scholarly journals Adaptive-Hybrid Harmony Search Algorithm for Multi-Constrained Optimum Eco-Design of Reinforced Concrete Retaining Walls

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1639
Author(s):  
Melda Yücel ◽  
Aylin Ece Kayabekir ◽  
Gebrail Bekdaş ◽  
Sinan Melih Nigdeli ◽  
Sanghun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Harmony Search ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Flower Pollination Algorithm ◽  
Local Optimum ◽  
Population Number

In the optimum design of reinforced concrete (RC) structural members, the robustness of the employed method is important as well as solving the optimization problem. In some cases where the algorithm parameters are defined as non-effective values, local-optimum solutions may prevail over the existing global optimum results. Any metaheuristic algorithm can be effective to solve the optimization problem but must give the same results for several runs. Due to the randomization nature of these algorithms, the performance may vary with respect to time. The essential and novel work done in this study is the comparative investigation of 10 different metaheuristic algorithms and two modifications of harmony search (HS) algorithm on the optimum cost design of RC retaining walls constrained with geotechnical and structural state limits. The employed algorithms include classical ones (genetic algorithm (GA), differential evaluation (DE), and particle swarm optimization (PSO)), proved ones on structural engineering applications (harmony search, artificial bee colony, firefly algorithm), and recent algorithms (teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO), flower pollination algorithm (FPA), grey wolf optimization, Jaya algorithm (JA)). The modifications of HS include adaptive HS (AHS) concerning the automatic change of algorithm parameters and hybridization of AHS with JA that is developed for the investigated problem. According to the numerical investigations, recent algorithms such as TLBO, FPA, and JA are generally the best at finding the optimum values with less deviation than the others. The adaptive-hybrid HS proposed in this study is also competitive with these algorithms, while it can reach the best solution by using a lower population number which can lead to timesaving in the optimization process. By the minimization of material used in construction via best optimization, sustainable structures that support multiple types of constraints are provided.

scholarly journals Eco-Friendly Design of Reinforced Concrete Retaining Walls: Multi-objective Optimization with Harmony Search Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylin Ece Kayabekir ◽  
Zülal Akbay Arama ◽  
Gebrail Bekdaş ◽  
Sinan Melih Nigdeli ◽  
Zong Woo Geem
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Harmony Search ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Flower Pollination Algorithm ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
The Cost

In this study, considering the eco-friendly design necessities of reinforced concrete structures, the acquirement of minimizing both the cost and the CO2 emission of the reinforced concrete retaining walls in conjunction with ensuring stability conditions has been investigated using harmony search algorithm. Optimization analyses were conducted with the use of two different objective functions to discover the contribution rate of variants to the cost and CO2 emission individually. Besides this, the integrated relationship of cost and CO2 emission was also identified by multi-objective analysis in order to identify an eco-friendly and cost-effective design. The height of the stem and the width of the foundation were treated as design variables. Several optimization cases were fictionalized in relation with the change of the depth of excavation, the amount of the surcharge applied at the top of the wall system at the backfill side, the unit weight of the backfill soil, the costs, and CO2 emission amounts of both the concrete and the reinforcement bars. Consequently, the results of the optimization analyses were arranged to discover the possibility of supplying an eco-friendly design of retaining walls with the minimization of both cost and gas emission depending upon the comparison of outcomes of the identified objective functions. The proposed approach is effective to find both economic and ecological results according to hand calculations and flower pollination algorithm.

Optimum Design of Reinforced Concrete Retaining Walls

2018 ◽  
pp. 360-378
Author(s):  
Rasim Temür ◽  
Gebrail Bekdaş
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Optimum Design ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Harmony Search ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Slab Thickness ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Cantilever Retaining Walls

Methodologies based on metaheuristic algorithms such as particle swarm optimization, harmony search algorithm, and teaching-learning-based optimization are proposed for optimum design of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls. The objective function of optimization is to find a design providing minimum cost, including material and construction costs. For this purpose, the best combination of 11 design variables (heel and toe projections, stem thickness at the top and bottom of a wall, slab thickness and rebar diameters, and spacing between the bars) that satisfy 29 design constraints including stability (overturning, sliding, and bearing) and reinforced concrete design of the wall are searched during the optimization process. The rules of ACI 318 14 (building code requirements for structural concrete) are used for the reinforced concrete design. In order to determine the strengths and weaknesses of algorithms, several different cases are investigated. As conclusions, some suggestions have been obtained that will lead to future work in this field.

scholarly journals The Usage of the Harmony Search Algorithm for the Optimal Design Problem of Reinforced Concrete Retaining Walls

