scholarly journals New Energy-Resource Efficiency, Technological Efficiency, and Ecosystems Impact Ratings for the Sustainability of China’s Provinces

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Alina Steblyanskaya ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Alexander Martynov ◽  
Ai Mingye ◽  
Vladimir Artykhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Technological Efficiency ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Primary Study Objective ◽  
High Level

This paper concerns the necessity of ecosystem protection and energy efficiency rating development. The article analyzes the experience of the non-commercial Environmental and Energy Rating Agency (Interfax-ERA) ratings concerning the environmental assessment of Russian regions and the transfer of successful knowledge for evaluating 31 Chinese provinces. The theoretical base, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the energy-resource efficiency (ERE) rating, technological efficiency (TE), and ecosystem impact (EI) ratings are proposed based on the system methodology, developed within the framework of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The primary study objective is to determine whether the Interfax-ERA rating methodology and considered criteria could be applied in China to assess the provinces’ environmental, technological, and energy efficiency. The research highlights the importance of multifunctional tools for developing experiences and sharing methodological experiences across countries. The study efficiently emphasizes provinces with a high level of energy efficiency and technological innovations as well as the provinces with the deficient level of eco-oriented economy policy. The results show two types of systematic deviations—significantly high-level impact on the ecosystem in the Chinese provinces and considerably high levels of energy and resource efficiency in capitals and business centers.

scholarly journals Discussion on the development direction of hydropower in China

Clean Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Duan Bin
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
New Era ◽  
Green Development ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
High Level ◽  
Flexible Operation

Abstract Hydropower is the second largest conventional energy resource in China. It is a renewable energy with mature technology, flexible operation, cleanliness and low carbon. A hydropower project has flood control, a water supply, navigation, irrigation and other comprehensive utilization functions. The new era in China is guided by the new energy-security strategy of ‘four revolutions and one cooperation’ and the new development concept of ‘innovation, coordination, green development, openness and sharing’. According to the dual nature of water and electricity, this paper deepens the basic understanding of hydropower from the experience of the world, the difficult problems of hydropower in China and the long-term development of hydropower enterprises. The future direction of hydropower development is explored from the following aspects: high-quality development of follow-up hydropower projects, innovative utilization of existing hydropower value, creative pursuit of hydropower-benefit growth and high-level promotion of hydropower international cooperation.

scholarly journals Comparison of Short- versus Long-Course Antimicrobial Therapy of Uncomplicated Bacterial Pneumonia in Dogs: A Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3096
Author(s):  
Aida I. Vientós-Plotts ◽  
Isabelle Masseau ◽  
Carol R. Reinero
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Primary Study Objective ◽  
Double Blinded

Current treatment for canine bacterial pneumonia relies on protracted courses of antimicrobials (3–6 weeks or more) with recommendations to continue for 1–2 weeks past resolution of all clinical and thoracic radiographic abnormalities. However, in humans, bacterial pneumonia is often treated with 5–10-day courses of antimicrobials, and thoracic radiographs are not considered useful to guide therapeutic duration. The primary study objective was to determine whether a short course of antimicrobials would be sufficient to treat canine bacterial pneumonia. Eight dogs with uncomplicated bacterial pneumonia were enrolled in this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study comparing clinical and radiographic resolution with differing durations of antimicrobial therapy. Dogs received a course of antimicrobials lasting 10 (A10) or 21 (A21) days. Dogs randomized to the A10 group received placebo for 11 days following antimicrobial therapy. Patients were evaluated at presentation and 10, 30 and 60 days after the initiation of antimicrobials. At 10 days, 6/8 dogs had resolution of both clinical signs and inflammatory leukogram, and 5/8 dogs had improved global radiographic scores. After 60 days, clinical and hematologic resolution of pneumonia was noted in all dogs regardless of antimicrobial therapy duration; however, 3/8 dogs had persistent radiographic lesions. Thoracic radiographs do not appear to be a reliable marker to guide antimicrobial therapy in canine bacterial pneumonia as radiographic lesions may lag or persist despite clinical cure. This pilot study suggests a 10-day course of antimicrobials may be sufficient to treat uncomplicated canine bacterial pneumonia.

