scholarly journals How (Un)sustainable Environments Are Related to the Diffusion of COVID-19: The Relation between Coronavirus Disease 2019, Air Pollution, Wind Resource and Energy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9709
Author(s):  
Mario Coccia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
High Wind ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The pandemic caused by novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is generating a high number of cases and deaths, with negative effects on public health and economic systems. One of the current questions in the contemporary environmental and sustainability debate is how high air pollution and reduced use of renewable energy can affect the diffusion of COVID-19. This study endeavors to explain the relation between days of air pollution, wind resources and energy, and the diffusion of COVID-19 to provide insights into sustainable policy to prevent future epidemics. The statistical analysis here focuses on a case study of Italy, one of the first countries to experience a rapid increase in confirmed cases and deaths. The results reveal two main findings: (1) cities with high wind speed and high wind energy production have a lower number of cases of COVID-19 in the context of a more sustainable environment; (2) cities located in hinterland zones with high air pollution, low wind speed and less wind energy production have a greater number of cases and total deaths. The results presented here suggest that the pandemic caused by novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and future epidemics similar to COVID-19 cannot be solved only with research in medicine but the solution also needs advanced capabilities and technologies for supporting sustainable development based on the reduction of air pollution and increase of production in renewable energy to improve air quality and as a consequence public health.

scholarly journals A Techno-Economic Model for Wind Energy Costs Analysis for Low Wind Speed Areas

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehinde A. Adeyeye ◽  
Nelson Ijumba ◽  
Jonathan S. Colton
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Ferris Wheel

The global population is moving away from fossil fuel technologies due to their many disadvantages, such as air pollution, greenhouse gases emission, global warming, acid rain, health problems, and high costs. These disadvantages make fossil fuels unsustainable. As a result, renewable energy is becoming more attractive due to its steadily decreasing costs. Harnessing renewable energy promises to meet the present energy demands of the African continent. The enormous renewable energy potential available across the African continent remains largely untapped, especially for wind energy. However, marginal and fair wind speeds and power densities characterize African wind energy resulting in low and unsustainable power in many areas. This research develops a techno-economic model for wind energy cost analysis for a novel, Ferris wheel-based wind turbine. The model is used to techno-economically analyze the siting of wind turbine sites in low wind speed areas on the African continent. The wind turbine’s technical performance is characterized by calculating the annual energy production and the capacity factor using the wind Weibull probability distribution of the cities and theoretical power curve of the wind turbine. Its economic performance is evaluated using annualized financial return on investment, simple payback period, and levelized cost of electricity. The techno-economic model is validated for 21 African cities and shows that the Ferris wheel-based design is very competitive with four current, commercial wind turbines, as well as with other sources of energy. Hence, the new wind turbine may help provide the economical, clean, renewable energy that Africa needs.

A methodology for improving wind energy production in low wind speed regions, with a case study application in Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 89-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Salam Darwish ◽  
Sabry Shaaban ◽  
Erika Marsillac ◽  
Nazar Muneam Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Study Application

scholarly journals Practical electrical energy production to solve the shortage in electricity in Palestine and Pay Back period

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 4610
Author(s):  
Ahmed S A Badawi ◽  
Nurul Fadzlin Hasbullah ◽  
Siti Yusoff ◽  
Aisha Hashim ◽  
Mohammed Elamassie
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Electrical Energy Production

In this paper power energy had been estimated based on actual wind speed records in a coastal city in Palestine Ashdod. The main aims of this study to determine the feasibility of wind turbine and to estimate payback period. Therefore, to encourage investment in renewable energy in Palestine. The daily average wind speed data had been analyzed and fitted to the Weibull probability distribution function. The parameters of Weibull had been calculated by author using Graphical method the applied example wind turbine is 5kw wind turbine generator this is suitable turbine for small scale based on wind speed records on the coastal plain of Palestine. This study calculated the energy that can produce from wind turbine to estimate the revenue of any possible project in wind energy conversion system based on unit area. Energy has been calculated wind energy using two different method based on Weibull data and measured data. The total amount of energy for 2010 is 10749.8 kw.hr/m2 based on measured wind speed. Payback period for the project in wind energy turbines is around 3 years which make the generation electricity possible for small scale but not commercial. This study will lead to assess the wind energy production in Palestine to encourage investment in renewable energy sectors.

scholarly journals Effects of Air Pollution on COVID-19 and Public Health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Coccia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
The World

