scholarly journals Efficient Operation of the Hybrid Power System Using an Optimal Fueling Strategy and Control of the Fuel Cell Power Based on the Required Power Tracking Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9690
Author(s):  
Nicu Bizon ◽  
Phatiphat Thounthong ◽  
Damien Guilbert
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Tracking Control ◽  
Load Cycle ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Feed Forward Control ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
And Control ◽  
Reference Strategy

In this paper, four fuel economy strategies using power tracking control of the fuel cell boost converter and fuel cell optimization through the control of the fueling regulators were analyzed. The performance and safe operation in conditions of load disturbances and variations of renewable energy were considered. A benchmark strategy was used as a well-known strategy, which was based on the static feed-forward control of the fueling regulators. One of the four strategies is new and was based on switching the optimization reference to air and fuel regulators based on a threshold of the required power from the fuel cell system. The advantages of using the power tracking control and the optimization based on two variables instead of one are highlighted in sizing the battery capacity and its lifetime, and obtaining fuel economy respectively. The percentages of fuel economy for the analyzed strategies compared to the reference strategy are between 2.83% and 4.36%, and between 7.69% and 12.94%, in the case of a dynamic load cycle with an average of 5 kW and 2.5 kW, respectively.

Performance of the Fuel Economy Strategies for Fuel Cell Systems under Power Tracking Control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicu Bizon ◽  
Mihai Oproescu ◽  
Elena Carcadea ◽  
Mircea Raceanu ◽  
Maria Simona Raboaca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Tracking Control ◽  
Cell Systems

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System Identification and Control: Part I — System Dynamics, Modeling and Identification

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee-Pien Yang ◽  
Fu-Cheng Wang ◽  
Hsin-Ping Chang ◽  
Ying-Wei Ma ◽  
Chih-Wei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
System Identification ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
And Control ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Auxiliary Input

This paper consists of two parts to address a systematic method of system identification and control of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. This fuel cell is used for communication devices of small power, involving complex electrochemical reactions of nonlinear and time-varying dynamic properties. From a system point of view, the dynamic model of PEM fuel cell is reduced to a configuration of two inputs, hydrogen and air flow rates, and two outputs, cell voltage and current. The corresponding transfer functions describe linearized subsystem dynamics with finite orders and time-varying parameters, which are expressed as discrete-time auto-regression moving-average with auxiliary input models for system identification by the recursive least square algorithm. In experiments, a pseudo random binary sequence of hydrogen or air flow rate is fed to a single fuel cell device to excite its dynamics. By measuring the corresponding output signals, each subsystem transfer function of reduced order is identified, while the unmodeled, higher-order dynamics and disturbances are described by the auxiliary input term. This provides a basis of adaptive control strategy to improve the fuel cell performance in terms of efficiency, transient and steady state specifications. Simulation shows the adaptive controller is robust to the variation of fuel cell system dynamics.

scholarly journals Renewable/Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System Operation Using Two Search Controllers of the Optimal Power Needed on the DC Bus

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6111
Author(s):  
Nicu Bizon ◽  
Mircea Raceanu ◽  
Emmanouel Koudoumas ◽  
Adriana Marinoiu ◽  
Emmanuel Karapidakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power System ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Dc Bus

In this paper, the optimal and safe operation of a hybrid power system based on a fuel cell system and renewable energy sources is analyzed. The needed DC power resulting from the power flow balance on the DC bus is ensured by the FC system via the air regulator or the fuel regulator controlled by the power-tracking control reference or both regulators using a switched mode of the above-mentioned reference. The optimal operation of a fuel cell system is ensured by a search for the maximum of multicriteria-based optimization functions focused on fuel economy under perturbation, such as variable renewable energy and dynamic load on the DC bus. Two search controllers based on the global extremum seeking scheme are involved in this search via the remaining fueling regulator and the boost DC–DC converter. Thus, the fuel economy strategies based on the control of the air regulator and the fuel regulator, respectively, on the control of both fueling regulators are analyzed in this study. The fuel savings compared to fuel consumed using the static feed-forward control are 6.63%, 4.36% and 13.72%, respectively, under dynamic load but without renewable power. With renewable power, the needed fuel cell power on the DC bus is lower, so the fuel cell system operates more efficiently. These percentages are increased to 7.28%, 4.94% and 14.97%.

Dynamic Analysis and Control of a Planar IT-SOFC System

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Salogni ◽  
P. Iora ◽  
S. Campanari
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Internal Reforming ◽  
Internal Cell ◽  
Layer Region ◽  
Air Channels ◽  
And Control

This paper analyzes the dynamic behaviour of a 5 kW fuel cell system based on planar co-flow Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFC) stack, with internal reforming. The system is composed by the SOFC stack, a combustor of the cell exhausts, two heat exchangers for fuel and air preheating and the related control valves, where the air temperature at the stack exit and the fuel utilization is controlled by means of a PI (proportional integral) device. The model of the stack is based on a lumped parameters dynamic model of a single cell, which is composed of the fuel and air channels, the electrochemically active three layer region representative of the anode, the cathode and the electrolyte. The stack model is first used here for a qualitative steady-state validation, reproducing the cell characteristic curve. Then it is presented the dynamic model of the system, which has been implemented using an a-causal software based on the open-source Modelica modelling language, which allows for future integration in complex power-plant configurations. After a description of the plant layout and of the dynamic model, we present and discuss the results obtained by applying the PI controls to different load changes and with different tuning of the controller parameters, evidencing the amplitudes of load changes, the extent of the transient phase to the new steady-state conditions, the internal cell temperature distribution and the thermal gradients along the PEN structure, giving the possibilities to adapt the control system to the requirements of specific SOFC technologies.

Feed-forward control of a solid oxide fuel cell system with anode offgas recycle

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 498-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Carré ◽  
Ralf Brandenburger ◽  
Wolfgang Friede ◽  
François Lapicque ◽  
Uwe Limbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Feed Forward ◽  
Feed Forward Control
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