scholarly journals Assessing Landscape Fragmentation: A Composite Indicator

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9632
Author(s):  
Andrea De Montis ◽  
Vittorio Serra ◽  
Amedeo Ganciu ◽  
Antonio Ledda
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Algorithm Design ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Composite Indicator ◽  
Weighted Version ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Patch Density

The assessment and management of landscape fragmentation (LF), i.e., the subdivision of the habitat into smaller and more isolated patches, can benefit from the adoption of a composite indicator explaining, in a unique measure, the various concerns involved. However, the use of composite indicators may be affected by lack of data, subjectivity in algorithm design, and oversimplification connected to reduction to just one index. In these cases, the findings obtained might not provide the researcher with reliable information. In this paper, we design and apply the Composite Indicator of Landscape Fragmentation (CILF), a metric resuming three indicators concerning the effect on LF of transport and mobility infrastructures, human settlements, and patch density per se. The application concerns the measurement of LF spatial pattern and dynamics from 2003 to 2008 of 51 landscape units in the island of Sardinia (Italy). We considered a complete spatial data set, chose the generalized geometric mean as aggregation algorithm, and verified its robustness via sensitivity analysis of the results. We found that, in 2003 and 2008, the CILF spatial pattern shows higher values in coastal areas and has varied randomly, i.e., without a consistent tendency to converge to, or diverge from, a mean value. Overall, we demonstrate that the CILF is a powerful instrument for monitoring LF in Sardinia and advocate that it can be further implemented, following the same methodological framework, by extending the pool of indicators considered and assessing a weighted version of the composite indicator.

scholarly journals To Weight or Not to Weight, That Is the Question: The Design of a Composite Indicator of Landscape Fragmentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3208
Author(s):  
Andrea De Montis ◽  
Vittorio Serra ◽  
Giovanna Calia ◽  
Daniele Trogu ◽  
Antonio Ledda
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Expert Judgment ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Composite Indicator ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Composite indicators (CIs), i.e., combinations of many indicators in a unique synthetizing measure, are useful for disentangling multisector phenomena. Prominent questions concern indicators’ weighting, which implies time-consuming activities and should be properly justified. Landscape fragmentation (LF), the subdivision of habitats in smaller and more isolated patches, has been studied through the composite index of landscape fragmentation (CILF). It was originally proposed by us as an unweighted combination of three LF indicators for the study of the phenomenon in Sardinia, Italy. In this paper, we aim at presenting a weighted release of the CILF and at developing the Hamletian question of whether weighting is worthwhile or not. We focus on the sensitivity of the composite to different algorithms combining three weighting patterns (equalization, extraction by principal component analysis, and expert judgment) and three indicators aggregation rules (weighted average mean, weighted geometric mean, and weighted generalized geometric mean). The exercise provides the reader with meaningful results. Higher sensitivity values signal that the effort of weighting leads to more informative composites. Otherwise, high robustness does not mean that weighting was not worthwhile. Weighting per se can be beneficial for more acceptable and viable decisional processes.

Temporal and Spatial Pattern of a Privet (Ligustrum vulgare) Invasion

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanying Zhao ◽  
Charles Goebel ◽  
John Cardina
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
Cumulative Number

AbstractPrivet has escaped from cultivation and is invading natural areas throughout eastern North America. Understanding the pattern of invasion over time could help us develop more efficient management strategies. We studied the invasion history and spatial distribution pattern of privet by mapping age and spatial data for established patches in a 132-ha (326 ac) forested natural area in northeast Ohio. We determined the age of 331 geo-referenced patches by counting annual rings, and mapped them with corresponding land habitat. Age distribution and cumulative number of privet patches over about 40 yr showed three phases of invasion. The initial 19-yr lag phase was characterized as a dispersed spatial pattern (based on nearest neighbor analysis), with patches located mostly at edges of different habitats and open places. In a second phase of about 15 yr, an average of 19 patches were initiated yearly, in a pattern that trended towards clustered. The final phase began around 2007, as the rate of new patch establishment declined, possibly because of saturation of the suitable habitat. Establishment of new patches was not associated with specific habitats. Aggregation of patches with similar ages increased after 1998 and became significantly clustered. Mapping of clusters of old and young patches identified invasion hot spots and barriers. Results affirmed that the best time for invasive control is during the lag phase. By monitoring edge habitats associated with early establishment, managers might detect and control early invaders and delay the onset of the expansion phase.

