scholarly journals Evaluating the Feasibility of Water Sharing as a Drought Risk Management Tool for Irrigated Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1456
Author(s):  
Rishma Chengot ◽  
Jerry W. Knox ◽  
Ian P. Holman
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Spare Capacity ◽  
Water Sharing ◽  
Water Trading ◽  
Irrigation Intensity ◽  
Potential Benefits

Droughts can exert significant pressure on regional water resources resulting in abstraction constraints for irrigated agriculture with consequences for productivity and revenue. While water trading can support more efficient water allocation, high transactional costs and delays in approvals often restrict its wider uptake among users. Collaborative water sharing is an alternative approach to formal water trading that has received much less regulatory and industry attention. This study assessed how the potential benefits of water sharing to reduce water resources risks in agriculture are affected by both drought severity and the spatial scale of water-sharing agreements. The research focused on an intensively farmed lowland catchment in Eastern England, a known hot-spot for irrigation intensity and recurrent abstraction pressures. The benefits of water sharing were modelled at four spatial scales: (i) individual licence (with no water sharing), (ii) tributary water sharing among small farmer groups (iii) sub-catchment and (iv) catchment scale. The benefits of water sharing were evaluated based on the modelled reductions in the probability of an irrigation deficit occurring (reducing drought risks) and reduced licensed ‘headroom’ (spare capacity redeployed for more equitable allocation). The potential benefits of water sharing were found to increase with scale, but its impact was limited at high levels of drought severity due to regulatory drought management controls. The broader implications for water sharing to mitigate drought impacts, the barriers to wider uptake and the environmental consequences are discussed.

Climate Change Beliefs And Vulnerability Among Farmers In The Upper Corn Belt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mae A Davenport ◽  
Amelia Kreiter ◽  
Kate A. Brauman ◽  
Bonnie Keeler ◽  
J. Arbuckle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Vulnerability

Abstract Anticipatory water management must reflect not only future climatic conditions, but also the social and psychological dimensions of vulnerability that drive adaptation. Compared to the western U.S., farmers in the upper Corn Belt have had less exposure to extreme drought and have lower rates of irrigation adoption. If climate change threatens to increase drought frequency or severity in the Corn Belt, transitioning from rain-fed agriculture to irrigated agriculture would require systemic changes and significant financial investments. Knowing what drives perceptions and feelings of drought vulnerability will improve understanding and anticipation of farmer adaptation behaviors such as irrigation. We surveyed central Minnesota agricultural producers about their perceptions of water scarcity in two groundwater management areas where climate models show heightened variability in water supply during the growing season. We examined the influence of farmer beliefs about climate change, drought risk, farm sensitivity to drought, and adaptation capacity. We presented farmers with scenarios of drought severity derived from downscaled climate projections and asked farmers about their likelihood of adopting irrigation technologies or expanding irrigation extent. Findings indicate that many farmers feel vulnerable to climate and drought-related impacts, in part because they believe water scarcity is an imminent problem. Farmers believe humans are at least partially responsible for climate change, near-term droughts are likely, and their farms are particularly sensitive to drought stress.

scholarly journals Evaluation of regional droughts using monthly gridded precipitation for Korea

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1036-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Zakir Hossein ◽  
Han Man Shin ◽  
Choi Gyewoon
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Gridded Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Available Water

This paper attempts to characterize regional drought using 0.5 degree reanalyzed GPCC (Global Precipitation Climatology Center) gauge-based gridded monthly precipitation data sets in Korea. Drought is a function of precipitation and long-term observed precipitation was performed to enhance this characterization. There are limited long-term records from each station, therefore, a global gridded data set has been employed. Before using this data, 10 corresponding grids with KMA (Korea Meteorology Administration) stations were validated through cross-correlations (0.93–0.99). The impacts of drought are dependent on its duration, severity and spatial extent. Drought occurs when a below average water availability persists and becomes regionally extensive. In this study, 66 GPCC gridded precipitations were employed to estimate the effective drought index along with the available water resource index. The results of the 10 KMA corresponding stations were as accurate as those of the global data. Consequently, gridded data are suitable for a monthly drought severity investigation. In addition, spatial distribution of drought and available water resources were exposed by kriging interpolation technique over Korea. Through this study, drought risk city Taebaek in Kangwon province was classified by its 2009 intensity of monthly precipitations, droughts and available water resources.

