scholarly journals Use of Incinerator Bottom Ash as a Recycled Aggregate in Contact with Nonwoven Geotextiles: Evaluation of Mechanical Damage Upon Installation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9156
Author(s):  
Filipe Almeida ◽  
José Ricardo Carneiro ◽  
Maria de Lurdes Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Repeated Loading ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Loading Tests ◽  
Natural Aggregates

The recycling and reuse of materials is crucial to reducing the amount of generated waste and the exploitation of natural resources, contributing to achieving environmental sustainability. During the incineration process of municipal solid waste, a residue known as incinerator bottom ash is generated in considerable amounts, being important the development of solutions for its valorization. In this work, three nonwoven geotextiles were submitted to mechanical damage under repeated loading tests with incinerator bottom ash and, for comparison purposes, with three natural aggregates (sand 0/4, gravel 4/8 and tout-venant) and a standard aggregate (corundum). Damage assessment was carried out by monitoring the changes that occurred in the short-term tensile and puncture behaviors of the geotextiles. Results showed that the damage induced by incinerator bottom ash on the short-term mechanical behavior of the geotextiles tended to be lower than the damage induced by the natural aggregates or by the standard aggregate. Therefore, concerning the mechanical damage caused on geotextiles, there are good prospects for the use of incinerator bottom ash as a filling material in contact with those construction materials, thereby promoting its valorization.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Aggregates on the Mechanical Damage Suffered by Geotextiles

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4229 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Miranda Carlos ◽  
José Ricardo Carneiro ◽  
Maria de Lurdes Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Water Permeability ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Repeated Loading ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Loading Tests ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Useful Lifetime

The installation process of geosynthetics can be, in some applications, one of the most relevant degradation mechanisms of these construction materials, affecting their performance and useful lifetime. In this work, three nonwoven geotextiles with different masses per unit area were submitted to mechanical damage under repeated loading tests with corundum and with different natural aggregates. The damage occurred in the geotextiles was evaluated by visual inspection and by monitoring changes in their short-term tensile and puncture behaviors (mechanical properties) and in their water permeability behavior normal to the plane (hydraulic property). The mechanical damage under repeated loading tests provoked relevant changes in the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the geotextiles. These changes depended on the mass per unit area of the geotextiles and on the characteristics of the aggregates. The results enabled the establishment of a correlation between the loss of mechanical strength and the variation of the water permeability normal to the plane of the geotextiles.

scholarly journals Resistance of Geosynthetics against the Isolated and Combined Effect of Mechanical Damage under Repeated Loading and Abrasion

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3558
Author(s):  
Filipe Almeida ◽  
David Miranda Carlos ◽  
José Ricardo Carneiro ◽  
Maria de Lurdes Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Repeated Loading ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Reduction Factors

The behaviour of materials used for developing engineering structures should be properly foreseen during the design phase. Regarding geosynthetics, which are construction materials used in a wide range of engineering structures, the installation on site and the action of many degradation agents during service life may promote changes in their properties, endangering the structures in which they are applied. The evaluation of the damage suffered by geosynthetics, like installation damage or abrasion, is often carried out through laboratory tests. This work studied the behaviour of five geosynthetics (three geotextiles and two geogrids) after being individually and successively exposed to two degradation tests: mechanical damage under repeated loading and abrasion. The short-term mechanical and hydraulic behaviours of the geosynthetics were analysed by performing tensile tests and water permeability normal to the plane tests. Reduction factors were determined based on the changes occurred in the tensile strength of the geosynthetics. Findings showed that mechanical damage under repeated loading and abrasion tended to affect the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the geosynthetics and that the reduction factors calculated according to the traditional method may not be able to represent accurately the damage suffered by the materials when exposed successively to the degradation mechanisms.

scholarly journals High-Durability Concrete Using Eco-Friendly Slag-Pozzolanic Cements and Recycled Aggregate

