scholarly journals Understanding Regional Risk Factors for Cancer: A Cluster Analysis of Lifestyle, Environment and Socio-Economic Status in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9080
Author(s):  
Dawid Majcherek ◽  
Marzenna Anna Weresa ◽  
Christina Ciecierski
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Industrial Regions

To date, no results have been published regarding cluster analysis of risk factors for cancer in Poland. Many cancer deaths are preventable through the modification of cancer risk behaviours. This study explores the multidisciplinary connection between lifestyle, environment and socio-economic status (SES). Cluster analyses indicate that major metropolitan areas and large industrial regions differ significantly in terms of SES, lifestyle and environment when compared with other parts of Poland. Our findings show that in order for interventions to be effective, cancer-prevention policy should be addressed on both local and national scales. While anti-cancer policies in Poland’s industrial regions should focus on air pollution, the country’s northern regions should aim to curb smoking, increase sports activity and improve SES. Policy interventions must target the root causes of cancer in each region of Poland and must account for SES.

scholarly journals A Cluster Analysis of Risk Factors for Cancer across EU Countries: Health Policy Recommendations for Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8142
Author(s):  
Dawid Majcherek ◽  
Marzenna Anna Weresa ◽  
Christina Ciecierski
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Eu

Cancer burden in the European Union (EU) is increasing and has stimulated the European Commission (EC) to develop strategies for cancer control. A common “one size fits all” prevention policy may not be effective in reducing cancer morbidity and mortality. The goal of this paper is to show that EU member states are not homogenous in terms of their exposure to risk factors for cancer (i.e., lifestyle, socio-economic status (SES), air pollution, and vaccination). Data from a variety of sources including Eurostat, the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, the European Health Interview Survey, Eurobarometer, and the European Environment Agency were merged across years 2013–2015 and used to develop a cluster analysis. This work identified four patterns of cancer prevention behaviors in the EU thus making it possible to group EU members states into four distinct country clusters including: sports-engaged countries, tobacco and pollutant exposed nations, unhealthy lifestyle countries, and a stimulant-enjoying cluster of countries. This paper finds that there is a need for closer collaboration among EU countries belonging to the same cluster in order to share best practices regarding health policy measures that might improve cancer control interventions locally and across the EU.

scholarly journals Childhood vaccination coverage in Australia: an equity perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arzu Arat ◽  
Hannah C. Moore ◽  
Sharon Goldfeld ◽  
Viveca Östberg ◽  
Vicky Sheppeard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Social Inequities ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Aboriginal Children

Abstract Background This study describes trends in social inequities in first dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR1) vaccination coverage in Western Australia (WA) and New South Wales (NSW). Using probabilistically-linked administrative data for 1.2 million children born between 2002 and 2011, we compared levels and trends in MMR1 vaccination coverage measured at age 24 months by maternal country of birth, Aboriginal status, maternal age at delivery, socio-economic status, and remoteness in two states. Results Vaccination coverage was 3–4% points lower among children of mothers who gave birth before the age of 20 years, mothers born overseas, mothers with an Aboriginal background, and parents with a low socio-economic status compared to children that did not belong to these social groups. In both states, between 2007 and 2011 there was a decline of 2.1% points in MMR1 vaccination coverage for children whose mothers were born overseas. In 2011, WA had lower coverage among the Aboriginal population (89.5%) and children of young mothers (89.3%) compared to NSW (92.2 and 92.1% respectively). Conclusion Despite overall high coverage of MMR1 vaccination, coverage inequalities increased especially for children of mothers born overseas. Strategic immunisation plans and policy interventions are important for equitable vaccination levels. Future policy should target children of mothers born overseas and Aboriginal children.

scholarly journals Influence of socio-economic status on Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection incidence, risk factors and clinical features