scholarly journals The water crisis and its implications in Brazilian agribusiness: A bibliographic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
O. S. Fagundes ◽  
L. C. A. Oliveira ◽  
O. M. Yamashita ◽  
I. V. Silva ◽  
M. A. C. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Environmental Good

Water scarcity has become one of the main global problems, since of all the water of the terrestrial surface, only 2.5% represents fresh water, and of this, only 0.3% corresponds to the water of the rivers and lakes that are available to supply the demand for food production and other uses. The present work consisted in surveying the scenario related to the global water crisis and presenting evidence that even Brazil being abundant in the amount of water available, tends to face serious problems because of its scarcity, affecting two of the main economic pillars, agribusiness and industry. It was observed that the main negative effects on water resources occur due to urban occupation and agricultural practices in a disorderly way, causing destruction of natural resources through the discharge of domestic sewage, industrial effluents and agrochemicals. In general, the lack of control of the use of the water directed to the productive processes is one of the major generators of the water shortage, since 69% of the water derived from rivers, lakes and aquifers underground is turned to irrigated agriculture, using 70 times more water than for domestic purposes. Thus, it is necessary to adopt policies aimed at the conservation and efficient use of water resources, to value water as a social, social and environmental good, since their scarcity can generate instability in economic sectors such as agriculture, generating production insecurity in industry, as well as affecting the supply of drinking water, basic sanitation and public health.

scholarly journals GIS and Remote Sensing Application in Water Management in Agriculture Field

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sassi Mohamed Taher
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Practical Applications

This document is meant to demonstrate the potential uses of remote sensing in managing water resources for irrigated agriculture and to create awareness among potential users. Researchers in various international programs have studied the potential use of remotely sensed data to obtain accurate information on land surface processes and conditions. These studies have demonstrated that quantitative assessment of the soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer processes can lead to a better understanding of the relationships between crop growth and water management. Remote sensing and GIS was used to map the agriculture area and for detect the change. This was very useful for mapping availability and need of water resources but the problem was concentrating in data collection and analysis because this kind of information and expertise are not available in all country in the world mainly in the developing and under developed country or third world country. However, even though considerable progress has been made over the past 20 years in research applications, remotely sensed data remain underutilized by practicing water resource managers. This paper seeks to bridge the gap between researchers and practitioners first, by illustrating where research tools and techniques have practical applications and, second, by identifying real problems that remote sensing could solve. An important challenge in the field of water resources is to utilize the timely, objective and accurate information provided by remote sensing.

scholarly journals CENÁRIO DA ÁREA IRRIGADA POR PIVÔ CENTRAL NO TRIANGULO MINEIRO, NO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Soares Ferreira ◽  
Wilian Rodrigues Ribeiro ◽  
Morgana Scaramussa Gonçalves ◽  
Andre Alves Pinheiro ◽  
Ramon Amaro Sales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
System Water

