scholarly journals Ecological Engineering and Restoration of Eroded Muddy Coasts in South East Asia: Knowledge Gaps and Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1248
Author(s):  
Huynh Van Tien ◽  
Nguyen Tuan Anh ◽  
Nguyen Tan Phong ◽  
Mai Le Minh Nhut
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Engineering ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Intervention Models ◽  
Passive Restoration ◽  
Sea Mud ◽  
The One ◽  
Restoration Model

Ecological engineering (EE) was employed for developing strategies for stabilizing eroded muddy coasts (EMCs). However, there was a limited analysis of these EE strategies with respect to design, performance, and lessons learned. This study employed a critical review for addressing the limitations. There were four EE models designed with different restoration interventions for stabilizing EMCs. The models using active interventions have not been cost-effective in controlling erosion because the interventions failed to achieve their goals or were costly and unnecessary. Of the two passive intervention models, the one with structures constructed from onshore proved to be more cost-effective in terms of construction costs, the survival rate of transplanted seedlings, and levels of sea mud accumulation. Interventions with adequate consideration of the muddy coastal ecological processes and the ecological reasoning for the positioning of these interventions play a crucial role in stabilizing EMCs. A passive restoration model using gradually expanded interventions should be promoted in order to ensure sustainable management of EMCs in the future.

LEARNING TO ROLL WITH THE ONE-TWO PUNCH OF FIRE AND DEBRIS FLOW: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE JANUARY 2018 DEBRIS-FLOW DISASTER IN MONTECITO, CA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason W. Kean ◽  
◽  
Dennis M. Staley ◽  
Jeremy T. Lancaster ◽  
Francis K. Rengers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The One ◽  
Debris Flow Disaster

scholarly journals Food Security, Environmental Health, and the Economy in Mexico: Lessons Learned with the COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7470
Author(s):  
Rebeca Monroy-Torres ◽  
Ángela Castillo-Chávez ◽  
Erika Carcaño-Valencia ◽  
Marco Hernández-Luna ◽  
Alex Caldera-Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Mesh Terms

The COVID-19 pandemic showed an impact mainly on the health of people and the economy of households. The levels of food security in the world’s households, especially in Mexico, have decreased. When people do not have food security, their health is compromised and they have financial problems; on the other hand, environmental deterioration has a link with food security. The purpose of this review is to analysis of the current situation in Mexico of food security, environmental health and economy, the main lessons learned in these areas and their proposals integrating public policies. A review was carried out in the main databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, CAB Abstracts y PAIS Index) with the following keywords and according to the MeSH terms: Food security, food insecurity, environmental health, public policies, environmental, production, integrating the word COVID-19 in English and Spanish. Only 44.5% of Mexican households presented food security. For food insecurity, 22.6% had moderate and severe food insecurity, while 32.9% had mild insecurity. Food insecurity and the health impacts of environmental origin (waste management during the coronavirus pandemic, water contaminated by bacteria, viruses, and toxins; air pollution) generates impacts on economic activity by not offering food that meets health regulations. Without the application of cost-effective measures and interventions for the prevention and control of patients with obesity, the direct costs for 2023 will amount to 9 million dollars, which worsens the household economy. Despite having laws and policies on the right to food, a healthy environment (water), and opportunities for economic growth, these human rights are not fulfilled. The conclusion is that it is necessary to use a health and agroecological model to promote public policies (health, environment, and economy) that aims to prevent the discussed issues, with multidisciplinary and intersectoral interventions (government, academia, researchers, civil society organizations, industry, and population). This upholds the human right that all people should enjoy an adequate, healthy environment and have access to high-quality food.

scholarly journals Sprouting of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench): Effect of Drying Treatment on Protein and Starch Features

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Marchini ◽  
Alessandra Marti ◽  
Claudia Folli ◽  
Barbara Prandi ◽  
Tommaso Ganino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
Drying Treatment ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
The One ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

The nutritional and physicochemical properties of sorghum proteins and starch make the use of this cereal for food production challenging. Sprouting is a cost-effective technology to improve the nutritional and functional profile of grains. Two drying treatments were used after sorghum sprouting to investigate whether the drying phase could improve the protein and starch functionalities. Results showed that the drying treatment at lower temperature/longer time (40 °C for 12 h) extended the enzymatic activity that started during sprouting compared to the one performed at higher temperature/shorter time (50 °C for 6 h). An increased protein hydrolysis and water- and oil-holding capacity were found in the flour obtained by the former treatment. Higher protein matrix hydrolysis caused high exposure of starch to enzymes, thus increasing its digestibility, while worsening the technological functionality. Overall, modulating drying conditions could represent a further way, in addition to sprouting, to improve sorghum flour’s nutritional profile.

