scholarly journals Landslide Risk Mapping in an Urban Area of the City of Natal, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9601
Author(s):  
Laddyla Bezerra ◽  
Osvaldo de Freitas Neto ◽  
Olavo Santos ◽  
Slobodan Mickovski
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Map Algebra ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Importance Weighting ◽  
Landslide Processes ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
The City

Landslides are part of the natural processes of Earth’s surface dynamic, which could be accelerated or triggered by anthropic interference. Inadequate occupation of areas highly susceptible to landslide processes is the principal cause of accidents on Brazilian urban slopes, especially those occupied by settlements and slums. In Natal, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil, the existence of areas with steep and densely occupied slopes makes the municipality susceptible to landslides. In this context, the present study aimed to map the risk of landslides in an urban area located in the city of Natal. Using the quali-quantitative model proposed by Faria (2011), adapted for the conditions of the study area, which applies a multicriteria analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to a Geographic Information System (GIS), 11 risk indicators were submitted to pairwise comparisons by 10 risk management specialists in order to determine the relative importance (weighting) for each of these factors as a function of their contribution to the risk. The weightings obtained were combined to produce the final risk map of the study area, using a map algebra framework. The results show the existence of a critical risk for the resident population, primarily related to the possibility of a landslide, with potentially negative economic, environmental, and mainly social impacts.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the snow-removal options in an urban area based on the preferences of inhabitants

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Miyakoshi ◽  
Shoji Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Open Channels ◽  
Snow Removal ◽  
The Road ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
The City ◽  
House Site

Basically there are three kinds of snow removal: mechanical snow removal (MSR), snow-thawing pipe systems (STP) and snow-conveying open channels (SCOC). This paper identifies inhabitants’ attitudes toward snow-removal options and quantitatively evaluates their preferences by applying the Analytical Hierarchy Process (ΑΗΡ) method. A hierarchy is specified separately for the road in front of a house and the site of a house. A case study carried out for citizens living in the city of Ojiya in Niigata reveals that the space available for walking is an important factor, and hence STP scores considerably higher than SCOC and MSR. For the evaluation of a house site, the frequency per season of removing snow from a roof is the most important factor. House designs for overcoming snow accumulation are also evaluated.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the snow-removal options in an urban area based on the preferences of inhabitants

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Miyakoshi ◽  
Shoji Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Open Channels ◽  
Snow Removal ◽  
The Road ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
The City ◽  
House Site

Basically there are three kinds of snow removal: mechanical snow removal (MSR), snow-thawing pipe systems (STP) and snow-conveying open channels (SCOC). This paper identifies inhabitants’ attitudes toward snow-removal options and quantitatively evaluates their preferences by applying the Analytical Hierarchy Process (ΑΗΡ) method. A hierarchy is specified separately for the road in front of a house and the site of a house. A case study carried out for citizens living in the city of Ojiya in Niigata reveals that the space available for walking is an important factor, and hence STP scores considerably higher than SCOC and MSR. For the evaluation of a house site, the frequency per season of removing snow from a roof is the most important factor. House designs for overcoming snow accumulation are also evaluated.

scholarly journals Susceptibilidade de poluição do solo e da água relacionados aos postos de combustíveis em área urbana / Susceptibility of soil and water pollution related to fuel stations in the urban area

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (55) ◽  
pp. 936-958
Author(s):  
César Henrique Valentino ◽  
Fábio Carnieto ◽  
Antônio Donizetti Gonçalves de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Map Algebra ◽  
Soil And Water Pollution ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Poços De Caldas ◽  
The City ◽  
Soil And Water