A agricultura irrigada no Brasil cresceu mais de 40% nos últimos 20 anos, representando uma área de 4,4 milhões de ha, com a região Sudeste representando 47% deste total. O método de irrigação por pivô é o que mais cresce, com os estados de Minas Gerais, Goiás, Bahia e São Paulo concentrando cerca de 80% da área ocupada pela tecnologia. Neste cenário, a atualização das informações torna-se fundamentais pois criarão bases de conhecimento que irão ajudar estabelecer diretrizes para adoção e planejamento de políticas públicas que venham a contribuir para o uso estratégico dos recursos hídricos. Foi realizado fotointerpretação na escala de 1:1000, em imagens satélite da plataforma Google EarthTM Pro, para identificação do equipamento e obtenção de sua área de ocupação. Com os dados coletados realizou-se análises em função dos municípios, microrregiões e bacias hidrográficas. Atualmente, estima-se uma área irrigada de 134.741,11 hectares e 2.301 pivôs centrais. Os municípios de Rio Paranaíba (302), Perdizes (164), Santa Juliana (135), Uberaba (120) e Patos de Minas (111) destacam-se em maior número de equipamentos. A Microrregião de Araxá abrange a maior concentração de pivôs, 694, com 40.728,94 hectares irrigados. Na Bacia do Rio Paranaíba concentra-se 85,75% dos pivôs.Palavras-chave: sensoriamento remoto, sistema de irrigação, recursos hídricos. SCENARIO OF THE AREA IRRIGATED BY CENTRAL PIVOT IN THE TRIÂNGULOMINEIRO, IN THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL ABSTRACT: Irrigated agriculture in Brazil has grown over 40% in the last 20 years, representing an area of 4.4 million ha, with the Southeast region representing 47% of this total. The pivot irrigation method is the fastest growing, with the states of Minas Gerais, Goiás, Bahia and São Paulo concentrating around 80% of the area occupied by technology. In this scenario, updating the information becomes fundamental because it will create knowledge bases that will help establish guidelines for the adoption and planning of public policies that will contribute to the strategic use of water resources. It was realized photointerpretation in scale of 1: 1000, in satellite images of the platform Google EarthTM Pro, for identification of the equipment and obtaining of its area of occupation. With the data collected, analyzes were performed according to the municipalities, microregions and river basins. Currently, an irrigated area of 134,741.11 hectares and 2,301 central pivots is estimated. The municipalities of Rio Paranaíba (302), Perdizes (164), Santa Juliana (135), Uberaba (120) and Patos de Minas (111) stand out in more equipment. The Araxá Microregion encompasses the highest concentration of pivots, 694, with 40,728.94 irrigated hectares. In the Paranaíba River Basin, 85.75% of the pivots are concentrated.Keywords: remote sensing, irrigation system, water resources.

Flash Drought Characteristics by Different Severities in Humid Subtropical Basins: A Case Study in the Gan River Basin, China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Yuqing Zhang ◽  
Qinglong You ◽  
Guangxiong Mao ◽  
Changchun Chen ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Drought Intensity

AbstractIt is essential to assess flash drought risk based on a reliable flash drought intensity (severity) index incorporating comprehensive information of the rapid decline (“flash”) in soil moisture towards drought conditions and soil moisture thresholds belonging to the “drought” category. In this study, we used the Gan River Basin as an example to define a flash drought intensity index that can be calculated for individual time steps (pentads) during a flash drought period over a given grid (or station). The severity of a complete flash drought event is the sum of the intensity values during the flash drought. We explored the spatial and temporal characteristics of flash droughts with different grades based on their respective severities. The results show that decreases in total cloud cover, precipitation, and relative humidity, as well as increases in 500 hPa geopotential height, convective inhibition, temperature, vapour pressure deficit, and wind speed can create favorable conditions for the occurrence of flash droughts. Although flash droughts are relatively frequent in the central and southern parts of the basin, the severity is relatively high in the northern part of the basin due to longer duration. Flash drought severity shows a slightly downward trend due to decreases in frequency, duration, and intensity from 1961 to 2018. Extreme and exceptional flash droughts decrease significantly while moderate and severe flash droughts trend slightly upward. Flash drought severity appears to be more affected by the interaction between duration and intensity as the grade increases from mild to severe. The frequency and duration of flash droughts are higher in July to October. The southern part of the basin is more prone to moderate and severe flash droughts, while the northern parts of the basin are more vulnerable to extreme and exceptional flash droughts due to longer durations and greater severities than other parts. Moderate, severe, extreme, and exceptional flash droughts occurred approximately every 3-6, 5-15, 10-50, and 30-200 year intervals, respectively, based on the copula analysis.

