scholarly journals Influence of the Shortening of the Winter Fertilization Prohibition Period in Hungary Assessed by Spatial Crop Simulation Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Sándor Koós ◽  
Béla Pirkó ◽  
Gábor Szatmári ◽  
Péter Csathó ◽  
Marianna Magyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Crop Model ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Crop Simulation ◽  
Considerable Portion ◽  
Starting Date ◽  
Nitrates Directive

The Nitrates Directive aims (a) to protect water quality across Europe from nitrates originating from agricultural sources that pollute ground and surface water, and (b) to promote good farming practices. One of the most controversial measures of the directive is the winter prohibition period of fertilization, which has been extended by a month in two steps in recent years. According to the regulation, it is forbidden to apply nitrogen fertilization in Hungary between 31st October and 15th February, even though the winter climate is gradually becoming milder. Using the fertilization data of nearly half a million parcels of land in the Hungarian Nitrate Database, a crop model-based spatial analysis was carried out. Our aim was to test if a shift in the prohibition period starting date from 31st October to 30th November caused any differences in the nitrate amount leached at a 90 cm depth. Detailed nitrate inputs and soil and weather databases were coupled with the 4M crop model. The yield, plant nitrogen uptake, and nitrate leaching under five major crops were simulated, covering a considerable portion of arable land. Shifting the prohibition period starting date did not result in significant changes in the nitrate leaching. Further runs of the 4M model with different weather scenarios are needed to decide whether the modification of the prohibition period significantly affects the amount of nitrate leached.

Research and simulation analysis of thermal performance and hygrothermal behavior of timber-framed walls with different external thermal insulation layer: Cork board and anticorrosive pine plate

2020 ◽  
pp. 174425912093672
Author(s):  
Haiyan Fu ◽  
Yewei Ding ◽  
Minmin Li ◽  
Yu Cao ◽  
Wenbo Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Cold Winter ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Hygrothermal Behavior ◽  
Building Wall ◽  
Mold Spore

In order to improve the comfort of the living environment, the thermal performance and temperature–humidity regulation of the exterior walls of two timber-framed structure buildings is theoretically calculated and experimentally studied in this study. Both of the two buildings are located in Nanjing, China, the hot-summer and cold-winter zone. Then WUFI is used to simulate and predict the changes of temperature, relative humidity, and water content of the two timber-framed structure buildings, to strengthen the theoretical analysis of the thermal and humidity coupling of the external walls, and to propose an optimal design scheme for the insulation and temperature and humidity regulation of the external walls. The main results show that the tested thermal conductivity is basically consistent with the predicted value, which prove that WUFI simulation can effectively predict the thermal insulation performance of the external wall. The two timber-framed structure buildings are both suitable for the cold areas, and the reasonable optimization of the design of the structure is the key to the insulation of the building wall. Timber-framed structure is proved to have good temperature–humidity regulation effect. The moisture content of the two timber-framed structure buildings is stable, and the annual temperature and winter humidity are within the appropriate humidity range, which indicates that the wall design is suitable for Nanjing hot-summer and cold-winter climate zone. Four types of wall structure indoor mold spore germinations are less likely, which is not easy to produce the mold. The above research aims to optimize the design of the energy-saving wall of the timber-framed structure and create a comfortable and healthy living environment.

scholarly journals Incorporating a dynamic gene-based process module into a crop simulation model

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio A A Oliveira ◽  
James W Jones ◽  
Willingthon Pavan ◽  
Mehul Bhakta ◽  
C Eduardo Vallejos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Mixed Linear Model ◽  
Crop Model ◽  
Crop Simulation ◽  
Crop Simulation Models ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Csm Model

Abstract Dynamic crop simulation models are tools that predict plant phenotype grown in specific environments for genotypes using genotype-specific parameters (GSPs), often referred to as ‘genetic coefficients’. These GSPs are estimated using phenotypic observations and may not represent ‘true’ genetic information. Instead, estimating GSPs requires experiments to measure phenotypic responses when new cultivars are released. The goal of this study was to evaluate a new approach that incorporates a dynamic gene-based module for simulating time-to-flowering for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) into an existing dynamic crop model. A multi-environment study that included 187 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a bi-parental bean family was conducted in 2011 and 2012 to measure the effects of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), environment (E) and QTL × E interactions across five sites. A dynamic mixed linear model was modified in this study to create a dynamic module that was then integrated into the Cropping System Model (CSM)-CROPGRO-Drybean model. This new hybrid crop model, with the gene-based flowering module replacing the original flowering component, requires allelic make-up of each genotype that is simulated and daily E data. The hybrid model was compared to the original CSM model using the same E data and previously estimated GSPs to simulate time-to-flower. The integrated gene-based module simulated days of first flower agreed closely with observed values (root mean square error of 2.73 days and model efficiency of 0.90) across the five locations and 187 genotypes. The hybrid model with its gene-based module also described most of the G, E and G × E effects on time-to-flower and was able to predict final yield and other outputs simulated by the original CSM. These results provide the first evidence that dynamic crop simulation models can be transformed into gene-based models by replacing an existing process module with a gene-based module for simulating the same process.

scholarly journals INCORPORATING A DYNAMIC GENE-BASED PROCESS MODULE INTO A CROP SIMULATION MODEL

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio A.A. Oliveira ◽  
James W. Jones ◽  
Willingthon Pavan ◽  
Mehul Bhakta ◽  
C. Eduardo Vallejos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Mixed Linear Model ◽  
Crop Model ◽  
Crop Simulation ◽  
Crop Simulation Models ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Environment Study ◽  
Csm Model

Dynamic crop simulation models are tools that predict plant phenotype grown in specific environments for genotypes using genotype-specific parameters (GSPs), often referred to as "genetic coefficients." These GSPs are estimated using phenotypic observations and may not represent "true" genetic information. Instead, estimating GSPs requires experiments to measure phenotypic responses when new cultivars are released. The goal of this study was to evaluate a new approach that incorporates a dynamic gene-based module for simulating time-to-flowering for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) into an existing dynamic crop model. A multi-environment study conducted in 2011 and 2012 included 187 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a bi-parental bean family to measure the effects of quantitative trait loci (QTL), environment (E), and QTLxE interactions across five sites. The dynamic mixed linear model from Vallejos et al. (2020) was modified in this study to create a dynamic module that was then integrated into the CSM-CROPGRO-Drybean model. This new hybrid crop model, with the gene-based flowering module replacing the original flowering component, requires allelic makeup of each genotype being simulated and daily E data. The hybrid model was compared to the original CSM model using the same E data and previously estimated GSPs to simulate time-to-flower. The integrated gene-based module simulated days of first flower agreed closely with observed values (root mean square error of 2.73 days and model efficiency of 0.90) across the five locations and 187 genotypes. The hybrid model with its gene-based module also described most of the G, E and GxE effects on time-to-flower and was able to predict final yield and other outputs simulated by the original CSM. These results provide the first evidence that dynamic crop simulation models can be transformed into gene-based models by replacing an existing process module with a gene-based module for simulating the same process.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document