O presente estudo visou identificar as áreas susceptíveis à poluição do solo e da água referente aos postos de combustíveis na área urbana de Poços de Caldas (MG). O estudo possui grande importância para o município, pois este é bastante conhecido pela qualidade de suas águas e este tipo de análise gera o reconhecimento quanto a qualidade ambiental local do solo e água, identificando-se áreas com grande potencial poluidor. Realizou-se o levantamento da legislação ambiental pertinente aos postos de combustíveis, e levantou-se o cadastro dos postos de combustíveis na área urbana bem como suas coordenadas geográficas e por fim foi elaborado o mapa de susceptibilidade a poluição do solo e da água na área urbana do município por meio de uma álgebra de mapas em sistemas de informação geográfica utilizando-se a técnica de análise hierárquica ponderada. Com a realização do cadastro dos postos de combustíveis foi possível verificar como é tratado esse tipo de controle pela prefeitura da cidade. Como consequência do cadastramento dos postos de combustíveis obteve-se a criação de um banco de dados destes postos em Poços de Caldas, e por meio da sobreposição dos pontos dos postos de combustíveis verificou-se que estes em sua maioria encontram-se em áreas não tão adequadas a este tipo de atividade.Palavras-chave: Poluição. Solo. Água. Postos de combustíveis. Susceptibilidade à poluição.Abstract  The present study aimed to identify susceptible areas to soil and water pollution related to fuel stations in the urban area of Poços de Caldas–MG. The survey of data is very important for the city because this type of study is related to the quality of water. This type of analysis generates the recognition of the local environmental quality of the soil and water, which is identified areas with polluting potential. A survey of the environmental legislation pertinent to the fuel stations was carried out, and the register of the fuel stations in the urban area, as well as their geographic coordinates, was drawn up. Finally, a map of susceptibility to soil and water pollution was drawn up. Using urban areas of the city with map algebra and geographic information systems by the Analytic Hierarchy Process technique and the registration of the fuel stations, it was possible to verify how this type of control is handled by the city hall of Poços de Caldas. By the consequence of the registration of the fuel stations, a database of these stations was created in Poços de Caldas, and by the overlapping of the points of the fuel stations, it was found that the majority of these stations are located in areas not so appropriate for this type of activity.Keywords: Pollution. Soil. Water. Fuel stations. Susceptibility to pollution.

Study of Interior Materials as Passive Fire Protection in Karaoke Building (Case Study: Masterpiece Signature Family KTV Medan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Saras Ayu Faradita ◽  
Vinky Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Passive Protection ◽  
Fire Incident ◽  
Fire Disaster ◽  
Passive Fire Protection ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
The City

The fire incident in karaoke buildings in Indonesia which claimed many lives has occurred several times. According to the National Academy of Science US, the smoke toxins that come out of the fire disaster cause 50-80% of deaths. Refers to the data, it is necessary to check further about the building material response to fire during a fire incident. Masterpiece Signature Karaoke is a karaoke building that classified as large and magnificent in the city of Medan which has various material so that it is necessary to study the interior material as passive fire protection. The purpose is to find out how to assess the reliability of fire passive protection regard to the interior materials and recommendations or descriptions of right interior material planning using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This method is efficacious to solve the problem of reliability in using interior materials as passive fire protection in Masterpiece Signature Family KTV Medan building with the results of an Adequate Level of reliability. Then, design recommendations were given for the use of interior materials in karaoke building to improve the reliability results to be better.The results are useful as information for other researchers and karaoke buildings regarding passive fire protection systems at the Masterpiece Signature Family KTV Medan.

Жизненное состояние древесных насаждений в условиях города Актобе (Казахстан)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
S. A. Abiev ◽  
S. A. Aipeisova ◽  
N. A. Utarbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Health State ◽  
Urban Habitats ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Vital State ◽  
Ulmus Laevis ◽  
Urban Conditions ◽  
The City ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