ENERGY SECURITY OF THE STATE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND IMPROVING THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS FOR ENERGY, RESOURCE EFFICIENCY OF BUILDINGS IN UKRAINE AND IN THE EU

2017 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Victor Chichulin ◽  
Kseniya Chichulina
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The Eu

UDK 658.264 GEL: E21; F15; L74; Q49; Q48; R58 Victor Chichulin, Ph.D., Assoc. Prof. Kseniya Chichulina, Ph.D. Poltava National Technical Yurii Kondratyuk University. Energy Security of the state: Comparative analysis and Improving the Regulatory frameworks for energy, resource efficiency of buildings in Ukraine and in the EU. The article was the analysis and compare existing regulatory frameworks for energy and resource efficiency of various buildings in Ukraine and in the EU. The main assignment of the present research is studying the current situation and trends towards improvement of the Ukrainian regulatory framework concerning energy saving in the construction engineering sector. With the aim of ensuring energy security of the state determined approaches to effectively addressing the problem of high energy consumption. Efficient solution of the high energy resources consumption problem in the field of industrial and civil engineering is only possible with an integrated approach. It is necessary both to control heat losses by means of walling and to reduce energy consumption for conditioning buildings, ventilation air transporting, etc. To successfully solve the problem of high energy resources consumption, it is necessary to improve the total costs of producing electricity, heat/cold, to minimize losses on their way from the energy manufacturer to the consumer. The article presents: energy classification houses by European standards, proved the need to develop the existing regulations energy efficiency in Ukraine; the experience of European countries for energy certification in order to introduce in Ukraine; the structure of the legislative framework of Ukraine in the sphere of energy efficiency of buildings; implementing European practices energy conservation in Ukraine; development of recommendations on adaptation of Ukraine standards to EU; the formation of proposals for  deepening energy cooperation between Ukraine and the EU. Keywords: energy security, regulatory framework, energy and resource efficiency, buildings, energy performance certificates.

Risk-oriented approach to the issue of industrial safety and energy resource efficiency gas transport enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 244-253
Author(s):  
A.S. Belikov ◽  
◽  
Z.N. Matsuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Main Pipeline ◽  
Gas Main ◽  
Routine Work ◽  
Gas Main Pipeline ◽  
Oriented Approach

Any gas-main pipeline presents a technological complex of objects that functions as a single system, where all objects of the gas-main pipeline are classified as hazardous facilities, for which most of the existing risks are typical. In order to maintain a gas-transport system in operational, standard and safe condition, it is necessary to perform repair (routine) work assuming replacement or repair of defective sections of the pipe (or other equipment). The methods which an operator of a gas-transport system uses today for ensuring safety of such repair (routine) work are either environmentally harmful (“bleed” of gas), or hazardous and inefficient by energy and/or resource (“bleed” of gas, gas utilization, increasing of pipeline bearing capacity, "overlaying-welding" of defects under pressure, etc.). With this scheme of technological process, level of working and environmental safety and energy-resource efficiency of gas-transport enterprises sharply decreases. The purpose of our research was to propose a risk-oriented approach to the problem of working safety and energy resource efficiency of the gas-transport enterprises. The only type of repair, with which operational (safe) state and resource of the pipeline system can be fully restored is replacement of defective pipe or its section. Therefore, at the stage of preparatory work, the most acute problem is discharge of natural gas from the local section of pipelines by means of its pumping-over (accumulation) instead of "bleeding" or "utilization". We propose a rational, effective and risk-oriented approach to the use of mobile compressor units for pumping over (evacuating) of natural gas as a method for improving working safety and energy efficiency of the gas-transport enterprises. The proposed approach allows the gas-transport companies to create quickly an automated risk management system and reduce the risk level and, as a result, to improve working safety and energy efficiency of the processes of gas transportation.