scholarly journals Spatial pattern and genetic diversity estimates are linked in stochastic models of population differentiation

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alexandre Felizola Diniz-Filho ◽  
Mariana Pires de Campos Telles
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Stochastic Models ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Population Heterogeneity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mantel’S Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diversity Estimates

In the present study, we used both simulations and real data set analyses to show that, under stochastic processes of population differentiation, the concepts of spatial heterogeneity and spatial pattern overlap. In these processes, the proportion of variation among and within a population (measured by G ST and 1 - G ST, respectively) is correlated with the slope and intercept of a Mantel's test relating genetic and geographic distances. Beyond the conceptual interest, the inspection of the relationship between population heterogeneity and spatial pattern can be used to test departures from stochasticity in the study of population differentiation.

scholarly journals THE CULTURAL HERITAGE SPATIAL DATA SET OF KLAIPĖDA OLD TOWN / SAUGOMŲ KLAIPĖDOS SENAMIESČIO OBJEKTŲ ERDVINIŲ DUOMENŲ RINKINYS / НАБОР ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫХ ДАННЫХ ОХРАНЯЕМЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ СТАРОГО ГОРОДА КЛАЙПЕДЫ

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-176
Author(s):  
Lina Kuklienė ◽  
Dainora Jankauskienė ◽  
Indrius Kuklys
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Cultural Heritage Management ◽  
Input Devices ◽  
Relevant Point ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects

The purpose of the thesis is to analyze the main geodetic databases of Lithuania and to create a geodetic database of cultural heritage objects in Klaipėda using program ArcGIS 9.3. The problem is that the geodetic database storing graphical and attributive information about cultural heritage in Klaipeda city has not been created yet. Thus, in order to incorporate GIS technologies into the management of cultural heritage, starting the creation of such a database seems to be a relevant point. The fully completed and regularly updated geodetic database can be used for cultural heritage management, planning, design, road construction, etc. Therefore, the following objectives have been set: 1) describing geo-data collection and input devices; 2) stimulating the geodetic database that introduces information about buildings, building complexes, cemeteries, locations of archaeological and cultural heritage; 3) giving a detailed description of the database creation process; 4) analyzing the need for establishing a geodetic database of cultural heritage objects in Klaipėda. Santrauka Lietuvoje GIS pagrindu sukurta daug įvairiems tikslams skirtų georeferencinių bei teminių erdvinių duomenų rinkinių. Viena iš šių rinkinių panaudojimo sričių – valstybės registruose esančių duomenų kaupimas. Tokiu principu yra sukurta Kultūros vertybių registro duomenų bazė, kurios pagrindiniai duomenys buvo panaudoti kuriant Klaipėdos miesto kultūros paveldo objektų erdvinių duomenų rinkinį. Siekiant kuo operatyviau įtraukti GIS technologijas į kultūros paveldo objektų tvarkybą, aktualu Klaipėdoje pradėti kurti kultūros paveldo objektų erdvinių duomenų rinkinį. Nuolat atnaujinamas erdvinių duomenų rinkinys palengvins įvairių sričių specialistų atliekamus kultūros paveldo objektų administravimo, teritorijų planavimo, projektavimo, kelių tiesimo ir kitus darbus. Резюме В Литве на основе ГИС для различных целей создано множество гео-ссылок, а также тематических наборов пространственных данных. Область использования одного из множеств – сбор данных, имеющихся в государственном учете. По такому принципу создана регистрационная база культурных ценностей, основные данные которой были использованы при создании набора пространственных данных объектов культурного наследия города Клайпеды. С целью оперативно обеспечить управление объектами культурного наследия технологиями ГИС следует начать создание набора пространственных данных объектов культурного наследия в Клайпеде. Полностью заполненный и постоянно обновляемый набор пространственных данных облегчит работу специалистов в различных областях: администрировании объектов культурного наследия, планировании территорий, проектировании, строительстве дорог и других.