Chemical Deliquification of Unconventional Gas Wells

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.. Francis-LaCroix ◽  
D.. Seetaram
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Large Deviation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Current Production

Abstract Trinidad and Tobago offshore platforms have been producing oil and natural gas for over a century. Current production of over 1500 Bcf of natural gas per year (Administration, 2013) is due to extensive reserves in oil and gas. More than eighteen of these wells are high-producing wells, producing in excess of 150 MMcf per day. Due to their large production rates, these wells utilize unconventionally large tubulars 5- and 7-in. Furthermore, as is inherent with producing gas, there are many challenges with the production. One major challenge occurs when wells become liquid loaded. As gas wells age, they produce more liquids, namely brine and condensate. Depending on flow conditions, the produced liquids can accumulate and induce a hydrostatic head pressure that is too high to be overcome by the flowing gas rates. Applying surfactants that generate foam can facilitate the unloading of these wells and restore gas production. Although the foaming process is very cost effective, its application to high-producing gas wells in Trinidad has always been problematic for the following reasons: Some of these producers are horizontal wells, or wells with large deviation angles.They were completed without pre-installed capillary strings.They are completed with large tubing diameters (5.75 in., 7 in.). Recognizing that the above three factors posed challenges to successful foam applications, major emphasis and research was directed toward this endeavor to realize the buried revenue, i.e., the recovery of the well's potential to produce natural gas. This research can also lead to the application of learnings from the first success to develop treatment for additional wells, which translates to a revenue boost to the client and the Trinidad economy. Successful treatments can also be used as correlations to establish an industry best practice for the treatment of similarly completed wells. This paper will highlight the successes realized from the treatment of three wells. It will also highlight the anomalies encountered during the treatment process, as well as the lessons learned from this treatment.

Innovative Washpipe Free Circulating ICD Delivers Reduced Well Construction Costs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihua Wang ◽  
Daniel Newton ◽  
Aqib Qureshi ◽  
Yoshito Uchiyama ◽  
Georgina Corona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Aqueous Fluid ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Inflow Control Device ◽  
Testing Field

Abstract This Extended Reach Drilling (ERD) field re-development of a giant offshore field in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) requires in most cases extremely long laterals to reach the defined reservoir targets. However, certain areas of the field show permeability and / or pressure variations along the horizontal laterals. This heterogeneity requires an inflow control device (ICD) lower completion liner to deliver the required well performance that will adequately produce and sweep the reservoir. The ICD lower completion along with the extremely long laterals means significant time is spent switching the well from reservoir drilling fluid (RDF) non-aqueous fluid (NAF) to an aqueous completion brine. To reduce the amount of rig time spent on the displacement portion of the completion phase, an innovative technology was developed to enable the ICDs to be run in hole in a closed position and enable circulating through the end of the liner. The technology uses a dissolvable material, which is installed in the ICD to temporarily plug it. The dissolvable material is inert to the RDF NAF while the ICDs are run into hole, and then dissolves in brine after the well is displaced from RDF NAF to completion brine, changing the ICDs from closed to an open position. The ability to circulate through the end of the liner, with the support of the plugged ICDs, when the lower completion is deployed and at total depth (TD), enables switching the well from RDF NAF drilling fluid to an aqueous completion brine without the associated rig time of the original displacement method. The technique eliminates the use of a dedicated inner displacement string and allows for the displacement to be performed with the liner running string, saving 4-5 days per well. An added bonus is that the unique design allowed for this feature to be retrofitted to existing standard ICDs providing improved inventory control. In this paper the authors will demonstrate the technology and system developed to perform this operation, as well as the qualification testing, field installations, and lessons learned that were required to take this solution from concept to successful performance improvement initiative.

Enhancing the application potential of dissipative controlled rocking connections through detailing and design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon McHaffie ◽  
Peter Routledge ◽  
Alessandro Palermo
Keyword(s):  
Linear Time ◽  
Time History ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Real Structure ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Alternative Design ◽  
Design Philosophy ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
The University

<p>Research on low-damage systems has been significant in the past decade. These systems combine post- tensioning, which provides self-centring; and typically use replaceable devices, which give energy dissipation. WSP has used recent research, carried out at the University of Canterbury, on low-damage bridge piers and applied this into a real structure – the Wigram-Magdala Link Bridge. This is believed to be the first bridge in New Zealand and possibly worldwide to adopt such a system. Given this was the first application of the system to a real structure, there were some valuable learnings during design and construction. Firstly, the application of axial dissipaters has some limitations due to available material sizes, construction difficulty and aesthetics. Secondly, there is still some additional cost and complexity associated with using the low-damage system. Given these difficulties, this paper presents an alternative design philosophy which better captures the benefits of the low-damage system, which include cost-effective repair method, controlled damage and additional robustness and resilience. The alternative design philosophy presented is expected to result in reduced construction costs by reducing pier and foundation demands. Peak displacements and forces will be compared to the results from non-linear time history analysis to verify the performance of the low-damage connection using scaled ground motions. Furthermore, the paper will present the possible application of an alternative dissipation device, the lead extrusion damper, which can further improve the performance of low-damage connections.</p>

scholarly journals A RECONNAISSANCE-SCALE GIS-BASED MULTICRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS TO SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE BIOCHAR USE: POLAND AS A CASE STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka E LATAWIEC ◽  
Lewis PEAKE ◽  
Helen BAXTER ◽  
Gerard CORNELISSEN ◽  
Katarzyna GROTKIEWICZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Indirect Land Use Change ◽  
Biomass Availability ◽  
Change Mitigation