Abstract The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), generate by a novel virus SARS-CoV-2, is rapidly spreading all over the world, generating a high number of deaths. One of the current questions in the field of environmental science is to explain the relationships determining the diffusion of COVID-19 in specific regions of countries. The research here focuses on case study of Italy, one of the countries in the World to experience a rapid increase in confirmed cases and deaths. Results suggest that diffusion of COVID-19 is very high in cities with high air pollution generating severe negative effects on public health o. In particular, results reveal that, among Italian provincial capitals, the number of infected people was higher in cities with more than 100 days per year exceeding limits set for PM10 or ozone, cities located in hinterland zones (i.e. away from the coast), cities having a low average intensity of wind speed and cities with a lower temperature. In hinterland cities (mostly those bordering large urban conurbations) with a high number of days exceeding PM10 and ozone limits, coupled with low wind speed (atmospheric stability), the average number of infected people in April 2020 more than tripled those that had less than 100 days of excessive air pollution. In fact, results show that more than 75% of infected individuals and about 81% of deaths in Italy of COVID-19 are in regions with high air pollution. This study must conclude that a long-run strategy to constrain future epidemics similar to the COVID-19, reducing the negative impact on public health has also to be designed in terms of environmental and sustainability policies and not only in terms of efficient approaches in medicine.

Autonomous energy supply based on the wind-energy complex and hydrogen energy storage

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
S. I. Nefedkin ◽  
A. O. Barsukov ◽  
M. I. Mozgova ◽  
M. S. Shichkov ◽  
M. A. Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
High Wind ◽  
Wind Generators ◽  
Weak Wind

The paper proposes an alternative scheme of guaranteed electricity and heat supply of an energy-insulated facility with a high potential of wind energy without the use of imported or local fuel. The scheme represents a wind power complex containing the park of wind generators located at the points with high wind potential. The wind generators provide guaranteed power supply even in periods of weak wind. For heat supply of the consumer, all surplus of the electric power goes on thermoelectric heating of water in tanks of accumulators, and also on receiving hydrogen by a method of electrolysis of water. The current heat supply is carried out with the use of hot water storage tanks, and the heat supply during the heat shortage is carried out by burning the stored hydrogen in condensing hydrogen boilers. We have developed the algorithm of calculation and the program "Wind in energy" which allows calculating annual balance of energy and picking up necessary quantity of the equipment for implementation of the scheme proceeding from the annual schedule of thermal and electric loading, and also potential of wind energy in the chosen region. The calculation-substantiation of the scheme proposed in relation to the real energy-insulated object Ust-Kamchatsk (Kamchatka) is carried out. The equipment for the implementation of an alternative energy supply scheme without the use of imported fuel is selected and compared with the traditional energy supply scheme based on a diesel power plant and a boiler house operating on imported fuel. With the introduction of an alternative power supply scheme, the equipment of the traditional scheme that has exhausted its resource can be used for backup power supply. Using climate databases, a number of energy-insulated facilities in the North and East of Russia with high wind energy potential are considered and the conditions for the successful implementation of the energy supply scheme are analyzed. This requires not only a high average annual wind speed, but also a minimum number of days of weak wind. In addition, it is necessary that the profile of the wind speed distribution in the annual section coincides with the profile of the heat load consumption.

Two mechanisms for accelerated diffusion of COVID-19 outbreaks in regions with high intensity of population and polluting industrialization: the air pollution-to-human and human-to-human transmission dynamics (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Coccia
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Meteorological Condition ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Viral Infectivity ◽  
Low Wind Speed