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Adams ◽  
L. Byrne ◽  
T. C. Rose ◽  
G. K. Adak ◽  
C. Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection can cause serious illness including haemolytic uraemic syndrome. The role of socio-economic status (SES) in differential clinical presentation and exposure to potential risk factors amongst STEC cases has not previously been reported in England. We conducted an observational study using a dataset of all STEC cases identified in England, 2010–2015. Odds ratios for clinical characteristics of cases and foodborne, waterborne and environmental risk factors were estimated using logistic regression, stratified by SES, adjusting for baseline demographic factors. Incidence was higher in the highest SES group compared to the lowest (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.19–2.00). Odds of Accident and Emergency attendance (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.10–1.75) and hospitalisation (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.36–2.15) because of illness were higher in the most disadvantaged compared to the least, suggesting potential lower ascertainment of milder cases or delayed care-seeking behaviour in disadvantaged groups. Advantaged individuals were significantly more likely to report salad/fruit/vegetable/herb consumption (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.16–2.17), non-UK or UK travel (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.40–2.27; OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.35–2.56) and environmental exposures (walking in a paddock, OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.22–2.70; soil contact, OR 1.52, 95% CI 2.13–1.09) suggesting other unmeasured risks, such as person-to-person transmission, could be more important in the most disadvantaged group.

scholarly journals Socio-economic status and behavioural and cardiovascular risk factors in Papua New Guinea: A cross-sectional survey

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e0211068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Rarau ◽  
Justin Pulford ◽  
Hebe Gouda ◽  
Suparat Phuanukoonon ◽  
Chris Bullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status

Socio-economic status and co-morbidity as risk factors for trauma

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olof Brattström ◽  
Mikael Eriksson ◽  
Emma Larsson ◽  
Anders Oldner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Co Morbidity

Socio-Economic Status in Relation to Risk Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Disease, in Healthy Individuals from the ATTICA Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos ◽  
Christos Pitsavos ◽  
Yannis Manios ◽  
Evangelos Polychronopoulos ◽  
Christina A. Chrysohoou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Cell Counts

Background Social status has been related with the prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between socio-economic status (SES) and clinical and biochemical factors related to coronary heart disease, in a sample of cardiovascular disease-free men and women. Design Cross-sectional survey. Methods During 2001-2002, 1514 men (20-87 years old) and 1528 women (20-89 years old) from the Attica region (Greece) were randomly enrolled into the study. Trends in established and emerging cardiovascular risk factors were examined across the participants' socio-economic status. A special index was developed (years of school by annual income) and three socio-economic classes were created. Results An inverse relationship was found regarding all lipids and glucose levels across the tertiles of the SES index. An inverse association was observed between body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio and SES in men, but not in women. Furthermore, compared to the lowest tertile, individuals who were classified in the highest SES tertile had lower levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 levels and white blood cell counts, even after adjusting for various potential confounders. Finally, a considerable proportion of men and women reported lack of health knowledge and education. Conclusions An inverse association between SES and factors related to cardiovascular risk exists, but the causal pathway itself requires more detailed explanation before the social status can have explanatory power.

Speech-like vocalizations in infancy: an evaluation of potential risk factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kimbrough Oller ◽  
Rebecca E. Eilers ◽  
Michele L. Steffens ◽  
Michael P. Lynch ◽  
Richard Urbano
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Vocal Development ◽  
Laboratory Personnel ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

ABSTRACTThis work reports longitudinal evaluation of the speech-like vocal development of infants born at risk due to prematurity or low socio-economic status (SES) and infants not subject to such risk. Twenty infants were preterm (10 of low SES) and 33 were full term (16 of low SES), and all were studied from 0;4 through 1;6. The study provides the indication that at-risk infants are not generally delayed in the ability to produce well-formed speech-like sounds as indicated in taperecorded vocal samples. At the same time, premature infants show a tendency to produce well-formed syllables less consistently than full terms after the point at which parents and laboratory personnel note the onset of the canonical babbling stage (the point after which well-formed syllables are well established in the infant vocal repertoires). Further, even though low SES infants produce well-formed speech-like structures on schedule, they show a reliably lower tendency to vocalize in general, as reflected by fewer utterances per minute in recorded samples.

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