scholarly journals Thermal and Seismic Capacity Improvements for Masonry Building Heritage: A Unified Retrofitting System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1111
Author(s):  
Fabio Longo ◽  
Alessio Cascardi ◽  
Paola Lassandro ◽  
Maria Antonietta Aiello
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Seismic Resistance ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Thermal Transmittance ◽  
Grid Reinforcement ◽  
Unique Application

Today, the attention in the retrofitting of building is quickly growing. In this field, the re-use of waste materials and the innovation in the retrofitting techniques are among the crucial topics. Generally, thermal capacity and seismic resistance are two aspects very felt by the building owners. Commonly, independent approaches are assessed in order to cover the energy and mechanical lacks of a building. In such a way, the intervention may result time- and cost-consuming or, sometimes, poorly effective. The present paper aimed to propose and validate a new retrofitting system based on the partial use of waste materials, such as fly ash and expanded glass (acting as a matrix), and a fiber open grid reinforcement. The proposal is suitable for the plastering of building with the double scope of thermal insulation and seismic strengthening throughout a unique application. An experimental investigation was carried out considering small-scaled masonry panels with double-side retrofitting. The studied parameters were thermal transmittance and shear strength. The results evidenced the effectiveness of the proposed technique, able to significantly improve the un-retrofitted masonry, from both the thermal and mechanical point of view.

Combinatorial Optimization of Clustering Decisions: An Application to Refine Psychiatric Diagnoses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Stevens ◽  
Douglas Steinley ◽  
Cassandra L. Boness ◽  
Timothy J Trull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combinatorial Optimization ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Diagnosis Group ◽  
Clustering Problems ◽  
Unique Application

Using complete enumeration (e.g., generating all possible subsets of item combinations) to evaluate clustering problems has the benefit of locating globally optimal solutions automatically without the concern of sampling variability. The proposed method is meant to combine clustering variables in such a way as to create groups that are maximally different on a theoretically sound derivation variable(s). After the population of all unique sets is permuted, optimization on some predefined, user-specific function can occur. We apply this technique to optimizing the diagnosis of Alcohol Use Disorder. This is a unique application, from a clustering point of view, in that the decision rule for clustering observations into the diagnosis group relies on both the set of items being considered and a predefined threshold on the number of items required to be endorsed for the diagnosis to occur. In optimizing diagnostic rules, criteria set sizes can be reduced without a loss of significant information when compared to current and proposed, alternative, diagnostic schemes.

scholarly journals The Recovery of the Historic Centres in the Metropolitan Area of Reggio Calabria through the Use of Bergamot

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 514-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Campolo
Keyword(s):  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Inadequate Care ◽  
Innovative Techniques ◽  
Soil Consumption

The abuse of land is devastating our country: environmental disasters (landslides, floods, mudslides, etc.) are becoming more frequent because of the abandonment of agricultural lands and an inadequate care of the land, particularly in the inland areas. But Calabria, and the province of Reggio Calabria, in particular, has agricultural vocations that makes it unique in the Italian panorama and there could be development opportunities for the region, not only in the agriculture sector but also in the recovery of the historic centers with an innovative use of waste materials coming from the production of bergamot, or citrus, for the restoration of historic buildings and vernacular architecture. From a metropolitan city point of view, we must put an end to the soil consumption in favor of the recovery and the enhancement of endogenous resources, utilizing innovative techniques and innovative methods we can diversify the use of existing resources to make them more productive.

Experimental Investigation on Droplet Behavior in a Transonic Compressor Cascade

2014 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Neupert ◽  
Birger Ober ◽  
Franz Joos
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Flow Channel ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Compressor Cascade ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Transonic Compressor ◽  
Droplet Behavior ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines

In recent years, overspray fogging has become a powerful means for power augmentation of industrial gas turbines (GT). Most of the studies concerning this topic focus on the problem from a thermodynamic point of view. Only a few studies, however, were undertaken to investigate the droplet behavior in the flow channel of a compressor. In this paper, results of experimental investigation of a water laden flow through a transonic compressor cascade are presented. A finely dispersed spray was used in the measurements (D10 < 10 μm). Results of the droplet behavior are shown in terms of shadowgraphy images and images of the blade surface film pattern. The angle of attack, the incoming velocity, and the water load were varied. The qualitative observations are related to laser Doppler and phase Doppler anemometer (LDA/PDA) data taken in the flow channel and at the outlet of the cascade. The data represent a base for numerical and mean line models of two-phase compressor flow.

scholarly journals Impact of Insulation Type and Thickness on the Dynamic Thermal Characteristics of an External Wall Structure

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihui Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Time Lag ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
External Wall ◽  
Thermal Transmittance ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Lead ◽  
Surface Factor

