scholarly journals The Benefits of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) for Southern Africa: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9222
Author(s):  
Obianuju P. Ilo ◽  
Mulala D. Simatele ◽  
S’phumelele L. Nkomo ◽  
Ntandoyenkosi M. Mkhize ◽  
Nagendra G. Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Rapid Appraisal ◽  
Development Goals

Globally, water hyacinth is a known invasive species that predominantly threatens the pillars of sustainability. The cost of controlling these invasive plants is high and many Southern African countries are barely equipped for this liability as the process has to be performed over time. Despite this challenge, there is valuable resource recovery from water hyacinth which can be used to make financial and environmental returns. The visible differences between the control and utilisation methods lie in the definition, recognition, and matching of costs and benefits. Using a rapid appraisal of existing literature, which was analysed using meta-analysis, the current paper is an attempt to discuss the beneficial use of water hyacinth. It is argued in the paper that the economic feasibility of control methods which, on one hand, are used to calculate the economic value of water hyacinth, mainly relies on assumptions whose reliability and sustainability are questionable, thus implying limitations on using this kind of control methods. On the other hand, the costs and benefits of utilising water hyacinth can be quantifiable, making them susceptible to changes associated with time value and sensitivity analysis of possible fluctuations in cashflows. In the context of these annotations, other scholars have argued for the consideration of other utilisation alternatives, among which is included biogas which has been identified as the most viable option because of its potential in diversifying the energy mix, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and contributing to improved water quality. Given these observations, this paper aims to contribute to policy and research discussions on the fiscal understandings of the material recovery from water hyacinth to promote the adoption of biogas technology. These views are discussed within the broader discourse of the sustainable development goals (SDGs).

National Human Rights Institutions and Sustainable Development with Specific Reference to Selected African Examples

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mubangizi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
National Human ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
National Human Rights Institutions

That National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) play an important role in the protection and promotion of human rights is a well-known fact. This has been widely acknowledged by the United Nations (UN). Also well-known is the fact that several African countries have enacted new constitutions during the last two to three decades. One of the most salient features of those new constitutions is that they establish NHRIs, among other things. Given their unique role and mandate, these NHRIs can and do play an important role in the realisation of the sustainable development goals contained in the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Adopting a case study approach, this article explores the role NHRIs have played in the promotion and protection of human rights in selected African countries and implications for sustainable development in those countries. The main argument is that there are several lessons African countries can learn from each other on how their NHRIs can more meaningfully play that role. Accordingly, best practice and comparative lessons are identified and it is recommended that NHRIs can contribute to sustainable development more meaningfully if they can make themselves more relevant, credible, legitimate, efficient and effective.

Financing the Sustainable Development Goals in Sub-Saharan African Countries

2022 ◽  
pp. 32-51
Author(s):  
Alex Nester Jiya ◽  
Ernest Roderick Falinya
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
High Population Growth ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Sub Saharan

The chapter seeks to provide insights on the alternatives for financing sustainable development in the Sub- Saharan Africa (SSA). It has been highlighted in the chapter that the region faces the danger of not attaining the SDGs due to poor political systems, climate change, high population growth and restricted economic growth and development. This comes in the midst of declining and unpredictable Official Development Assistance (ODA) plus other domestic and foreign financing instruments. Despite the constraints, the chapter has explored the potential for the region to attain and maintain the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) way beyond 2030. Sub-Saharan Africa has a lot of natural resources and a favorable demographic structure. Furthermore, the region has shown some signs of industrial development of late and increasing regional integration which are key to economic transformation. Finally, the chapter has highlighted some policy recommendations in order for the region to realise its potential and attain the SDGs.

scholarly journals Economic and environmental feasibility study of water hyacinth briquette in Cirata Reservoir

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Tauny Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Environmental Feasibility ◽  
Control Water

The aim of this study was to determine the economic and environmental feasibility of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) briquette. The economic feasibility was determined by the BCR, NPV, Payback Period, and BEP value. While the environmental feasibility was determined by the potential of water hyacinth briquette to control water hyacinth in Cirata Reservoir. Briquette A1P3 (the charcoal combinations of rice husk: water hyacinth 1:1 and the percentage of tapioca binder 5%.) was used in this research. The need of water hyacinth briquettes by a satay (tiny grilled chicken) seller and a grilled fish seller is greater than the need of charcoal and coconut shell charcoal. It shows that water hyacinth briquettes have a lower economic value than charcoal and coconut shell charcoal. A project of water hyacinth briquette processing is economically feasible with the assumption that all products sold because of the BCR value (1.1) > 1, and the NPV value (58,390,711) > 0, with Payback Period in 4.6 years and BEP 95,621.5 kg in 5 years. The use of water hyacinth briquettes by a satay and grilled fish trader at 20,949 kg briquettes/year has the potential to control water hyacinth in Cirata Reservoir of 0.02% per year.