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Zülal Akbay Arama ◽  
Aylin Ece Kayabekir ◽  
Gebrail Bekdaş ◽  
Sanghun Kim ◽  
Zong Woo Geem
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Harmony Search ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Foundation Soil

In this paper, the Harmony Search (HS) algorithm is utilized to perform single and multivariate parametric studies to acquire the optimization of both size and cost of reinforced concrete (RC) retaining walls embedded in pure frictional soils. The geotechnical properties of the backfill and foundation soil such as shear strength angle, unit weight, and the ultimate bearing pressure of the soil have been used to create different cases for evaluating the effects of site properties on the size and cost of the wall. The change of depth of excavation and surcharge loading condition is fictionalized for generating different environmental conditions for all envisaged soil profiles to predict possible rates of influences. The unit cost of the concrete has also been evaluated as a variant to show the economic constraints on the selection of structural materials. The results of the analyses represent the integrated influences of different significant parameters on the achievement of minimum cost-dimension optimization. Besides, a well-known commercial geotechnical engineering software is used to compare the appropriateness of the suggested designs in terms of both the attainment of geotechnical stability and the structural requirements. Consequently, this study can guide both researchers and designers to select the proper and optimal sections of RC-retaining wall systems with simultaneous analyses of parameters that are influenced by the design process. Furthermore, the optimization results indicate that a significant cost reduction may be achieved when compared with the traditional pre-design method.

scholarly journals Optimal Design of Cantilever Soldier Pile Retaining Walls Embedded in Frictional Soils with Harmony Search Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebrail Bekdaş ◽  
Zülal Akbay Arama ◽  
Aylin Ece Kayabekir ◽  
Zong Woo Geem
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Harmony Search ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Harmony Search Algorithm ◽  
External Loading ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Embedment Depth ◽  
Soldier Pile ◽  
Frictional Soils

In this paper, the design of cantilever soldier pile retaining walls embedded in frictional soils is investigated within the insight of an optimization algorithm to acquire cost and dimension equilibrium by ensuring both geotechnical and structural requirements simultaneously. Multivariate parametric analyses with different fictionalized cases are performed to evaluate the effects of design variants and to compare the effectiveness of the preference of optimization solutions rather than detailed advanced modeling software. The harmony search algorithm is used to conduct parametrical analyses to take into consideration the effects of the change of excavation depth, shear strength angle, and unit weight of soil, external loading condition, and coefficient of soil reaction. The embedment depth and diameter of the soldier pile are searched as design dimensions, and the total cost of a cantilever soldier pile wall is calculated as an objective function. The design dimension results of the parametric optimization analysis are used to perform finite element analysis with a well-known commercial geotechnical analysis software. The results of optimization and finite element solutions are compared with the use of maximum bending moment, factor of safety, and pivot point location values. As the consequence of the study, the influence rates of design variants are procured, and the effectiveness of the usage of optimization algorithms for both cost and dimensional equilibrium is presented.

Two Meta-Heuristics for Solving Unconstrained Optimization Problems and Machinery Problems

2014 ◽  
Vol 1044-1045 ◽  
pp. 1418-1423
Author(s):  
Pasura Aungkulanon
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Heuristic Algorithms ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Harmony Search ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Finite Sequence ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Machining Optimization

Machining optimization problem aims to optimize machinery conditions which are important for economic settings. The effective methods for solving these problems using a finite sequence of instructions can be categorized into two groups; exact optimization algorithm and meta-heuristic algorithms. A well-known meta-heuristic approach called Harmony Search Algorithm was used to compare with Particle Swarm Optimization. We implemented and analysed algorithms using unconstrained problems under different conditions included single, multi-peak, curved ridge optimization, and machinery optimization problem. The computational outputs demonstrated the proposed Particle Swarm Optimization resulted in the better outcomes in term of mean and variance of process yields.

scholarly journals Novel Global Harmony Search Algorithm for Least Absolute Deviation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longquan Yong
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Convergence Property ◽  
Harmony Search ◽  
Harmony Search Algorithm ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Least Absolute Deviation ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Good Convergence ◽  
Nonsmooth Optimization Problem

The method of least absolute deviation (LAD) finds applications in many areas, due to its robustness compared to the least squares regression (LSR) method. LAD is robust in that it is resistant to outliers in the data. This may be helpful in studies where outliers may be ignored. Since LAD is nonsmooth optimization problem, this paper proposed a metaheuristics algorithm named novel global harmony search (NGHS) for solving. Numerical results show that the NGHS method has good convergence property and effective in solving LAD.

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