scholarly journals Challenges for the Integration of Water Resource and Drought-Risk Management in Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Vargas ◽  
Pilar Paneque
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Management ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Increased Risk

Droughts are risks characterized by their complexity, uncertainty, and a series of other features, which differentiate them from other natural disasters and affect the strategies designed to manage them. These characteristics highlight the close relationship between drought management and water resources management. The following hypothesis is raised in this study—unsatisfactory integration of a drought-risk and water resources management strategies, increases the vulnerability to drought. To corroborate this hypothesis, the Spanish case was analyzed, where droughts are a recurrent phenomenon, due to the Mediterranean climate. Starting from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) framework, which has been proposed to characterize vulnerability as a function of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, this study analyzed the vulnerability in the Spanish River Basin Districts, through—(i) the integration of the predictable effects of climate change and the increased risk of exposure in hydrologic planning; (ii) the pressure on water resources that determines the sensitivity of the systems; and (iii) the development and implementation of drought management plans as a fundamental tool, in order to adapt before these events occur. The results showed that despite important advances in the process of conceiving and managing droughts, in Spain, there are still important gaps for an adequate integration of droughts risk into the water resource strategies. Therefore, despite the improvements, drought-risk vulnerability of the systems remained high.

scholarly journals Influence of Internal Variability and Global Warming on Multidecadal Changes in Regional Drought Severity over the Continental United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tushar Apurv ◽  
Ximing Cai ◽  
Xing Yuan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Internal Variability ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Meteorological droughts in the continental United States (CONUS) are known to oscillate at the multidecadal time scale in response to the sea surface temperatures (SST) variability over the Pacific Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean. While previous studies have focused on understanding the influence of SST oscillations on drought frequency over the CONUS, this information has not been integrated with global warming for future drought risk assessment at the decadal scale. In this study, we use the support vector machines (SVMs) to handle correlation between input variables for quantifying the influence of internal variability [Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO)] and global warming on the decadal changes in the severity of seasonal droughts over the CONUS during 1901–2015. The regional drivers of drought severity identified using SVMs are used for the assessment of decadal drought risk in the near future. We find internal variability as the dominant driver of decadal changes in drought severity in the southern and central Great Plains and global warming as the dominant driver for the southeastern and southwestern United States. In the southern Plains, the existing pattern of increasing drought severity is likely to persist in the near future if AMO and PDO remain in their positive and negative phases, respectively, while global warming is likely to contribute to increasing drought severity in the Southeast and Southwest. This study suggests an emerging role of global warming in drought risk over the southern states, where near-term climate change adaptation is necessary.

scholarly journals Attribution Analysis of Hydrological Drought Risk Under Climate Change and Human Activities: A Case Study on Kuye River Basin in China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang ◽  
Wang ◽  
Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Duration ◽  
Recurrence Period ◽  
The Impact

This study conducted quantitative diagnosis on the impact of climate change and human activities on drought risk. Taking the Kuye river basin (KRB) in China as the research area, we used variation point diagnosis, simulation of precipitation and runoff, drought risk assessment, and attribution quantification. The results show that: (1) the annual runoff sequence of KRB changed significantly after 1979, which was consistent with the introduction of large-scale coal mining; (2) under the same drought recurrence period, the drought duration and severity in the human activity stage were significantly worse than in the natural and simulation stages, indicating that human activities changed the drought risk in this area; and (3) human activities had little impact on drought severity in the short duration and low recurrence period, but had a greater impact in the long duration and high recurrence period. These results provide scientific guidance for the management, prevention, and resistance of drought; and guarantee sustainable economic and social development in the KRB.

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