The dynamic thermal characteristics of external wall structures are directly related to indoor thermal comfort and energy savings in buildings; they are also complicated and worth investigating. Thermal insulation in external wall structures has become a popular topic of investigation in the domain of building energy efficiency. This study aims to find the impact of insulation type and thickness on the dynamic thermal characteristics of external wall structures using a homogeneous multi-layer building external wall structure and three types of insulation materials that are widely used in Japan. The impact of insulation type and thickness on seven thermal characteristics of external walls, including thermal transmittance, decrement factor or amplitude attenuation, time lag, thermal admittance, time lead for thermal admittance, surface factor, and thermal capacity, was evaluated by numerical methods in this study. It was shown that insulation type and thickness would have a significant effect on thermal transmittance, decrement factor and time lag, but yield no significant change in thermal admittance, time lead for thermal admittance, surface factor, and the thermal capacity of external wall structures.

scholarly journals II.—The Fundamental Problems of Petrogenesis, or the Origin of the Igneous Rocks

1911 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 248-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Lœwinson-Lessing
Keyword(s):  
Physical Chemistry ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Detailed Observation

The question of the origin of igneous rocks, their diversity and genetic relationships, represents that fundamental problem of petrography which has been for many years the object of inquiry for petrologists as well as for geologists and chemists. Whilst the amount and scope of detailed observation were growing, the methods of experimental investigation improved, and as the eruptive rocks came to be studied from the point of view of physical chemistry, so the petrogenetical horizon became larger and wider. Thus, on the basis of numerous minute and detailed observations were built broad generalizations that gave rise to new problems.

Implications of cumulated seismic damage on the seismic performance of unreinforced masonry buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaryllis Mouyiannou ◽  
Andrea Penna ◽  
Maria Rota ◽  
Francesco Graziotti ◽  
Guido Magenes
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamic ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Dynamic Analyses ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic Analyses

The seismic capacity of a structure is a function of the characteristics of the system as well as of its state, which is mainly affected by previous damage and deterioration. The cumulative damage from repeated shocks (for example during a seismic sequence or due to multiple events affecting an unrepaired building stock) affects the vulnerability of masonry buildings for subsequent events. This paper proposes an analytical methodology for the derivation of state-dependent fragility curves, taking into account cumulated seismic damage, whilst neglecting possible ageing effects. The methodology is based on nonlinear dynamic analyses of an equivalent single degree of freedom system, properly calibrated to reproduce the static and dynamic behaviour of the structure. An application of the proposed methodology to an unreinforced masonry case study building is also presented. The effect of cumulated damage on the seismic response of this prototype masonry building is further studied by means of nonlinear dynamic analyses with the accelerograms recorded during a real earthquake sequence that occurred in Canterbury (New Zealand) between 2010 and 2012.

Optimization of Ultra-Fine Limestone Filler on Cement Grain Composition

2013 ◽  
Vol 438-439 ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Wen Xu ◽  
Fei Guo ◽  
Qian Tian
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Particle Distribution ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cement Particle ◽  
Grain Composition ◽  
Replacement Ratio ◽  
Limestone Filler

An experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of limestone filler (LF) with equivalent replacement of cement on its grain composition. The results indicated that LF optimized cement particle distribution, filled the empty place among cement particles and released more free water when mixing. With the decrease of the LF particle size and the increase of LF replacement ratio of cement, these effects were more remarkable. As a result, the finer and the more replacement ratio of the microfiller, the lower the flow resistance and plastic viscosity of the mixture from a rheological point of view.

scholarly journals Photo-electrons and negative ions

1931 ◽  
Vol 134 (824) ◽  
pp. 427-444 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Electrons And Ions ◽  
Abnormal Increase ◽  
Normal Law

The normal law connecting the mobility ( k ) of a gas ion with the pressure ( p ) of the gas, is that the product pk is constant. More than 20 years ago Kovarik found that this product showed an abnormal increase in the case of the negative ions formed in air and carbon dioxide when the pressure was lowered below 20 cm. approximately; this result was interpreted as denoting a progressive diminution in the size and mass of the ion as the pressure is reduced. Some years later the author conducted an experimental investigation, from the results of which he concluded that at the lower pressures the carriers of negative electricity consist of two kinds, electrons and ions; the electrons come more and more into evidence as the pressure of the gas is reduced and travel freely under the influence of an applied field without becoming attached to molecules. From this point of view anomalous mobilities will be obtained at lower pressures unless the electrons are separated experimentally from the negative ions. The author found that, when this separation was effected, the mobility law, pk = const., remained valid down to the lowest pressure employed, viz., 0·15 mm.

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