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is viral infection that generates a severe acute respiratory syndrome with serious pneumonia that may result in progressive respiratory failure and death. OBJECTIVE This study has two goals. The first is to explain the main factors determining the diffusion of COVID-19 that is generating a high level of deaths. The second is to suggest a strategy to cope with future epidemic threats with of accelerated viral infectivity in society. METHODS Correlation and regression analyses on on data of N=55 Italian province capitals, and data of infected individuals at as of April 2020. RESULTS The main results are: o The accelerate and vast diffusion of COVID-19 in North Italy has a high association with air pollution. o Hinterland cities have average days of exceeding the limits set for PM10 (particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter) equal to 80 days, and an average number of infected more than 2,000 individuals as of April 1st, 2020, coastal cities have days of exceeding the limits set for PM10 equal to 60 days and have about 700 infected in average. o Cities that average number of 125 days exceeding the limits set for PM10, last year, they have an average number of infected individual higher than 3,200 units, whereas cities having less than 100 days (average number of 48 days) exceeding the limits set for PM10, they have an average number of about 900 infected individuals. o The results reveal that accelerated transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in specific environments is due to two mechanisms given by: air pollution-to-human transmission and human-to-human transmission; in particular, the mechanisms of air pollution-to-human transmission play a critical role rather than human-to-human transmission. o The finding here suggests that to minimize future epidemic similar to COVID-19, the max number of days per year in which cities can exceed the limits set for PM10 or for ozone, considering their meteorological condition, is less than 50 days. After this critical threshold, the analytical output here suggests that environmental inconsistencies because of the combination between air pollution and meteorological conditions (with high moisture%, low wind speed and fog) trigger a take-off of viral infectivity (accelerated epidemic diffusion) with damages for health of population, economy and society. CONCLUSIONS Considering the complex interaction between air pollution, meteorological conditions and biological characteristics of viral infectivity, lessons learned for COVID-19 have to be applied for a proactive socioeconomic strategy to cope with future epidemics, especially an environmental policy based on reduction of air pollution mainly in hinterland zones of countries, having low wind speed, high percentage of moisture and fog that create an environment that can damage immune system of people and foster a fast transmission of viral infectivity similar to the COVID-19. CLINICALTRIAL not applicable

Creating the Wind Energy for Operating the 3-C-Section Blades Wind Car

2012 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 1188-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Çamur ◽  
Youssef Kassem
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Drag Force ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Main Shaft ◽  
Airflow Velocity ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Low Wind Speed

The purpose of this work is to determine the drag characteristics and the torque of three C-section blades wind car. Three C-section blades are directly connected to wheels by using of various kinds of links. Gears are used to convert the wind energy to mechanical energy to overcome the load exercised on the main shaft under low speed. Previous work on three vertical blades wind car resulted in discrepancies when compared to this work. Investigating these differences was the motivation for this series of work. The calculated values were compared to the data of three vertical blades wind car. The work was conducted in a low wind speed. The drag force acting on each model was calculated with an airflow velocity of 4 m/s and angular velocity of the blade of 13.056 rad/s.

Calculation of Weibull Distribution parameters at low wind speed and performance analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Yusuf Alper Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Weibull Distribution ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Statistical Indicator ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Wind Energy Potential ◽  
And Performance

In this study, the compatibility of the real wind energy potential to the estimated wind energy potential by Weibull Distribution Function (WDF) of a region with low average wind speed potential was examined. The main purpose of this study is to examine the performance of six different methods used to find the coefficients of the WDF and to determine the best performing method for selected region. In this study seven-year hourly wind speed data obtained from the general directorate of meteorology of this region was used. The root mean square error (RMSE) statistical indicator was used to compare the efficiency of all used methods. Another main purpose of this study is to observe the how the performance of the used methods changes over the years. The obtained results showed that the performances of the used methods showed slight changes over the years, but when evaluated in general, it was observed that all method showed acceptable performance. Based on the obtained results, when the seven-year data is evaluated in this selected region, it can be said that the MM method shows the best performance.

scholarly journals Lidar arc scan uncertainty reduction through scanning geometry optimization

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1653-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Rebecca J. Barthelmie ◽  
Sara C. Pryor ◽  
Gareth. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Turbulence Intensity ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Relative Standard Error ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Relative Standard

Abstract. Doppler lidars are frequently operated in a mode referred to as arc scans, wherein the lidar beam scans across a sector with a fixed elevation angle and the resulting measurements are used to derive an estimate of the n minute horizontal mean wind velocity (speed and direction). Previous studies have shown that the uncertainty in the measured wind speed originates from turbulent wind fluctuations and depends on the scan geometry (the arc span and the arc orientation). This paper is designed to provide guidance on optimal scan geometries for two key applications in the wind energy industry: wind turbine power performance analysis and annual energy production prediction. We present a quantitative analysis of the retrieved wind speed uncertainty derived using a theoretical model with the assumption of isotropic and frozen turbulence, and observations from three sites that are onshore with flat terrain, onshore with complex terrain and offshore, respectively. The results from both the theoretical model and observations show that the uncertainty is scaled with the turbulence intensity such that the relative standard error on the 10 min mean wind speed is about 30 % of the turbulence intensity. The uncertainty in both retrieved wind speeds and derived wind energy production estimates can be reduced by aligning lidar beams with the dominant wind direction, increasing the arc span and lowering the number of beams per arc scan. Large arc spans should be used at sites with high turbulence intensity and/or large wind direction variation.

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