<p>The purpose of our work is to assess the health state of woody plants growing in different habitats of the city of Aktobe. We have studied the health state of arboreal and shrubby plants growing in various urban habitats; the survey was conducted during 2016-2017 by route-visual method. We performed the analysis of species diversity, abundance and density in urban area. The assessment of health state of the trees was made according to V.A. Alekseev. From your data and literature review we established that such species as Ulmus pinnato-ramosa, Acer negundo, Populus tremula, Populus nigra, and Syringa vulgaris have strong winter resistnce in the territory of Aktobe; we registered that only their apex buds and emds of the shoots were frozen in severe winters. The medium-resistant speices include Ulmus laevis and Acer platonoides. They are less plastic and suffer from late spring and early autumn frosts. The Amorpha fruticosa, Vitis vinifera, and Parthenocissus guinguefolia could be considered as the non-resistant species, since they usually freeze up to the snow cover line. The analysis of the vital state made it possible to assess the resistance to urban conditions of the majority of trees and shrubs registered in urban habitats of Aktobe. According to the preliminary data, the origin of the plant and its winter resistance are of main importance when introducing new species to urban area.</p>

scholarly journals A New Integrated Approach for Municipal Landfill Siting Based on Urban Physical Growth Prediction: A Case Study Mashhad Metropolis in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 949
Author(s):  
Salman Qureshi ◽  
Saman Nadizadeh Shorabeh ◽  
Najmeh Neysani Samany ◽  
Foad Minaei ◽  
Mehdi Homaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Markov Chain Method ◽  
Physical Expansion ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
The City

Due to irregular and uncontrolled expansion of cities in developing countries, currently operational landfill sites cannot be used in the long-term, as people will be living in proximity to these sites and be exposed to unhygienic circumstances. Hence, this study aims at proposing an integrated approach for determining suitable locations for landfills while considering their physical expansion. The proposed approach utilizes the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) to weigh the sets of identified landfill location criteria. Furthermore, the weighted linear combination (WLC) approach was applied for the elicitation of the proper primary locations. Finally, the support vector machine (SVM) and cellular automation-based Markov chain method were used to predict urban growth. To demonstrate the applicability of the developed approach, it was applied to a case study, namely the city of Mashhad in Iran, where suitable sites for landfills were identified considering the urban growth in different geographical directions for this city by 2048. The proposed approach could be of use for policymakers, urban planners, and other decision-makers to minimize uncertainty arising from long-term resource allocation.

scholarly journals Development of the city-scale chemistry transport model CityChem-EPISODE and its application to the city of Hamburg

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Karl
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
New Model ◽  
The City

Abstract. This paper describes the City-scale Chemistry (CityChem) extension of the urban dispersion model EPISODE with the aim to enable chemistry/transport simulations of multiple reactive pollutants on urban scales. The new model is called CityChem-EPISODE. The primary focus is on the simulation of urban ozone concentrations. Ozone is produced in photochemical reaction cycles involving nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted by various anthropogenic activities in the urban area. The performance of the new model was evaluated with a series of synthetic tests and with a first application to the air quality situation in the city of Hamburg, Germany. The model performs fairly well for ozone in terms of temporal correlation and bias at the air quality monitoring stations in Hamburg. In summer afternoons, when photochemical activity is highest, modelled median ozone at an inner-city urban background station was about 30 % lower than the observed median ozone. Inaccuracy of the computed photolysis frequency of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is the most probable explanation for this. CityChem-EPISODE reproduces the spatial variation of annual mean NO2 concentrations between urban background, traffic and industrial stations. However, the temporal correlation between modelled and observed hourly NO2 concentrations is weak for some of the stations. For daily mean PM10, the performance of CityChem-EPISODE is moderate due to low temporal correlation. The low correlation is linked to uncertainties in the seasonal cycle of the anthropogenic particulate matter (PM) emissions within the urban area. Missing emissions from domestic heating might be an explanation for the too low modelled PM10 in winter months. Four areas of need for improvement have been identified: (1) dry and wet deposition fluxes; (2) treatment of photochemistry in the urban atmosphere; (3) formation of secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA); and (4) formation of biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The inclusion of secondary aerosol formation will allow for a better sectorial attribution of observed PM levels. Envisaged applications of the CityChem-EPISODE model are urban air quality studies, environmental impact assessment, sensitivity analysis of sector-specific emission and the assessment of local and regional emission abatement policy options.

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