scholarly journals Implications of Network Diversity for Venture Growth: The Mediation Effect of Entrepreneurial Alertness

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9762
Author(s):  
Wu Zhao ◽  
Jizhen Li ◽  
Xiaohua Li ◽  
Thomas Schøtt
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Heterogeneous Information ◽  
Entrepreneurial Alertness ◽  
Network Diversity ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Gem Data ◽  
The Relationship

This paper extends the conventional wisdom of social networks and entrepreneurship by clarifying the relationship between network diversity and venture growth as well as by studying the mediation effect of entrepreneurial alertness on network diversity. It highlights the importance of diverse networks for providing heterogeneous information and resources, which is the antecedent of entrepreneurial alertness. In this paper, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data from 44 countries are used in our analysis, considering the country’s impact. Overall, we concluded that network diversity can significantly predict entrepreneurial alertness, and a venture’s growth. Furthermore, an entrepreneur’s educational level and entrepreneurial experience have positive moderating effects on the relationship between network diversity and entrepreneurial alertness.

The More the Merrier? Immigrant Share and Entrepreneurial Activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 698-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengguang Li ◽  
Rodrigo Isidor ◽  
Luis Alfonso Dau ◽  
Rudy Kabst
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Spillover ◽  
New Firms ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Spillover Theory ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Knowledge Spillover Theory ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Relationship

We examine the relationship between immigrant share and entrepreneurial activities in a country. Building on knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship (KSTE), we hypothesize that immigrant share positively relates to the creation, growth, and export activities of new firms through knowledge spillover between immigrant and native communities. We further suggest that favorable attitudes of natives toward immigrants positively moderate this relationship. Using data for 32 countries from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, we find support for the hypothesized direct relationships and for the moderating influence of a nation's attitude toward immigrants. Our study has implications for KSTE and research on entrepreneurship and immigration.

scholarly journals The effect of job autonomy on innovation behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-238
Author(s):  
Deukyoung Ko ◽  
TaeYong Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Proactive Personality ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Job Autonomy ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Innovation Behavior

The first purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between job autonomy and innovation behavior. The second purpose was to examine the moderating effect of proactive personality and openness to experience on the relationship between job autonomy and job satisfaction, And the third purpose was to examine the moderating effects of climate for innovation on the relationship between job satisfaction and innovation behavior. Data were gathered from 338 employees who were working in various organizations in Korea. As results, job autonomy had positive relationship with job satisfaction and innovation behavior, and job satisfaction had mediation effect on the relationship between job autonomy and innovation behavior. Proactive personality and openness to experience had moderating effects on the relationship job autonomy and job satisfaction because the relationship was more positive when proactive personality and openness to experience was high than low. Also climate for innovation had moderating effect on the relationship job satisfaction and innovation behavior because the relationship was more positive when climate for innovation was high than low. The implications for research and practice, limitations, and future research tasks were discussed.

scholarly journals The influence of individual characteristics on getting involved in an entrepreneurial team: The contingent role of individualism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaly Pinzón ◽  
Javier Montero ◽  
José L. González-Pernía
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Entrepreneurial Teams ◽  
Entrepreneurial Team ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship

AbstractA traditional stereotype of the entrepreneur is that of a lone hero. However, many entrepreneurs engage in new businesses as members of entrepreneurial teams. These teams usually perform better in terms of employment generation, innovation, and profits. Thus, a relevant question is why some individuals get involved in entrepreneurship through a team rather than alone. Our explanation is focused on two variables related to the entrepreneur’s human capital: their educational level and their intrapreneurial experience. There are conflicting arguments on how these variables lead an entrepreneur to join a team, and we argue that the degree of individualism of the society helps us understand the discrepancies. We use a sample of 66,716 early-stage entrepreneurs from 66 countries surveyed by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor between 2014 and 2017. Our results show that entrepreneurs with higher levels of education and intrapreneurial experience are more likely to be involved in the entrepreneurship process as members of teams. However, the effect of educational level is less pronounced in individualist contexts. In addition, we find that the motivation to enter entrepreneurship partially mediates these relationships, as individuals endowed with higher human capital are likely to enter entrepreneurship driven by an opportunistic motivation, which in turns makes them likely to need or join teams to reach their goals.

The Relationship between Entrepreneurial Characteristics, Firms' Positioning and Local Development

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Thomas ◽  
Alessandra Mancino
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to explain how the presence of entrepreneurs' specific subjective characteristics can influence a firm's strategic orientation and, as a consequence, local development. By analysing several subjective characteristics taken from a sample of 101 successful entrepreneurs from southern Italy, certain issues emerge regarding the link between the economic performance of the ventures launched in this area and the weak level of growth. The research approach makes use of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor conceptual model, which summarizes the major causal mechanisms affecting national economic growth.

scholarly journals Does Love Money Affect Vocational Behavior? Empirical Evidence from Italian Entrepreneurs

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Matricano ◽  
Mario Sorrentino
Keyword(s):  
Financial Resources ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Entrepreneurial Firms ◽  
Logit Models ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Vocational Behavior ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The present paper aims to investigate the relevance that love money – i.e. financial resources provided by family, friends, and fools – can have on vocational behavior, standing for personal goals that are occupational in nature. In particular, the relationship between the above-cited financial resources and “core goals” (i.e. the survival of entrepreneurial firms) is tested by leveraging on second-hand data about Italian entrepreneurs retrieved from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor – GEM website and referring to the years 2012-2014 and by applying estimated Logit models. Achieved results show that financial resources provided by fools do not affect the survival of entrepreneurial firms. On the contrary, financial resources provided by family and friends do it. Noticeably, the impact of financial resources provided by family or by friends varies in terms of intensity and according to entrepreneurial profiles, in particular to gender and age. After highlighting the main limitations of this paper, some hints for further research are proposed in the last part of the paper.