Basin-to-prospect-scale subsurface characterisation: new insights into the Exmouth Sub-basin, North West Shelf, Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Abdul Kholiq ◽  
Claire Jacob ◽  
Bee Jik Lim ◽  
Oliver Schenk ◽  
Anubrati Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Rift System ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
North West ◽  
Northern Carnarvon Basin ◽  
Primary Study Objective ◽  
Hydrocarbon Charge

The Exmouth Sub-basin represents part of the intracratonic rift system of the northern Carnarvon Basin, Australia. Hydrocarbon exploration has resulted in the discovery of a variety of oil and gas accumulations, mainly in Upper Triassic, Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous intervals. Recent 3D petroleum systems modelling aided in understanding the interaction of the complex basin evolution and hydrocarbon charge history, shedding light on the variety and distribution of hydrocarbon types encountered, whilst also highlighting future remaining potential in both proven and untested plays. As a result of this modelling, the Exmouth Subsurface Characterisation Study was commissioned to further leverage >12000km2of recently acquired and processed seismic data and integrate data from specifically conditioned wells from across the Exmouth Sub-basin. The primary study objective was to better understand the distribution of lithologies across the basin, with focus upon the reservoir presence and properties over proven and potential deeper sections. Furthermore, given the variety of hydrocarbon types encountered, this study set out to understand the amplitude behaviour of these types within the different reservoirs. Collectively, these results have aided in identifying analogous hydrocarbon amplitude responses across the basin, derisking identified plays, prospects and existing discoveries and fields whilst also identifying new plays and leads.

scholarly journals The decision-making process towards implementing energy efficiency in a university-built park in southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 265-279
Author(s):  
Marcos Antonio Leite Frandoloso ◽  
Eduardo Grala da Cunha ◽  
Albert Cuchí i Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Education For Sustainability ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The University

Sustainability has been increasingly incorporated as an essential life perspective into educational institutions as well as local communities. Universities play an important role into the society by debating theoretical contributions and implementing concrete actions. The present research was developed to evaluate a university’s energy efficiency by using the Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Spain as a reference for University of Passo Fundo, Brazil. The reference values and index ratings obtained for energy performance, in the Universities’ building stock, were evaluated based on positive and negative features. The study identifies and assesses the evolution of incident factors towards energy consumption and its impacts on the hidropower generation, the main energy resource in Brazilian. Hence, the university can promote a reflection about its practices to develop feasible tools that contribute to sustainable measures. As a result, guidelines and strategies were proposed, not only on targeted evaluated buildings but also on the entire building stock. The research indicates the importance to follow well-defined guidelines in the decision-making process by institutions of higher education, in order to consider integrated sustainable practices. The methodology and findings contribute to improve and promote Education for Sustainability, which should encourage other similar universities to put sustainable projects into practice and encourage the whole society to face the inevitable change of paradigms for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

scholarly journals Changes in snow cover occurrence and the atmospheric circulation impact in Poznań (Poland)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szyga-Pluta
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Primary Study Objective ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Winter Severity

AbstractThe variability of occurrence of snow cover and the impact of atmospheric circulation on the snow cover occurrence in the period 1966/1967–2019/2020 in Poznań (Poland) have been examined. The implementation of the primary study objective covers the comprehensive analysis of the winter snow and thermal conditions using various indicators. This paper is based on daily data from the years 1966–2020 concerning the winter period. Winters in Poznań are highly variable and differentiated, considering the duration of particular seasons, number of days with snow cover, mean snow cover thickness, winter snowiness coefficient, or winter severity index. Negative trends concerning days with snow cover total snow cover depth winter snowiness coefficient and winter severity index in Poznań prove statistically significant. A higher probability of occurrence of snow cover was determined during cyclonic than anticyclonic circulation. The westerly and northerly types especially favoured the occurrence of days with snow cover. The increase of snow cover was associated with the northerly inflow mainly. Westerly types of circulation caused the decrease of snow cover predominantly.

The adverse effects of mefloquine in deployed military personnel

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237
Author(s):  
S Adshead
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Primary Study Objective ◽  
Subsequent Patient

AbstractIntroductionMefloquine (Lariam®) is an effective anti-malarial prescribed to over 35 million travellers world-wide as chemoprophylaxis. However, it has been the subject of increased scrutiny and media attention due to its association with significant neuropsychiatric adverse events. Anecdotal evidence suggests that patient trust in the drug is waning.MethodsA prospective questionnaire-based cohort study of 150 deployed military personnel prescribed mefloquine as anti-malaria chemoprophylaxis. The primary study objective was to assess the rate of adverse reactions. In addition, an audit of mefloquine prescriptions and subsequent patient follow-up was conducted.ResultsAmong a cohort of 111 individuals taking mefloquine, 54% reported at least one adverse effect and 13% required a change in prescription to a second-line anti-malarial, due to significant side-effects. All females prescribed mefloquine reported at least one adverse reaction. There were two cases of clinically significant adverse reactions.ConclusionsThere was a higher rate of adverse events reported amongst deployed military personnel than has been reported among civilian patients. This may be partly due to the stressful environment in which deployed personnel operate.

