in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
Cheng-Yi Kuo ◽  
Jehn-Yih Wong
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chinese Student ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Mental Wellness ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Push Factor ◽  
Practical Implications

Objective - General well-being (GWB) is important for students’ mental wellness. This paper explores the motivations of Chinese students who study in Thailand and applies the push and pull model to explain how motivations influence life satisfaction (LS) and GWB. Methodology/Technique – 398 convenience samples from Dhurakij Pundit University were analysed. Finding - The results show that ‘personal growth’ is the most important push factor for motivation, whereas ‘the convenience to go to other cities’ is the most important pull factor for motivation. Moreover, overseas study motivations positively influence LS and GWB. Novelty - The theoretical and practical implications and study limitations are also discussed herein. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: Push and Pull Theory; Life Satisfaction; General Well-being; Chinese Student; Thailand. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Yi, C; Kuo; Yih, J; Wong. 2019. Exploring Chinese Students’ Push and Pull Motivations in Influencing Life Satisfaction and General Well-being in Thailand, Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review 7 (3): 178 – 184. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2019.7.3(2) JEL Classification: M10, M14, M19.

scholarly journals Are the Self-Employed Mentally Healthier Than Salaried Workers? Evidence From Korea, Mexico, and the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Hankyung Jun
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Salaried Workers ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Self-employed workers are often reported to have better health than salaried workers. Whether this is because self-employment has health benefits or healthier workers are self-employed is not clear. Self-employed workers may have higher job satisfaction due to higher levels of self-efficacy and autonomy, but may also experience higher job stress, uncertainty, and lack of health insurance leading to mental health problems. Self-employed workers in the U.S. may have different characteristics than those in Mexico and Korea given different working and living environments as well as different institutional arrangements. This study will examine the association between self-employment and mental and cognitive health for older adults in the U.S., Mexico, and South Korea. It uses harmonized panel data from the Health and Retirement Study, the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, and the Mexican Health and Aging Study. We compare the health and selection effect of self-employment using a pooled logistic model, fixed-effects model, and a bivariate probit model. In addition to comparing self-employed and salaried workers, we analyze differences between self-employed with and without employees. By using rich data and various models, we address reverse causality and estimate the relationship between self-employment and health. We show that the positive health effects of self-employed workers in the U.S. disappear once controlled for unobserved heterogeneity, indicating the possibility of healthier workers selecting into self-employment. Interestingly, for Korea and Mexico, healthier individuals seem to select into wage work which reflects the difference in working conditions across countries. Further analysis will show effects by business size.

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