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8307
Author(s):  
Klaus Voit ◽  
Oliver Zeman ◽  
Ivan Janotka ◽  
Renata Adamcova ◽  
Konrad Bergmeister
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Pozzolanic Cement ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Clinker production is very energy-intensive and responsible for releasing climate-relevant carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, and the exploitation of aggregate for concrete results in a reduction in natural resources. This contrasts with infrastructure development, surging urbanization, and the demand for construction materials with increasing requirements in terms of durability and strength. A possible answer to this is eco-efficient, high-performance concrete. This article illustrates basic material investigations to both, using eco-friendly cement and recycled aggregate from tunneling to produce structural concrete and inner shell concrete, showing high impermeability and durability. By replacing energy- and CO2-intensive cement types by slag-pozzolanic cement (CEM V) and using recycled aggregate, a significant contribution to environmental sustainability can be provided while still meeting the material requirements to achieve a service lifetime for the tunnel structure of up to 200 years. Results of this research show that alternative cements (CEM V), as well as processed tunnel spoil, indicate good applicability in terms of their properties. Despite the substitution of conventional clinker and conventional aggregate, the concrete shows good workability and promising durability in conjunction with adequate concrete strengths.

Mechanism of Cement Paste with Different Particle Sizes of Bottom Ash as Partial Replacement in Portland Cement

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2367-2372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ng Hooi Jun ◽  
Mirabela Georgiana Minciuna ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Tan Soo Jin ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cement Composite ◽  
Pozzolanic Reaction ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Pozzolanic Properties

Manufacturing of Portland cement consists of high volume of natural aggregates which depleted rapidly in today construction field. New substitutable material such as bottom ash replace and target for comparable properties with hydraulic or pozzolanic properties as Portland cement. This study investigates the replacement of different sizes of bottom ash into Portland cement by reducing the content of Portland cement and examined the mechanism between bottom ash (BA) and Portland cement. A cement composite developed by 10% replacement with 1, 7, 14, and 28 days of curing and exhibited excellent mechanical strength on day 28 (34.23 MPa) with 63 mm BA. The porous structure of BA results in lower density as the fineness particles size contains high specific surface area and consume high quantity of water. The morphology, mineralogical, and ternary phase analysis showed that pozzolanic reaction of bottom ash does not alter but complements and integrates the cement hydration process which facilitate effectively the potential of bottom ash to act as construction material.

Environmental Sustainability through Recycling Incineration Bottom Ash for the Production of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

2015 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 51-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
En Hua Yang ◽  
Yi Quan Liu ◽  
Zhi Tao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Powder ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ◽  
Silica Source ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
Aeration Capacity

Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (IBA) has great potential to be utilized for civil engineering applications. This paper is to investigate the characteristic of gas generation from IBA and to study the potential of IBA as aerating agent to replace costly aluminum powder and as silica source to partially replace silica flour/fly ash in the production of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). Results show the aeration capacity of IBA used in this study is about 1% that of pure aluminum powder by mass. Finer particles, higher alkali molarity, and higher reaction temperature encourage the reaction and more gas is generated per gram of IBA. Type of alkaline solution does not seem to be an important factor for gas generation from IBA. Several exemplary lightweight mortars and AACs were produced by incorporating IBA as aerating agent. It is highly plausible IBA can be used as aerating agent to replace pure aluminum powder in the production of normal aerated concrete. IBA-AACs with density ranging from 600 to 800 kg/m3 were successfully synthesized by using IBA as aerating agent. For a given density, the compressive strength of IBA-AAC is higher than that of AAC due to the formation of more uniform pore structure with smaller pore size in IBA-AAC.

scholarly journals Mortars with Recycled Aggregates from Building-Related Processes: A ‘Four-Step’ Methodological Proposal for a Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2756
Author(s):  
Federica Vitale ◽  
Maurizio Nicolella
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Recycled Aggregates ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
By Products

Because the production of aggregates for mortar and concrete is no longer sustainable, many attempts have been made to replace natural aggregates (NA) with recycled aggregates (RA) sourced from factories, recycling centers, and human activities such as construction and demolition works (C&D). This article reviews papers concerning mortars with fine RA from C&D debris, and from the by-products of the manufacturing and recycling processes of building materials. A four-step methodology based on searching, screening, clustering, and summarizing was proposed. The clustering variables were the type of aggregate, mix design parameters, tested properties, patents, and availability on the market. The number and the type of the clustering variables of each paper were analysed and compared. The results showed that the mortars were mainly characterized through their physical and mechanical properties, whereas few durability and thermal analyses were carried out. Moreover, few fine RA were sourced from the production waste of construction materials. Finally, there were no patents or products available on the market. The outcomes presented in this paper underlined the research trends that are useful to improve the knowledge on the suitability of fine RA from building-related processes in mortars.

