scholarly journals Changes in Consumer Behaviour in the Post-COVID-19 Era in Seoul, South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Hanghun Jo ◽  
Eunha Shin ◽  
Heungsoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Data Card ◽  
Online Purchases ◽  
Industry Type ◽  
Credit Card Data ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
Surrounding Areas

To prevent the spread of COVID-19, the Korean government promoted strong social distancing policies and restricted the use of confined areas and spaces that are likely to cause widespread infection, including religious facilities. The policies affect the consumption behaviours of Korean citizens. The purpose of this study is to examine changes in the consumer behaviours of citizens following the outbreak of COVID-19 in South Korea. Using credit card data from January to June 2020 in Seoul, this study examines the changes in consumption by industry type. Consumption types were classified into education, wholesale and retail, online purchases, food service, leisure, and travel. The industry that was most affected was the travel industry, which did not recover following the decline in consumption due to COVID-19. To examine consumer changes in credit card transactions due to widespread infection, a correlation analysis was conducted between the amount of consumption according to credit card transaction data (card consumption) and the number of confirmed patients and policy implementation by step. For more detailed analyses, group infections in the Guro-gu and Yongsan-gu neighbourhoods were investigated. In Guro-gu, no significant results were found in the area experiencing massive group infection. In Yongsan-gu, a significant negative correlation in consumption and number of cases was found in Itaewon 1-dong, an area with mass infection, and a positive correlation was found in the surrounding areas. Nevertheless, no significant correlations between changes in consumer behaviours and effects of COVID-19 were found as a result of the analysis herein.

Identifying Major Issues of Tourism Analysis Using Big Data : Focused on Mobile and Credit Card Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-22
Author(s):  
Won-Seop Shim ◽  
Seung-Mook Choi ◽  
Chang-Sup Shim
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Credit Card Data

scholarly journals The Influence of a Seedling Recruitment Strategy and a Clonal Architecture on a Spatial Genetic Structure of a Salvia brachyodon (Lamiaceae) Population

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 828
Author(s):  
Ivan Radosavljević ◽  
Oleg Antonić ◽  
Dario Hruševar ◽  
Josip Križan ◽  
Zlatko Satovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Recruitment Strategy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clonal Architecture ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Spatial Genetic Analysis

By performing a high-resolution spatial-genetic analysis of a partially clonal Salvia brachyodon population, we elucidated its clonal architecture and seedling recruitment strategy. The sampling of the entire population was based on a 1 × 1 m grid and each sampled individual was genotyped. Population-genetic statistics were combined with geospatial analyses. On the population level, the presence of both sexual and clonal reproduction and repeated seedling recruitment as the prevailing strategy of new genets establishment were confirmed. On the patch level, a phalanx clonal architecture was detected. A significant negative correlation between patches’ sizes and genotypic richness was observed as young plants were not identified within existing patches of large genets but almost exclusively in surrounding areas. The erosion of the genetic variability of older patches is likely caused by the inter-genet competition and resulting selection or by a random die-off of individual genets accompanied by the absence of new seedlings establishment. This study contributes to our understanding of how clonal architecture and seedling recruitment strategies can shape the spatial-genetic structure of a partially clonal population and lays the foundation for the future research of the influence of the population’s clonal organization on its sexual reproduction.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Shock and Consumer Credit: Evidence from Credit Card Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (008) ◽  
pp. 1-55
Author(s):  
Akos Horvath ◽  
◽  
Benjamin Kay ◽  
Carlo Wix ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Credit Cards ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Credit Card Data ◽  
Pandemic Severity ◽  
The Impact

We use credit card data from the Federal Reserve Board's FR Y-14M reports to study the impact of the COVID-19 shock on the use and availability of consumer credit across borrower types from March through August 2020. We document an initial sharp decrease in credit card transactions and outstanding balances in March and April. While spending starts to recover by May, especially for risky borrowers, balances remain depressed overall. We find a strong negative impact of local pandemic severity on credit use, which becomes smaller over time, consistent with pandemic fatigue. Restrictive public health interventions also negatively affect credit use, but the pandemic itself is the main driver. We further document a large reduction in credit card originations, especially to risky borrowers. Consistent with a tightening of credit supply and a flight-to-safety response of banks, we find an increase in interest rates of newly issued credit cards to less creditworthy borrowers.

scholarly journals A Survey: Data Leakage Detection Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2247
Author(s):  
K. S. Wagh
Keyword(s):  
Credit Card ◽  
Information Leakage ◽  
Leakage Detection ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Personal Credit ◽  
Customer Information ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Credit Card Data