scholarly journals Fluconazole MIC and the Fluconazole Dose/MIC Ratio Correlate with Therapeutic Response among Patients with Candidemia

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 3171-3177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius J. Clancy ◽  
Victor L. Yu ◽  
Arthur J. Morris ◽  
David R. Snydman ◽  
M. Hong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Therapeutic Failure ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Data Set ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT We tested 32 Candida isolates recovered in the early 1990s from the bloodstreams of patients with candidemia for in vitro susceptibility to fluconazole and determined if MIC and/or the daily dose of fluconazole/MIC ratio correlated with the response to therapy. This is a unique data set since 87.5% (28/32) of patients were treated with fluconazole doses now considered to be inadequate (≤200 mg), which contributed to high therapeutic failure rates (53% [17/32]). The geometric mean MIC and dose/MIC ratio for isolates associated with therapeutic failure (11.55 μg/ml and 14.3, respectively) differed significantly from values associated with therapeutic success (0.95 μg/ml and 219.36 [P = 0.0009 and 0.0004, respectively]). The therapeutic success rates among patients infected with susceptible (MIC ≤ 8 μg/ml), susceptible-dose dependent (S-DD) (MIC = 16 or 32 μg/ml), and resistant (MIC ≥ 64 μg/ml) isolates were 67% (14/21), 20% (1/5), and 0% (0/6), respectively. A dose/MIC ratio >50 was associated with a success rate of 74% (14/19), compared to 8% (1/13) for a dose/MIC ratio ≤50 (P = 0.0003). Our data suggest that both fluconazole MIC and dose/MIC ratio correlate with the therapeutic response to fluconazole among patients with candidemia. In clinical practice, dose/MIC ratio might prove easier to interpret than breakpoint MICs, since it quantitates the effects of increasing fluconazole doses that are alluded to in the S-DD designation.

scholarly journals Leveraging Road Characteristics and Contributor Behaviour for Assessing Road Type Quality in OSM

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Amerah Alghanim ◽  
Musfira Jilani ◽  
Michela Bertolotto ◽  
Gavin McArdle
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Semantic Inference ◽  
Road Type ◽  
The Impact

Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) is often collected by non-expert users. This raises concerns about the quality and veracity of such data. There has been much effort to understand and quantify the quality of VGI. Extrinsic measures which compare VGI to authoritative data sources such as National Mapping Agencies are common but the cost and slow update frequency of such data hinder the task. On the other hand, intrinsic measures which compare the data to heuristics or models built from the VGI data are becoming increasingly popular. Supervised machine learning techniques are particularly suitable for intrinsic measures of quality where they can infer and predict the properties of spatial data. In this article we are interested in assessing the quality of semantic information, such as the road type, associated with data in OpenStreetMap (OSM). We have developed a machine learning approach which utilises new intrinsic input features collected from the VGI dataset. Specifically, using our proposed novel approach we obtained an average classification accuracy of 84.12%. This result outperforms existing techniques on the same semantic inference task. The trustworthiness of the data used for developing and training machine learning models is important. To address this issue we have also developed a new measure for this using direct and indirect characteristics of OSM data such as its edit history along with an assessment of the users who contributed the data. An evaluation of the impact of data determined to be trustworthy within the machine learning model shows that the trusted data collected with the new approach improves the prediction accuracy of our machine learning technique. Specifically, our results demonstrate that the classification accuracy of our developed model is 87.75% when applied to a trusted dataset and 57.98% when applied to an untrusted dataset. Consequently, such results can be used to assess the quality of OSM and suggest improvements to the data set.

scholarly journals Procedural Revision to the AOAC Germicidal Spray Products as Disinfectants Test Method: Establishment of Minimum and Maximum Log Density Values for Test Microbes on Inoculated Carriers