Overall survival (OS) in contemporary randomized clinical trials (RCT) in advanced breast cancer (ABC)

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1002-1002
Author(s):  
A. Katz ◽  
E. D. Saad ◽  
M. E. Buyse
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Phase Iii Trials ◽  
Primary Study Objective ◽  
The One

1002 Background: OS has been considered an elusive endpoint, while progression-free survival (PFS), time to tumor progression (TTP), and time to treatment failure (TTF) have been used frequently and often interchangeably as primary endpoints (PE) in ABC (Saad, Ann Oncol 2009). Methods: We searched PubMed using the medical subject headings “breast neoplasms” and “drug therapy,” limiting the search to phase III trials on systemic antineoplastic therapies published between 1/2000 and 12/2007 in 8 leading medical journals (Ann Oncol, BCRT, BJC, Cancer, EJC, JCO, Lancet Oncol, and NEJM). PE was the one stated explicitly, used for N calculation, or listed first. Significant PE (SigPE) was considered as P <0.05 for superiority trials (N=47), or proven non-inferiority/equivalence otherwise. Results: We retrieved 58 RTCs, with a median sample size of 329 evaluable patients. The table shows the breakdown of these trials by size and PE, and the number of trials that reached statistical significance on their PE and on OS. Overall, a statistically significant gain in OS was reported in 11 of 58 RCTs (19%). In 30 RCTs with gain in PE, 26 favored the experimental arm. Conclusions: While publication and journal selection biases may not be excluded, our review suggests that gain in OS, although seldom a primary study objective, is not infrequent in contemporary RCTs in ABC. However, the majority of RCTs are underpowered for OS, which remains a secondary or exploratory endpoint in most cases. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Assessing analgesia equivalence and appetite following alfaxalone- or ketamine-based injectable anesthesia for feline castration as an example of enhanced recovery after surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatum Armstrong ◽  
Marika C Wagner ◽  
Jagjit Cheema ◽  
Daniel SJ Pang
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Rescue Analgesia ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Primary Study Objective ◽  
Species Specific

Objectives The primary study objective was to assess two injectable anesthetic protocols, given to facilitate castration surgery in cats, for equivalence in terms of postoperative analgesia. A secondary objective was to evaluate postoperative eating behavior. Methods Male cats presented to a local clinic were randomly assigned to receive either intramuscular ketamine (5 mg/kg, n = 26; KetHD) or alfaxalone (2 mg/kg, n = 24; AlfHD) in combination with dexmedetomidine (25 μg/kg) and hydromorphone (0.05 mg/kg). All cats received meloxicam (0.3 mg/kg SC) and intratesticular lidocaine (2 mg/kg). Species-specific pain and sedation scales were applied at baseline, 1, 2 and 4 h postoperatively. Time taken to achieve sternal recumbency and begin eating were also recorded postoperatively. Results Pain scale scores were low and showed equivalence between the treatment groups at all time points (1 h, P = 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] of the difference between group scores 0–0; 2 h, P = 0.71, 95% CI 0–0; 4 h, P = 0.97, 95% CI 0–0). Four cats crossed the threshold for rescue analgesia (KetHD, n = 1; AlfHD, n = 3). At 1 h, more cats in the KetHD (65%) group than in the AlfHD (42%) group were sedated, but statistical significance was not detected ( P = 0.15, 95% CI −1 to 0). Most AlfHD cats (88%) began eating by 1 h vs 65% of KetHD cats ( P = 0.039). Time to recover sternal recumbency did not differ between groups ( P = 0.86, 95% CI −14.1 to 11.8). Conclusions and relevance These results show that AlfHD and KetHD provide equivalent analgesia as part of a multimodal injectable anesthetic protocol. Alfaxalone is associated with an earlier return to eating.

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