scholarly journals Why I Would Want to Live in the Village If I Was Not Interested in Cultivating the Plot? A Study of Home Gardening in Rural Czechia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 706
Author(s):  
Jan Vávra ◽  
Zdeňka Smutná ◽  
Vladan Hruška
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Alternative Food Networks ◽  
Rural Identity ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Home Gardening ◽  
The Rich

Unsustainable food practices in the global North have brought a lot of attention to the concept of alternative food networks. However, prevailing research perspectives have focused on urban areas or market-related activities and tended to overlook the widespread yet neglected food growing in home gardens, especially in rural areas. This paper uses a mixed method approach to study home gardening in two villages in Czechia, focusing on the state of the art of gardening, its sustainability context, and the perception of gardening by the local citizens. We have found that the vast majority of households grow fruit and vegetables, while livestock is also present. Home grown food, which has a supplemental character, is mostly shared within networks of relatives. An understanding of food production as a part of rural identity and tradition is an important element of the perception of gardening. Our findings contribute to the rich debates about the sustainability of food systems. The paper is innovative because it steps outside of the typical poverty or food security discourse of rural informal food production, as well it reveals information on livestock breeding, discusses home gardening in the context of rural development and food policies, and emancipates the semi-peripheral locality as a regular source of new knowledge.

scholarly journals Migration and Rural Differentiation: Evidence from a Vietnamese Village

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Thi Minh Khue Nguyen ◽  
Thi Dien Nguyen ◽  
Thi Minh Hop Ho ◽  
Philippe Burny ◽  
Thomas Dogot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Circular Pattern ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Industrial Zones

This paper explores the links between migration and social differentiation in rural Vietnam after the reform period (2005–2015) through a case study of Maithon village, Chilang District, Bacninh Province. Since 2005, many villagers have left Maithon to work in cities, industrial zones or to find employment abroad. The migration process has transformed labour and income structures and supply in many households. However, 90 percent of Maithon households claimed on the positive contribution of remittance, while at the same time, they did not suffer from labour shortage due to the circular pattern of the migration. Therefore, rural out-migration is one of the diversification strategy which enables the villager to gain access to cash income in urban areas while still keep position in rural areas. It has resulted in the increase in the size of the middle class, rather than the generation of the gap between the rich and the poor. Through this process, migration becomes a developmental strategy, as a means for upward mobility rather than mechanism of social differentiation.

scholarly journals Impactos da Covid-19 na produção e comercialização de alimentos em Brasília-DF: desafios para os assentados/acampados da reforma agrária

GeoTextos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Luiza Barbosa Dias ◽  
Juscelino Eudâmidas Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Direct Sales ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Impact

<p>O setor agrícola foi severamente afetado pela pandemia de Covid-19, gerando incertezas sobre a produção e a distribuição de alimentos, o que afetou diretamente o trabalho de milhões de agricultores. Este artigo visa a analisar o impacto da pandemia na produção de alimentos em Brasília-DF, especialmente entre os agricultores assentados/acampados da reforma agrária. Para a análise, foram utilizados dados primários obtidos através de um questionário on-line destinado ao público da reforma agrária em áreas rurais das regiões administrativas da capital federal, além de dados secundários, disponibilizados por instituições públicas. Os resultados mostraram que o impacto da pandemia foi intenso entre os agricultores, deixando-os extremamente vulneráveis, principalmente nos meses iniciais da pandemia. Como forma de enfretamento dos efeitos da pandemia, os trabalhadores adotaram quatro medidas específicas: a utilização do serviço de entrega delivery; a venda de cestas agroecológicas; a participação em redes solidárias e a venda direta em feira de reforma agrária. Essas novas dinâmicas de comercialização têm transformado as formas de interação campo-cidade ao demandar estratégias diferenciadas para alcançar os consumidores finais, contribuindo para amenizar os efeitos disruptivos da pandemia nos sistemas alimentares locais.</p><p><span>Abstract</span></p><p>IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON FOOD PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIALIZATION IN BRASILIA-DF: CHALLENGES FOR AGRARIAN REFORM SETTLERS/CAMPED</p><p>The agricultural sector was severely affected by the pandemic of Covid-19, genera- ting uncertainties about food production and distribution, which directly affected the work of millions of farmers. This article aims to analyze the impact of the pandemic on food production in Brasília-DF, especially among farmers settled in agrarian reform settlements. The analysis used primary data obtained through an on-line questionnaire addressed to the public of agrarian reform in rural areas of the administrative regions of the federal capital, as well as secondary data made available by public institutions. The results showed that the impact of the pandemic was intense among farmers, leaving them extremely vulnerable, especially in the initial months of the pandemic. As a way of countering the effects of the pandemic, workers have adopted four specific measures: the use of delivery services; the salof agro-ecological baskets; participation in solidarity networks; and direct sales at agrarian reform fairs. These new commercialization dynamics have transformed the forms of countryside-city interaction by demanding different strategies to reach final consumers, contributing to mitigate the pandemic’s disruptive effects on local food systems.</p>