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M Pines ◽  
Stephen F Tomasino ◽  
Michele P Cottrill ◽  
Gordon C Hamilton ◽  
Albert E Parker
Keyword(s):  
Count Data ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Label Claim ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Microbe

Abstract The AOAC Germicidal Spray Products as Disinfectants test method (AOAC Official Method 961.02) is used to measure the efficacy of spray products on hard inanimate surfaces; however, the method does not provide procedures to determine the population of the test microbe on inoculated glass slide carriers (e.g., carrier counts reported as CFU/carrier). Without a method to measure and monitor carrier counts, the associated efficacy data may not be reliable and repeatable. This report provides a standardized procedure to address this issue and, based on carrier count data collected by four laboratories from 2000 to 2010, proposes a specific range for the mean log density per carrier as a requirement. Laboratory-based carrier count data were collected concurrently with 116 Method 961.02 efficacy tests conducted on spray products bearing claims against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. For many of the tests a soil load (SL) was added to the inoculum (as specified on the product label claim). Six carriers were assayed per test for a total of 696 carriers. All but two of the 116 mean log densities were at least 5.0 (a geometric mean of 1.0 × 105 CFU/carrier). Across the four combinations of microbes and SL treatments, the mean TestLD (mean log density across all enumerated carriers in a test) ranged from approximately 6.0 (a geometric mean of 0.9 × 106 CFU/carrier) to 6.3 (a geometric mean of 2.0 × 106 CFU/carrier). Across all microbes and SL treatments, the mean log density (±SEM) was 6.2 (±0.07) per carrier (a geometric mean of 1.5 × 106 CFU/carrier). The mean log density for six carriers per test showed good repeatability (0.32) and reproducibility (0.34). The proposed requirement for S. aureus tests and P. aeruginosa tests is a mean log density (across six carriers) between 5.0 and 6.5. A separate 2009 study at three laboratories was conducted to evaluate the persistence of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and Salmonella enterica on glass carriers. Based on the persistence data, a 2 h use period is proposed for using the inoculated carriers post drying. The persistence data set was also used to assess the carrier counts for S. enterica. The carrier counts were approximately one log lower for S. enterica compared to S. aureus and P. aeruginosa; a range of 4.0 to 5.5 logs is proposed as a requirement for S. enterica tests.

scholarly journals Analisis Alih Fungsi Lahan di Kabupaten Aceh Selatan

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-408
Author(s):  
Riski Yunianda ◽  
Syakur Syakur ◽  
Teti Arabia
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
Space Pattern ◽  
Agricultural Use

Abstrak. Seiring terjadinya penyimpangan penggunaan lahan sangat sering terjadi terhadap rencana tata ruang wilayah (RTRW). Daerah pinggiran kota merupakan wilayah yang banyak mengalami perubahan penggunaan lahan terutama perubahan penggunaan lahan pertanian menjadi non pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan penggunaan lahan pertanian di Kabupaten Aceh Selatan tahun 2013 dengan tahun 2017 dan menganalisis keselarasan penggunaan lahan pertanian eksisting tahun 2017 dengan pola ruang Kabupaten Aceh Selatan tahun 2013-2033. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan teknik survai. Sedangkan analisis data spasial menggunakan SIG dengan konsep extract, overlay dan intersect. Hasil kajian menunjukkan hasil koreksi pada pengunaan lahan pertanian tahun 2013 dengan tahun 2017 didapatlah luas penggunaan lahan pertanian yang telah beralih fungsi seluas 8.041,56 ha, yang mana pada lahan sawah seluas 3.680,30 ha dan pada pertanian lahan kering seluas 4.361,26 ha. Penggunaan lahan pertanian yang telah beralih fungsi tersebut telah menjadi berbagai macam penggunaan lahan lainnya yang tersebar di seluruh Kabupaten Aceh Selatan, penggunaan lahan pertanian yang selaras dengan rencana pola ruang memiliki luas 36.293,85 ha (91,30%), penggunaan lahan yang tidak selaras yaitu Penggunaan lahan eksisting tidak selaras dengan rencana pola ruang seluas 1.513,53 ha (3,81%), dan belum terlaksana atau belum terealisasi terhadap lahan pertanian yang direncanakan terhadap pola ruang atau masih dapat berubah sesuai dengan rencana pola ruang seluas 6.711,08  ha (14,44 %). Analysis of Functional Land Distribution of Agriculture in District Aceh SelatanAbstract. Absorption of deviation of land use is very frequent to spatial planning (RTRW). Suburban areas are areas that have undergone many changes in land use due to changes in agricultural land use to non-agricultural use. This research was conducted for 2013 with 2017 and analysis of existing agricultural land use in 2017 with South Aceh Regency spatial pattern year 2013-2033. The method used in this research is descriptive method with survey technique. While spatial data analysis using GIS concept with overlay and intersect concept. The results showed that agricultural land in 2013 with the year 2017 obtained the wide use of agricultural land that has a function conversion of 8,041.56 ha, which in the rice field area of 3,680.30 ha and on dry land of 4,361.26 ha. The use of converted agricultural land into various land uses scattered throughout the District of South Aceh, different use of agricultural land with plans of wide spatial pattern 36,29,85 ha (91,30%), land use that is not aligned Land use the existing is not aligned with the plan of the pattern of the space of 1,513.53 ha (3.81%), and has not been realized or not yet realized on agricultural land that allows the pattern of space can be changed in accordance with the Plan of Space Pattern covering 6,711,08 ha (14,44%).

