scholarly journals Online Webcast Demand vs. Offline Spectating Channel Demand (Stadium and TV) in the Professional Sports League

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Feng ◽  
Jinbao Wang ◽  
Yeujun Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Sports Fans ◽  
Interactive Communication ◽  
Random Coefficient Model ◽  
Sports Leagues ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Professional Sports Leagues

This study investigates the online spectating behavior of sports fans. Due to the great mobility and low opportunity/switching costs, webcast sports fans’ spectating behaviors are distinct from those associated with traditional spectating channels such as stadium attendance or TV viewership. We explore the unique characteristics of online webcast demand in professional sports leagues by rigorously modeling all three spectating choices of sports fans. To consider the substitute relationship of the three spectating choices simultaneously, we employ a BLP (Berry–Levinsohn–Pakes)-style random coefficient model. For the analysis, we collect a comprehensive game-level dataset from the Korean Professional Baseball Organization (KBO) League fan samples from three different channels: online webcast viewership, stadium attendance, and TV viewership. We find that the demand for online webcasts is distinctive compared to that of traditional spectating channels. Notably, we find that the impact of team performance is three times stronger than that of TV viewership demand and that the impact of game quality is four times stronger than that of attendance demand. In contrast, a nonperformance variable is relatively less effective in attracting sports fans to online broadcasting. Furthermore, we find evidence of a strong retention effect of online webcast viewers. Our findings indicate that the previous spectating experience of online webcasts increases the next-time choice of sports fans for the webcast because the genuine spectating experience with distinctive webcast services (such as real-time interactive communication or various supplementary programs) can induce consumers to revisit the channel.

Closing the Last Vestige of a “Free Market” In Labor 1964

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David George Surdam
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Reverse Order ◽  
Sports Leagues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Professional Sports Leagues

This chapter examines the issues surrounding player draft in professional sports leagues. During the postwar era, baseball officials and players often mentioned free agents. Unlike the free agents of our era, however, these players were talented amateur players. Indeed, high school and college players constituted the remaining vestige of a free market for baseball labor during the postwar era. The owners quickly discovered that this free market for labor was costly and made attempts to curb spending on amateur players, sparking allegations of cheating that led to distrust among them. This chapter first considers the creation of the amateur draft in Major League Baseball (MLB) before discussing the reverse-order draft in the National Football League (NFL) and the player draft in the National Basketball Association (NBA). It concludes with an assessment of the impact of the draft on owners and players.

scholarly journals The "Oklahoma City Plunder": Turner's Social Drama and Team Relocation

Elements ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Morris
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oklahoma City ◽  
Social Drama ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Victor Turner ◽  
Sports Leagues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Professional Sports Leagues

This essay frames the phenomenon of team relocation as a social drama defined by anthropologist Victor Turner. To support this view I examined the controversy surrounding the Seattle Supersonics' move to Oklahoma City, which occurred over a two-year period beginning in 2006 and ending in 2008. I provide a context for team relocation in the four major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada as well as the specific context of the Supersonics controversy. I then analyze the situation as a social drama occuring between two parties: city officials and team owners. The media's role as an intermediary and the fan's role as an ibserver are also explored. I conclude briefly noting the impact of team relocation on the fans.

scholarly journals Big Data, Big Problems: Analysis of Professional Sports Leagues’ CBAs and Their Handling of Athlete Biometric Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Brown ◽  
Natasha T. Brison
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Professional Sport ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
Sports Leagues ◽  
Revenue Streams ◽  
Professional Sports Leagues

The use and integration of wearable technology (wearables) into professional sports is increasing rapidly. At a minimum, the NFL, NBA, MLB, NHL, and MLS have all integrated wearables into their training. Teams’ hope the biometric data obtained from the wearables will sharpen athletic performance, create competitive advantages, enhance fan experience, and generate new revenue streams. However, to obtain these desired outcomes leagues must adequately protect their athlete’s biometric data (ABD).  The purpose of this paper is to examine and compare the CBAs of the NFL, NBA, MLB, NHL, and MLS management of wearables and ABD. Specifically, this paper will discuss the potential gaps in protection of ABD within the CBA and explore whether federal and state laws are applicable to protect the data. Findings from this analysis improve our understanding of professional sport leagues management of ABD and expose the limitations of protection at the league, state, and federal level.

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