scholarly journals Measuring Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Eco-Innovation: A Methodological Proposal for the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4056
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azam Roomi ◽  
José Manuel Saiz-Alvarez ◽  
Alicia Coduras
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Sustainable Entrepreneurship ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Relationship

After the UN’s adoption of 17 Sustainable Development Goals in 2015, it became clear that the relationship between sustainability and entrepreneurship was an area for re-examination. Traditional measures of entrepreneurial success rested largely on economic indicators; observatories like the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) extended them, including cultural and social indicators. There is now a real need to measure and analyze the relationship between sustainable entrepreneurship and eco-innovation and drive positive economic activity outcomes, sustainable development, and social welfare. For GEM’s consideration, this paper proposes a reimagined tool by which to measure sustainable entrepreneurship and eco-innovation in businesses and assess their level of alignment with UN SDGs. Specifically, it presents a new measurement method, incorporating, but simplifying, a complex range of variables, which can be crystallized into a set of items (questions) to determine businesses’ commitment to entrepreneurship sustainability—social, economic, and environmental. The results can be cross-referenced with other relevant variables, and indicators proposed by the UN, to determine what causal or explanatory relationships might or might not exist. The proposal represents a valuable extension to existing data gathering tools, and will be of use to researchers and practitioners in the field of entrepreneurship—especially as its sustainability credentials and environmental impact are in the spotlight.

scholarly journals Exploring Personal and Contextual Variables of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor through the Rasch Mathematical Model

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 1838
Author(s):  
José Alberto Martínez-González ◽  
Urszula Kobylinska ◽  
Desiderio Gutiérrez-Taño
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Valuable Alternative ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Gem Data

This article studies the variables of entrepreneurship at the regional (countries) level proposed by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) in its periodic global reports. This response to the suggestions and concerns of various authors is related to the need to analyze the theoretical foundation of the variables used by GEM. The validity and reliability of GEM data for the scientific study of entrepreneurship are also analyzed. Finally, the potential of GEM data to manage entrepreneurship variables at the country level is studied. Data from the GEM global report and the fifty countries for which data are available on all variables are used in the study. The methodology used is the Rasch mathematical model, a valuable alternative to the Classical Theory of the Test. The results confirm the theoretical validity of GEM data, its validity and reliability for the development of scientific studies, and its potential for managing entrepreneurship variables at the country level. Both the methodology used and the conclusions obtained constitute novel contributions to this field.

Corporate Entrepreneurship as a Tool for Organizational Improvement

2018 ◽  
pp. 317-341
Author(s):  
Ricardo Prada-Ospina
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Organizational Improvement ◽  
Metalworking Industry ◽  
New Business ◽  
Automotive Parts ◽  
Auto Parts ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Relationship

Auto parts companies are an integral part of the automobile sector, which constitutes an important economic item within the metalworking industry. Its goal is to carry out productive work by integrating the largest possible number of automotive parts and national added value pieces. Corporate entrepreneurship, studied at both the academic and business levels, tries to generate new business schemes or the creation of new companies from the efficient use of available resources and the recognition of opportunities for the improvement and innovation of companies. This chapter shows how corporate entrepreneurship should be a key tool in auto parts organizational improvement. In order to deepen the understanding of the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and auto parts companies, the study is complemented by the results obtained in the report of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) of Colombia.

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Program: Development, Focus, and Impact

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Business Creation ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Gem Data ◽  
Cross National

In the late 1990s, there was considerable interest in national differences in entrepreneurial activity. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) research program was developed to provide harmonized, cross-national measures of participation in business creation; business creation was considered a critical aspect of entrepreneurship. This information was considered important for understanding the national characteristics associated with business creation and its subsequent impact on economic growth. The initial effort involved 10 countries in 1999. By 2014 Adult Population Surveys (APS) had been completed 705 times in 104 countries and with six special samples; this involved 2.3 million individual interviews. While there have been changes in the administrative structure and the focus of the annual global reports, the most significant data collection procedures have been stable since 2002. The GEM APS data sets are currently the only harmonized cross-national comparisons of business creation and business ownership. Designed to provide estimates of the prevalence of both business creation and existing firms, they also allow estimates of the total number of business ventures. GEM data sets are publically available three years after completion, providing a unique resource for assessing factors affecting business creation and its subsequent role in economic growth. Systematic assessments by national experts in participating countries provide measures of the national entrepreneurial framework conditions, complementing a variety of established measures of national economic and political characteristics. There are three distinct features that characterize the GEM initiative: the unique organizational structure, the global reports summarizing annual assessments of entrepreneurial activity, and data sets assembled and made available for public use. The initial organizational structure, a collaborative arrangement among national teams, was replaced by membership in the Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (GERA) in 2004. The annual global reports emphasize comparisons among member countries, the annual national reports the country-specific situations. Both are designed to facilitate reality-based public policy. Data collection for the APS provides harmonized comparisons of business creation across countries and within-country time series. The APS data has made clear the substantial variation among countries, by a factor of 10; that national levels of participation are very stable over time; that business creation is much more prevalent in poorer countries; that all segments of society are active in business creation; and that business creation is an important catalyst for the processes that lead to economic growth. The National Expert Survey (NES) questionnaire data provides information about the nature of the entrepreneurial framework in the GEN countries. There is much to be learned about the relationships between national context, entrepreneurship, and economic growth. The unique information in the GEM data sets should continue to facilitate improved understanding of this important phenomenon.

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