scholarly journals Living Arrangement of Elderly in Haryana: A Case Study of District Rohtak

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep ◽  
Lubna Siddiqui ◽  
Aruna Paarcha ◽  
Masood Ahsan Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich

In the present paper, we have analyzed the living arrangement of elderly in district Rohtak, Haryana. We have interviewed 500 elderly of different age groups in 2012. The study found that elderly is cared as about 90 per cent elderly stay in joint families. Not a single respondent male was living alone whereas 0.5 percent females in rural areas and 2.5 per cent in urban areas are living alone. The poor elderly are more satisfied than the rich elderly.

scholarly journals Inequality in the Utilization of Rehabilitation Services Among Urban and Rural Households in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-357
Author(s):  
Jafar Yahyavi Dizaj ◽  
◽  
Faroogh Na'emani ◽  
Mohsen Fateh ◽  
Manijeh Soleimanifar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Utilization ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Rich ◽  
East Azerbaijan

Objective: Demographic and epidemiological changes in the 21st century have created new challenges such as aging and the rising trend of non-communicable diseases. The high prevalence of disability (due to the growing aging population), non-communicable diseases, and accidents have increased the demand for rehabilitation services. However, there are not enough resources to meet all current needs in many parts of the world. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inequality in the utilization of rehabilitation services between Iranian households in urban and rural areas. Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design using the household expenditure, income survey data from the Statistics Center of Iran in 2018. The used instrument was a questionnaire surveying the expenditure and income of urban and rural households (social characteristics of household members, place of residence and main living facilities, food/non-food expenses, and household income), which was completed through interviewing the household head or a member over 15 years of age. The study samples were 18610 households in rural areas and 20348 households in urban areas. After extracting and refining the data, 38958 households were included in the study. Factors affecting their utilization of rehabilitation services and the inequality in utilization were analyzed using the Chi-square test and the concentration index (CI), respectively. Data were extracted in MS Access 2013 and MS Excel 2013 applications and were analyzed in STATA V.14.1 software. The geographic distribution of the service utilization was plotted using ArcGIS Map V. 10 software. Results: A total of 258 households (0.77%) used rehabilitation services. Of these, 226 (87%) had a male head, and 32 (13%) had a female head. About 60% had 3-4 members, and 239 (92%) had insurance coverage, and others (8%) had no insurance coverage. Also, 173 (67%) had an employed head. Finally, 55% were living in rural areas, and 45% in urban areas. Uninsured households had less use of rehabilitation services (P<0.05). Also, 1.32% of the fifth income quintile (highest income) used rehabilitation services, while this rate was 0.35% for households in the first quintile (P<0.001). Zanjan, Qazvin, Khuzestan, Isfahan, Lorestan, Bushehr, and Semnan provinces had the lowest service utilization rates in urban/rural areas and the whole country. Qom province had a better status regarding service utilization in urban areas, while East Azerbaijan, Mazandaran, Golestan, Yazd, Fars, and Hormozgan provinces had higher service utilization rates in rural areas. Overall, East Azerbaijan, Mazandaran, and Qom provinces had a higher rate of utilization. The CI value for the whole country was reported at 0.24 (95% CI: 0.17-0.30), indicating a higher inequality in utilization in favor of the rich. The CI values for rural and urban areas were 0.27 and 0.19, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion: There is inequality in the utilization of rehabilitation services in favor of the rich households in Iran, and low-income households have lower access to these services. The inclusion of rehabilitation services in the primary health insurance package with appropriate pricing and population coverage, and fair distribution of rehabilitation services following the needs of public and private sectors, can increase the access and utilization of rehabilitation services.

scholarly journals FORMY POMOCY UNIJNEJ DLA MAŁYCH GOSPODARSTW ROLNYCH W POLSCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Jan Stoksik
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Rural Development Programme ◽  
Financial Perspective ◽  
The Rich