History of a hypothesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Christopher Dye
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human History ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Fire Insurance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Main Ideas

The main ideas about preventing illness run through the whole of human history even if, in every age and in every place, they find new interpretation. Spanning 5,000 years, this chapter reveals prevention’s common themes, including the following: illnesses have preventable causes (Neolithic filtration and boiling of water); the choice of prevention over cure is conditional on the balance of costs and benefits, where the benefits depend on the risk, timing and severity of the hazard (shipping insurance, from 4000 BC); prevention is about improving health, not merely avoiding illness (Ancient Greece); prevention is for communal as well as personal health (Roman aqueducts and communal toilets); prevention is at a premium in the absence of a cure (fourteenth-century plague); the costs and benefits of prevention can be calculated and used to make choices about health (Franklin on fire insurance, Chadwick on sanitation); and the immediate, preventable causes of illness (diet, tobacco) depend, in turn, on deeper causes, in societies, economies and environments (Hippocrates to the Sustainable Development Goals).

scholarly journals How will the sustainable development goals deliver changes in well-being? A systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate whether WHOQOL-BREF scores respond to change

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. e000609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M Skevington ◽  
Tracy Epton
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Subjective Quality Of Life ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals

IntroductionThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2015 aim to ‘…promote well-being for all’, but this has raised questions about how its targets will be evaluated. A cross-cultural measure of subjective perspectives is needed to complement objective indicators in showing whether SDGs improve well-being. The WHOQOL-BREF offers a short, generic, subjective quality of life (QoL) measure, developed with lay people in 15 cultures worldwide; 25 important dimensions are scored in environmental, social, physical and psychological domains. Although validity and reliability are demonstrated, clarity is needed on whether scores respond sensitively to changes induced by treatments, interventions and major life events. We address this aim.MethodsThe WHOQOL-BREF responsiveness literature was systematically searched (Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE and Medline). From 117 papers, 15 (24 studies) (n=2084) were included in a meta-analysis. Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) assessed whether domain scores changed significantly during interventions/events, and whether such changes are relevant and meaningful to managing clinical and social change.ResultsScores changed significantly over time on all domains: small to moderate for physical (d=0.37; CI 0.25 to 0.49) and psychological QoL (d=0.22; CI 0.14 to 0.30), and small for social (d=0.10; CI 0.05 to 0.15) and environmental QoL (d=0.12; CI 0.06 to 0.18). More importantly, effect size was significant for every domain (p<0.001), indicating clinically relevant change, even when differences are small. Domains remained equally responsive regardless of sample age, gender and evaluation interval.ConclusionInternational evidence from 11 cultures shows that all WHOQOL-BREF domains detect relevant, meaningful change, indicating its suitability to assess SDG well-being targets.

scholarly journals Economic Value of Cultural Ecosystem Services in India: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muniyandi Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Ecosystem Services ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Cultural Ecosystem Service

Cultural ecosystem service (CES) is one of the important components in the ecosystem services framework which was designed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Cultural ecosystems services are the non-material benefits provides by various ecosystem services such as forest, wetland etc. CES is the vital contribution in the human well-being such as good physical and mental health. Further, CES is the major role in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for health and well-being. CES is still less primary investigation the economic literature especially in the Indian context link with the sustainable ecosystem management. Therefore, economic value of cultural ecosystem services is needed to study in the local level aspects. In the above mentioned context, this chapter is present the economic value of cultural ecosystem services in India. The main policy implication of the study is to design entry fee for many protected areas such as wildlife sanctuary, national park as well as sustainable environmental management for the present and future generation.

scholarly journals Crop Productivity and Implications for Food Security and Rural Livelihood Development in Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamudu A. Akudugu ◽  
Katherine K. Millar ◽  
Salifu Mubarik
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Development Goals

Over the past few decades, there have been major advances in crop productivity across the world, which has been made possible through a combination of productivity enhancing technological innovations. Beyond this achievement however, most parts of Africa are still battling with low crop productivity resulting in food shortages and food insecurity. The yields of many staple crops are still far below their agronomic potentials with output increases being attributed largely to area expansion. This paper examines the implications of the current trends of crop/plant productivity for food security and rural livelihood development in Africa using Ghana as a case study. The paper argues that crop production in Africa is becoming a less viable and unattractive livelihood activity with farmers diversifying out of agriculture into non-agricultural activities such as illegal small-scale mining, which have negative consequences on the ability of African countries to attain the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Wicked Problem and Gender Inequality in the Educational Sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-174
Author(s):  
Idris Olayiwola Ganiyu ◽  
Adeshina Olushola Adeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Wicked Problem ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Inequality In Education ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Gender

Since the coinage of the term ‘wicked problem' in the 1970s, various dimensions of the concept have emerged. Various social ills such as inequality, political instability, terrorism, diseases, famine, poverty, and corruption are considered as wicked problem. Many of the wicked problems are so called because of their complexities and difficulties of finding solutions to the problems. A major wicked problem that is pervasive in many African countries is gender inequality in education. Universal access to education for girls and boys is one of the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In addition, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) also emphasized quality education and gender equality as two of the main agendas that should be achieved by developed and developing countries. This chapter explores the gender inequality in the educational sector in selected Sub-Saharan African countries. A comparative analysis of the inequality on school enrollment in Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa was explored. The implication for policy and practice is discussed in this chapter.

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