Long-term variations of the oxygen red 630 nm line nightglow intensity

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
N B Gudadze ◽  
G G Didebulidze ◽  
G Sh. Javakhishvili ◽  
M G Shepherd ◽  
M V Vardosanidze
Keyword(s):  
Line Intensity ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Long Term Trend ◽  
Long Term Variations ◽  
Red Line

The long-term data set of total nightglow intensity of the oxygen red 630.0~nm line observed at Abastumani (41.8°N, 42.8°E) between 1957–1993 is investigated. The long-term trend and characteristic variations in solar radiation during an 11 year cycle of the red-line intensity are different after astronomical twilight (premidnight) and at midnight. The amplitude of deviation of the red-line intensity from its mean value at solar maximum and (or) minimum phase is greatest after astronomical twilight and decreases toward midnight. The long-term trend of these variations changes from its value about 0.74 R/year premidnight to its minimum negative value of about –1.92 R/year at and after midnight. This behavior of the long-term trend is considered as a possible result of an increase in electron density below the peak height (hmF2) of the ionospheric F2 layer and lowering of the height hmF2 after midnight predicted by the TIME-GCM model on the assumption of an increase in density of greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere. The third-order regression equation (with different solar activity indices) is considered to be convenient for describing long-term variations in the mean annual red-line intensity.PACS Nos.: 94.10.Rk, 94.20.Ji, 92.60.Vb

MEASUREMENT OF RADON SOIL GAS IN AND AROUND BHARATHINAGARA, MANDYA DISTRICT

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
T S Shashikumar ◽  
S Revanna ◽  
M N Ramachandra ◽  
G V Ashok ◽  
C Ningappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Soil Gas ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
The World

Abstract Radon activity concentration in soil gas has been studied in and around Bharathinagara, Mandya district (12° 13|| N and 77° 20|| E) using Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors with Twin cup dosimeter. The activity concentration of 222Rn in soil gas was studied at two depths. Radon in soil gas was found to increase with depth and decrease with increase in moisture content of the soil. Radon in soil gas was found to be higher in winter season which varies from 0.22 ± 0.01 to 1.31 ± 0.01 kBq/m3 with a Geometric mean value of 0.56 ± 0.01 kBq/m3 in 1 m depth and lower radon soil gas was found to be 0.16 ± 0.01 to 0.60 ± 0.01 kBq/m3 with a Geometric mean value of 0.30 ± 0.01 kBq/m3 in 0.5 m depth during summer season. The activity concentrations of radon soil gas from in and around Bharathinagara are lower compared to those in other parts of the world.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document