Forms of EU Assistance for Small Farms in PolandSummary The latest CAP reform has pointed out the need to maintain the vitality and development of small farms. The basic principle of the reform is for these farms to perform an important role in the multifunctional development of rural areas throughout the whole EU. Alongside their traditional farming activities these farms have a unique favourable impact on the natural environment by maintaining its biodiversity. They also support the rich European traditions and customs in food production. They are producers of good, healthy food; they provide millions of jobs, thereby reducing unemployment, not only in rural areas. In appreciation of these assets, the new EU financial perspective envisages many forms of support, especially financial support for small farms, within both pillars of the CAP. This article gives a favourable preliminary assessment of these forms of assistance. But there are drawbacks as well. One is the small extent of the assistance, expressed by the relatively low amount of expenditure planned for the financing of the assistance. Another drawback is too strict criteria for access to certain forms of financial supports, which could be used by small farms, provided in the Rural Development Programme for the years 2014-2020. This will cause that a large group of small farms do not benefit from the aid provided there.

scholarly journals Appraising Agroecological Urbanism: A Vision for the Future of Sustainable Cities

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Acga Cheng ◽  
Nurul Syafiqah Noor Azmi ◽  
Yin Mei Ng ◽  
Didier Lesueur ◽  
Sumiani Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Effective Interactions ◽  
Sustainable Soil Management ◽  
The Face ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Best Fit

By the mid-century, urban areas are expected to house two-thirds of the world’s population of approximately 10 billion people. The key challenge will be to provide food for all with fewer farmers in rural areas and limited options for expanding cultivated fields in urban areas, with sustainable soil management being a fundamental criterion for achieving sustainability goals. Understanding how nature works in a fast changing world and fostering nature-based agriculture (such as low-input farming) are crucial for sustaining food systems in the face of worsening urban heat island (UHI) effects and other climatic variables. The best fit for the context is transformative agroecology, which connects ecological networks, sustainable farming approaches, and social movements through change-oriented research and action. Even though agroecology has been practiced for over a century, its potential to address the socioeconomic impact of the food system remained largely unexplored until recently. Agroecological approaches, which involve effective interactions between researchers, policy makers, farmers, and consumers, can improve social cohesion and socioeconomic synergies while reducing the use of various agricultural inputs. This review presents a timeline of agroecology transformation from the past to the present and discusses the possibilities, prospects, and challenges of agroecological urbanism toward a resilient urban future.

The Effect of Microfinance on Inequality and Household Shocks Easing in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 323-340
Author(s):  
Ezebuilo R. Ukwueze ◽  
Henry T. Asogwa ◽  
Augustine C. Odoh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Heckman Selection Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Household Shocks ◽  
Heckman Selection

The chapter aims at finding the microfinance effect on households' shocks easing of Nigerians, and estimating the inequality in the use of MFIs' services under the backdrop that rural farmers do not have access to credits to boost productivity and this affects their income and widens inequality. Based upon the World Bank microdata on financial inclusion survey for 2014 (the Global Fundex survey data set), the study employed the Heckman selection model and concentration index. The results show that households in urban areas have more access to MFIs services than rural households in terms of mobile money accounts, emergency funds, and receiving remittances to smooth their consumption shocks. The results also show wide disparities in deprivation of owning accounts, in loans for apartment, in trend of saving habits, in capacity to participate in MFIs services between the rich and the poor. The study, therefore, recommends that more MFIs can be established in rural areas and more awareness campaign be carried to reach out to the targeted households.

scholarly journals Enhancing food security through home gardening in urbanizing environment in Machakos County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-455
Author(s):  
Julius Huho ◽  
Margaret Muriuki
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Home Gardens ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Home Gardening ◽  
The Impact