Data is an important property of various organizations and it is intellectual property of organization. Every organization includes sensitive data as customer information, financial data, data of patient, personal credit card data and other information based on the kinds of management, institute or industry. For the areas like this, leakage of information is the crucial problem that the organization has to face, that poses high cost if information leakage is done. All the more definitely, information leakage is characterize as the intentional exposure of individual or any sort of information to unapproved outsiders. When the important information is goes to unapproved hands or moves towards unauthorized destination. This will prompts the direct and indirect loss of particular industry in terms of cost and time. The information leakage is outcomes in vulnerability or its modification. So information can be protected by the outsider leakages. To solve this issue there must be an efficient and effective system to avoid and protect authorized information. From not so long many methods have been implemented to solve same type of problems that are analyzed here in this survey.  This paper analyzes little latest techniques and proposed novel Sampling algorithm based data leakage detection techniques.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPECTACULAR PROGRESSIVE IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINEERING SCIENCES & COMPUTING (ICSPEC 2021)INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPECTACULAR PROGRESSIVE IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINEERING SCIENCES & COMPUTING (ICSPEC 2021)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Sharath Chandra I ◽  
Dr. Srikanth N ◽  
Dr. Senthil Kumar S k ◽  
Dr. Venkatessulu S ◽  
Dr. Anjaiah A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Credit Card ◽  
Fraud Detection ◽  
Credit Card Fraud ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Online Purchases ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Business Establishment ◽  
Substantial Rise

The exceptional growth in the number of credit card transactions, especially for online purchases, has recently led to a substantial rise in fraudulent activities. Credit card security is a major concern for any business establishment. With that in mind, it is hard to identify the credit card fraud. Implementation of efficient fraud detection systems has thus become imperative for all credit card issuing banks to minimize their losses.

scholarly journals Influence of Aquatic pH on Dissolved Pb in East Kolkata Wetlands: A Case Study With Reference to Climate Change Induced Acidification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joystu Dutta ◽  
Joysurya Dutta ◽  
Tirthankar Sen ◽  
Sufia Zaman ◽  
Abhijit Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
East Kolkata Wetland ◽  
East Kolkata Wetlands ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
And Shifts

Abstract The present study was undertaken with the databank of dissolved Pb and pH of the aquatic system in the East Kolkata Wetlands, an internationally unique Ramsar Site of Eastern India during a period of twenty years (2000-2019). Our study site is receiving huge amounts of domestic and industrial wastewater from surrounding areas of highly populated metropolitan city of Kolkata. The data on pH exhibits a decreasing trend with the passage of time, which may be attributed to the phenomenon of acidification in which CO2 dissolves with the water and shifts the pH to a lower value. This may result in the dissolution of accumulated Pb in the sediment and transfer the same to the overlying aquatic phase. The increasing trend of dissolved Pb confirms the hypothesis. The significant negative correlation between pH and dissolved Pb (r= -0.7763; p≤0.01) supports the view of the regulatory effect of pH on the dissolved Pb level in the aquatic systems of East Kolkata Wetland.

Infrastructural Drivers of Online Shopping

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-121
Author(s):  
Syed Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
National Income ◽  
Gross National Income ◽  
Online Purchases ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Internet Penetration ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

While online shopping expenditures have been increasing in both developed and developing economies, they still account for a small share of total retail sales. Significant differences also exist across countries in the amount of money consumers spend on a per capita basis on online purchases. The authors utilize the conceptual foundations of infrastructural framework to examine the effects of infrastructural drivers on online shopping expenditures in 43 countries. Findings show that per capita telecommunications investments and per capita gross national income are significantly associated with per capita online shopping expenditures. Privacy protection, Internet penetration, and credit card penetration were not significant.

scholarly journals An Effect of Urban Forest on Urban Thermal Environment in Seoul, South Korea, Based on Landsat Imagery Analysis

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 630
Author(s):  
Peter Sang-Hoon Lee ◽  
Jincheol Park
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Surrounding Areas

The urban heat island effect has posed negative impacts on urban areas with increased cooling energy demand followed by an altered thermal environment. While unusually high temperature in urban areas has been often attributed to complex urban settings, the function of urban forests has been considered as an effective heat mitigation strategy. To investigate the cooling effect of urban forests and their influence range, this study examined the spatiotemporal changes in land surface temperature (LST) of urban forests and surrounding areas by using Landsat imageries. LST, the size of the urban forest, its vegetation cover, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were investigated for 34 urban forests and their surrounding areas at a series of buffer areas in Seoul, South Korea. The mean LST of urban forests was lower than that of the overall city, and the threshold distance from urban forests for cooling effect was estimated to be roughly up to 300 m. The group of large-sized urban forests showed significantly lower mean LST than that of small-sized urban forests. The group of urban forests with higher NDVI showed lower mean LST than that of urban forests with lower mean NDVI in a consistent manner. A negative linear relationship was found between the LST and size of urban forest (r = −0.36 to −0.58), size of vegetation cover (r = −0.39 to −0.61), and NDVI (r = −0.42 to −0.93). Temporal changes in NDVI were examined separately on a specific site, Seoul Forest, that has experienced urban forest dynamics. LST of the site decreased as NDVI improved by a land-use change from a barren racetrack to a city park. It was considered that NDVI could be a reliable factor for estimating the cooling effect of urban forest compared to the size of the urban forest and/or vegetation cover.

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