scholarly journals Design of Concrete Made with Recycled Brick Waste and Its Environmental Performance

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Ivan Janotka ◽  
Pavel Martauz ◽  
Michal Bačuvčík
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Natural Clays ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Standardized Parameters

In addition to the known uses of natural clays, less publication attention has been paid to clays returned to the production process. Industrially recovered natural clays such as bricks, tiles, sanitary ceramics, ceramic roofing tiles, etc., are applicable in building materials based on concrete as an artificial recycled aggregate or as a pozzolanic type II addition. In this way, the building products with higher added value are obtained from the originally landfilled waste. This paper details the research process of introducing concrete with recycled brick waste (RBW) up to the application output. The emphasis is placed on using a RBW brash as a partial replacement for natural aggregates and evaluating an RBW powder as a type II addition for use in concrete. A set of the results for an RBW is reported by the following: (a) an artificial RBW fine aggregate meets the required standardized parameters for use in industrially made concrete, (b) a RBW powder is suitable for use in concrete as industrially made type II addition TERRAMENT showing the same pozzolanic reactivity as a well-known and broadly used pozzolan-fly ash, and (c) such an RBW as aggregate and as powder are, therefore, suitable for the production of industrially made TRITECH Eco-designed ready-mixed concrete.

scholarly journals China’s plastic import ban increases prospects of environmental impact mitigation of plastic waste trade flow worldwide

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongguo Wen ◽  
Yiling Xie ◽  
Muhan Chen ◽  
Christian Doh Dinga
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Waste Trade ◽  
Treatment Structure

AbstractSince the late 1990s, the trend of plastic waste shipment from developed to developing countries has been increasing. In 2017, China announced an unprecedented ban on its import of most plastic waste, resulting in a sharp decline in global plastic waste trade flow and changes in the treatment structure of countries, whose impacts on global environmental sustainability are enormous but yet unexamined. Here, through the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, we quantified the environmental impacts of changes in the flow patterns and treatment methods of 6 types of plastic waste in 18 countries subsequent to the ban. In the short term, the ban significantly improved four midpoint indicators of environmental impact, albeit contributed to global warming. An annual saving of about 2.35 billion euros of eco-cost was realized, which is equivalent to 56% of plastic waste global trade value in 2017. To achieve global environmental sustainability in the long run, countries should gradually realize the transition from export to domestic management, and from landfill to recycling, which would realize eco-costs savings of about 1.54–3.20 billion euros.

scholarly journals Bottom Ash Waste Used in Different Construction Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 012013 ◽  
Author(s):  
G G Volokitin ◽  
N K Skripnikova ◽  
O G Volokitin ◽  
A V Lutsenko ◽  
V V Shekhovtsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Construction Materials

scholarly journals Environmental Performance Enters Construction Materials

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bonfield
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Legal Term ◽  
Chain Of Custody ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Impact Cost

The environmental sustainability of materials used in construction applications is driving a requirement for the quanti-fcation of performance attributes of such materials. For example, the European Union (EU) Energy Performance in Buildings Directive will give commercial buildings an energy rating when rented or sold. The Code for Sustainable Homes launched by the U.K. Government's Department for Communities and Local Government (CLG) in January 2007 sets out the requirement for all new homes to be carbonneutral by 2016. In addition, homes in the United Kingdom will need to signifcantly reduce water consumption from today's average 160 liters (1) per person per day to less than 801 per person per day. Similarly stringent targets are required for waste, materials, and other factors. Such environmental and energy standards are complementing characteristics such as strength, stiffness, durability, impact, cost, and expected life with factors such as “environmental profle,” “ecopoints” (a single unit measurement of environmental impact arising from a product throughout its lifecycle that is used in the United Kingdom), “carbon footprint” (amount of CO2 produced for the lifecycle of the item), “recycled content,” and “chain of custody” (a legal term that refers to the ability to guarantee the identity and integrity of a specimen from collection through to reporting of test results).

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