Kenya is rapidly urbanizing at an annual rate of about 4.3%. One of the consequences of urbanization has been the problem of food insecurity in peri-urban areas. Increased migration to urban from rural areas has enhanced food insecurity in these areas. The peri-urban area of Kangundo-Tala in Machakos County is one of the fastest-growing peri-urban areas due to its proximity to the capital city of Nairobi. This study investigated the impact of home gardening in enhancing food security in the rapidly urbanizing middle-income Kangundo–Tala peri-urban areas of Machakos County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were: to identify the causes of households’ food insecurity in the study area; to examine the factors influencing the adoption of home gardening and; to establish the role of home gardening as a measure of households’ food security. To measure food security, three consumption behaviors were analyzed: consumption changes, food expenditure reduction and income expansion. A qualitative approach was adopted where a total of 120 newly settled households were interviewed. The three main causes of food insecurity were identified (i) small land sizes, (ii) low and erratic rainfall and, (iii) the socialization of peri-urban dwellers. About 68% of the households were practicing at least one form of home gardening. The need for safe and nutritious food, seasonal unavailability, and inaccessibility of food encouraged the establishment of home gardens. From the gardens, households were able to diversify their diets, access safe food and have food readily available. With enhanced stability in food availability, accessibility, and utilization, the study concluded that home gardens played a major role in enhancing food. However, the production was at a very small scale. Up-scaling of home gardening by the Ministry of Agriculture through training was recommended.    

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRADITIONAL VILLAGE AND COMMUNE ORGANIZATION IN THE NORTHWEST MOUNTAINOUS REGION (CASE STUDY OF THE MONG AND THAI ETHNIC GROUPS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hà Triệu Huy
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Thai People ◽  
The Rich ◽  
National Solidarity ◽  
Rural Development Policies

In the era of modernization and international integration, Vietnam must tackle the relation between cultural identity and traditional and modern development which are very important today. Vietnam’s culture not only is created by Viet people but ethnic minorities play a key role to diversify national identity. Thereby, researching village structure, social organization, and customs of the northern mountainous villages is very important. Researching traditional village models plays a key role to preserve positive values of minority culture, simultaneously, some proposed policies of modern villages may be applied for villages which lie in remote areas in Vietnam. This is a repercussion of the policy of making rural areas closer to urban areas and eliminating the disparity between the rich and the impoverished, cultural differences, and consolidating the national solidarity. Due to that, it is proposed to develop new rural development policies for the Northwest ethnic minorities in Vietnam. Because of the word limit of the article only the Mong people and the Thai people are the main case studies.

scholarly journals Gambaran Akses Pelayanan Kesehatan pada Balita di Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Zainul Khaqiqi Nantabah ◽  
Zulfa Auliyati A ◽  
Agung Dwi Laksono
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
The Rich

ABSTRAK Anak balita merupakan periode masa yang disebut golden age. Akses pelayanan kesehatan untuk kelompok ini menjadi perhatian karena kesinambungan hidup pada kelompok tersebut menjadi salah satu tolok ukur pembangunan kesehatan. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis lanjut data Riskesdas 2013, yang disajikan secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Analisis dilakukan pada variabel-variabel cakupan kunjungan balita ke pelayanan kesehatan. Pelayanan kesehatan dimaksud adalah Rumah Sakit, Puskesmas/Pustu, Praktik Dokter/Klinik, dan Polindes/Praktik Bidan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa balita yang tinggal di perkotaan dan pada kelompok kaya dan sangat kaya memiliki akses yang lebih baik di Rumah Sakit dan praktik dokter/klinik pada akses rawat jalan dan rawat inap. Sementara mereka yang tinggal di perdesaan dan pada kelompok miskin memiliki akses yang lebih baik ke Puskesmas/Pustu dan Polindes/praktik bidan baik di rawat jalan maupun rawat inap. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa balita yang tinggal di perkotaan dan pada kelompok kaya memiliki akses yang lebih baik pada pelayanan kesehatan rujukan, sementara mereka yang tinggal di perdesaan dan pada kelompok miskin memiliki akses yang lebih baik di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dasar. Kata kunci: akses, pelayanan kesehatan, balita   ABSTRACT Toddler is a period of time called golden age. Access to health services for this group is a concern because the continuity of life in the group is one of the benchmarks for health development. This research is an advance analysis of the Riskesdas 2013, which is presented in quantitative descriptive manner. Analysis was carried out on the variables of coverage of toddler visits to health services. The intended health services are hospitals, health center/Pustu, doctor/clinic, and Polindes/midwife, both on outpatient visits and inpatients. The results showed that toddlers who lived in urban areas and in the rich and very rich groups had better access in hospitals and doctor/clinic practices on access to outpatient and inpatient care. While those who live in rural areas and the poor have better access to health center/Pustu and Polindes/ midwives both in outpatient and inpatient care. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that toddlers who live in urban areas and in rich groups have better access to referral health services, while those who live in rural areas and in poor groups have better access to basic health care facilities. Keyword: access, health services, toddler

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