Although increasing numbers of research papers regarding biochar are being published worldwide, in some countries growing interest in biochar has only recently been observed; this is true of Poland. We analysed information on biochar research in Poland alongside lessons learned elsewhere in order to identify the significant opportunities and risks associated with biochar use. This data fed into a GIS-based multicriteria analysis to identify areas where biochar application could deliver greatest benefit. We found that 21.8% of agricultural land in Poland has at least moderate indication for biochar use (soil organic matter below 2% and ph below 5.5), while 1.5% was categorized as a priority as it also exhibited contamination. Potential barriers identified included biomass availability and associated risks of indirect land-use change due to possible national and transnational biomass production displacement. Biochar use could have positive global consequences as a climate change mitigation strategy, particularly relevant in a country with limited alternatives. Scaling up a mitigation technology that is viable on account of its co-benefits might be cost-effective, which could, in turn, adjust national perspectives and stronger involvement in developing mitigation policies at the regional level. Biochar has much promise in temperate conditions and further research should therefore be assigned to explore biochar’s environmental and socio-economic impacts.

scholarly journals Simple and Visible Detection of Novel Astroviruses Causing Fatal Gout in Goslings Using One-Step Reverse Transcription Polymerase Spiral Reaction Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ji ◽  
Qinxi Chen ◽  
Zhengli Yu ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Xinhao Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Isothermal Method ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
One Step ◽  
The One

In this study, a one-step isothermal method combining polymerase spiral reaction (PSR) with reverse transcription (RT-PSR) was established for rapid and specific detection of novel astroviruses causing fatal gout in goslings (N-GoAstV). The one-step RT-PSR was accomplished at the optimal temperature of 62°C and time of 40 min and used primers simply designed as conventional PCR primers, and the results of detection were visible to the naked eye. The detection limit of PSR was above 34.7 copies/μL at a 95% probability level according to probit regression analysis. The assay specifically detected N-GoAstV, and no other reference viruses were detected. These results suggest that the newly established RT-PSR assay could, in one step, accomplish reverse-transcription, amplification, and result determination providing a visible, convenient, rapid, and cost-effective test that can be carried out onsite, in order to ensure timely quarantine of N-GoAstV-infected birds, leading to effective disease control.

scholarly journals A Framework for Designing and Evaluating Internet Interventions to Improve Tinnitus Care

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-160
Author(s):  
Eldré W. Beukes ◽  
Gerhard Andersson ◽  
Vinaya Manchaiah ◽  
Peter M. Allen ◽  
David M. Baguley
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Service Delivery Models ◽  
Internet Interventions ◽  
Intervention Models ◽  
Related Symptom ◽  
Delivery Models ◽  
Internet Based Intervention

Tinnitus can be a debilitating hearing-related symptom. Access to evidence-based tinnitus interventions remain limited. Tele-audiology can assist by providing a clinically and cost-effective tinnitus management route. This chapter highlights how this is made possible by focusing on one form of tele-audiology, namely an internet-based intervention. Guidelines are provided for the development of such interventions. A framework outlining the various processes involved in evaluating newly developed interventions is also provided. The chapter closes by discussing factors that may facilitate or hamper the dissemination of new interventions into existing service delivery models. This well-defined outline for intervention development and evaluation can be applied and used to guide innovative intervention models by stakeholders.

scholarly journals The Optimization of Building Deconstruction for Department of Defense Facilities: Ft. McClellan Deconstruction Project

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Guy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Total Labor

Deconstruction is the selective dismantling of building structures to recover the maximum amount of primarily reusable and secondarily recyclable materials in a safe and cost-effective manner. Deconstruction is a labor intensive process and can be difficult to achieve in a time-efficient and economical manner for light wood-framed buildings. Deconstruction techniques that balance hand and mechanical labor must be developed to maintain the integrity of materials for reuse and obtain maximum salvage value per unit of cost and time-on-site. This project entailed the removal of three identical WWII-era two-story wood-framed barracks buildings at Ft. McClellan Army Base, Anniston, AL, using hand deconstruction, combined mechanical and hand deconstruction techniques, and a traditional demolition method, i.e., mechanical reduction and disposal, in order to determine “optimal” deconstruction techniques based on salvage value per unit of cost. The maximum practical materials salvage from the study buildings using 100% hand deconstruction techniques was 39% of the mass by weight. A combination of hand and mechanical techniques was discovered to have approximately the same economic efficiency as 100% hand deconstruction, measured as a ratio of gross cost per salvage value, with a 44.6% reduction in total labor-hours, and a reduction of only 7% of salvage materials by weight. These findings indicate the potential for greatly increasing wood-framed building deconstruction practice relative to the additional time-on-site and labor that is required, compared to demolition, while optimizing economic benefits. This paper describes the research methods and deconstruction techniques employed, and lessons learned to advance the practice of deconstruction to be more economically competitive and time-efficient.

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